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Acceleration of the construction of alumni association to promote the development of universities Xiao Yuan 2021, 41 (3):  193-196.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210210-00200 Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (778KB) ( 103 )   As a special and important social resource, alumni plays an important role in the development of a university. With the continuous expansion of alumni, it is of great practical significance to strengthen the organization of alumni association. Based on the experiences collected from university alumni associations management in China, this paper analyzes the positive role played by the alumni in the development and construction of alma mater and the problems existing in the current management work. The paper also discusses different approaches for the management and functioning of alumni associations. The conclusion points out that through increasing human resources and financial input for the alumni association, building more communication pathways to promote consistent relationship between the university and its alumni, strengthening information feedback to improve service quality, optimizing internal quality control and external supervision, the service effectiveness of the alumni association will be improved and the connection of the university and its alumni will be strengthened, so to make contributions to the development of theuniversities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflections on China's medical education in a new era Hou Jianlin, Wang Yun, Pu Dan, Zhang Yan, Wang Ying, Cui Shuang, Guo Li, Ke Yang 2021, 41 (3):  197-200.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200817-01217 Abstract ( 386 )   PDF (781KB) ( 399 )   The rapid development of China's medical education makes great contribution to the building of physician workforce in the country. Chinese physicians play a vital role in effectively treating COVID-19 , pandemic prevention and control. Nevertheless, medical education in China are also faced with a number of challenges, including inadequate number of students, weakness in public health and preventive medicine education, neglect of medical microbiology and infectious diseases, insufficient online study resources. To address these issues, the scale of education still needs to be expanded in order to train more healthcare providers. Meanwhile, public health and preventive medicine education should be strengthened and medical students should be equipped with more knowledge on zoonotic infectious diseases. More investments should be poured into experimental teaching in medical microbiology and the development of virtual simulation experiment teaching. Furthermore, more efforts should be made to construction of strengthen online curriculum resources with the integration and combination of online and offline teaching. The evaluation system for the cultivation of medical professionals should also be reformed in order to promote the capacity building of of clinical and teaching skills. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Innovative exploration of mechanism for medical students'voluntary service Liu Wenwen, Li Ting, Yang Xiaozheng, Liu Dongming 2021, 41 (3):  201-204.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200917-01361 Abstract ( 169 )   PDF (820KB) ( 97 )   Based on the challenges and barriers in medical students'volunteer service, the project explores the goal of voluntary service and implementation strategy covering recruitment, training, management, evaluation and incentive mechanism, and evaluated the outcomes of application. Finally a complete operating mechanism was developed to ensure the performance a sustainable development of volunteer service and also provide opportunity for medical students to understand the clinical work, promote their training in medical knowledge and ethics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on professional self-identity of rural order oriented tuition-free medical students in Gansu Medical College Gao Shumei, Zhou Fengjuan, Liu Liqiong, Wang Qiang, Li Hua, Qiu Min 2021, 41 (3):  205-208.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200706-01012 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (784KB) ( 91 )   Objective To investigate the cognition and identity of rural order oriented tuition-free medical students at Gansu Medical College. Methods Using the method of questionnaire survey, in November 2019, 475 rural order oriented tuition-free medical students of three-year program from the year 2017 to 2019 at Gansu Medical College were investigated. The data were analyzed by F-test & t-test. Results The total score of professional identity was (3.4±0.7) in 2017, (4.1±0.7) in 2018 and (3.6±0.9) in 2019, and the difference of these three years’ students was statistically significant (P<0.01). The total score of students in 2018 with pre-service training was higher than that of students in 2017 and 2019 without training, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). The items which have lower recognition are like these: In 2017, “I fully understand the business scope and job responsibilities of village doctors”[38.9%(70/180)], “Village doctors can enable me to fully display my personal ability and expertise”[36.7%(66/180)], “I think that since the contract is signed, it must be performed unconditionally”[24.4%(44/180)] and “I think the development prospect of village doctors is very good”[37.1%(39/105)]in 2019. Conclusions The overall recognition of occupation of tuition-free medical students is low. Pre-service training is one of the effective ways to enhance the sense of professional identity by tuition-free medical students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Training effect analysis of scientific research ability in eight-year medical education program Chen Yanjie, Lai Yanni, Wu Hao, Xu Lili, Chen Jie, Chen Shiyao 2021, 41 (3):  209-212.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200618-00929 Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (993KB) ( 159 )   Objective The scientific research status and their feedback on school teaching of eight-year clinical medicine specialty was investigated to provide theory basis for improving the scientific research ability of eight-year clinical medicine graduates. Methods From December 2019 to January 2020, 413 undergraduates of the eight-year curriculum of grade 2004 to grade 2011 in Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University were selected as the research subjects. Questionnaires were used to investigate the general information, the current achievements in scientific research and the feedback on school teaching of the research objects. Results A total of 26.0% (98/377) of the graduates received project funding after graduation, and 67.6% (75/111) of the graduates in the standardized training stage had published one or more SCI papers. Among graduates who had graduated from standardized training stage, the proportion rose to 76.7%(204/266). However, according to the feedback of the 76.0%(314/413) graduates, it is still necessary to further strengthen the training of scientific research capacity in school. Conclusions At present, the eight-year medical graduates have good scientific research ability, but the graduates still need to cultivate the scientific research ability in college. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of talent training and employment linkage teaching mode for social medicine course Wu Jian, Zhang Qingqing, He Yan, Sun Liang, Tian Qingfeng, Miao Yudong 2021, 41 (3):  213-217.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200708-01026 Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (839KB) ( 73 )   Objective To evaluate the effects of talent training and employment-based education mode in social medicine course. Methods From March 2018 to June 2019, totally 286 undergraduates from five-year Preventive Medicine program of grade 2014 and 2015 in School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, were enrolled into cohort analysis. One hundred and forty-four undergraduates from grade 2015 were assigned to new teaching mode group and 142 undergraduates from grade 2014 were assigned to traditional teaching mode group as controls. The teaching effects were evaluated by comparing the examination results and online questionnaire survey in the two groups of students. Results The rate of attendance, answering questions, homework submission, excellent of final exams and the total scores from the experimental group students are higher than those of the control group [(94.8% vs. 79.1%, 92.4% vs. 57.0%, 89.3% vs. 76.2%, 61.8% vs. 40.1%), (82.08±7.70) vs. (71.37±5.00)].Meanwhile, the students in the experimental group have got significantly better evaluations of learning outcomes from course teaching than those in the control group: the percentage of those agreed or very agreed with of course content was high [84.7%(122/144)], and also of faculty and students participation in classroom activities [84.7%(122/144)]. The percentage of interaction in classroom activities was impressive [83.3%(120/144)]. Conclusions The new teaching mode achieved good effects, which was proved to be helpful for improving students'knowledge and enthusiasm for taking classes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Jigsaw teaching method in medical genetics teaching Zhang Yan, Dong Chao, Bao Yulong, Burenqiqige, Zhou Haole 2021, 41 (3):  218-221.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200424-00635 Abstract ( 127 )   PDF (814KB) ( 117 )   Jigsaw teaching method is a kind of teaching method based on the collaborative learning theory and the basic principle of jigsaw puzzle. Taking the practice teaching of medical genetics as an example, this paper introduces the specific implementation process of Jigsaw teaching method, and discusses its advantages in improving students'enthusiasm for learning, strengthening students'knowledge integration and cultivating students'team spirit. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the effect of clinical application-oriented electrocardiogram practice teaching Wu Qing, Yin Yuelan, Liu Tianmin, Chen Jian, Li Qingrong, Su Zhongzhen, Zhou Zhijuan 2021, 41 (3):  222-225.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200923-01388 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (787KB) ( 97 )   Objective To explore the effect of the practice teaching reform of electrocardiogram in standardized training of resident doctors. Methods All 96 students who took part in the ECG course of resident standardized training in 2019 were selected as the subjects, which were divided into two groups. The experimental group carried out the practical teaching reform of "clinical application oriented ", and the control group adopted the traditional teaching form, and the syllabus, content and hours of the two groups were the same. The results of formative evaluation and final evaluation were analyzed. Results Thee was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. The formative and final evaluation of experimental group was better than control group. Conclusions The “clinical application-oriented "electrocardiogram practice teaching has good immediate effect and continuous effect on resident electrocardiogram learning, which is helpful to improve resident's clinical ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of an online case-based learning platform in standardized training of neurology residents He Ji, Zhang Yixuan, Li Gang, Fan Dongsheng 2021, 41 (3):  226-229.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201015-01474 Abstract ( 133 )   PDF (824KB) ( 94 )   Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the national multi-center CBL teaching method based on a network platform. Methods From June 2017 to October 2019, 51 hospitals and 201 neurology residents from 11 provinces were organized to join a case-based learning (CBL) training on the network platform. The outcomes were evaluated by questionnaire survey. Results The scores of neurology residents for electrophysiology and neurodegenerative diseases were significantly higher than those obtained before the training,[(8.16±1.21) vs. (3.76±1.59) , t=30.02] and [(6.29±1.41) vs. (3.72±0.81) , t=22.19], all P<0.05. All neurology residents accepted the CBL teaching method, and their satisfaction reached 95.5%. Among them, the items with good evaluations were the appropriate learning content, the improvement of personal capacity for team cooperating, and their mean scores were (12.46±1.36), (3.71±0.80) and (3.70±1.00) respectively. Conclusions Network-based online CBL training functions as a more convenient and intuitive way of communication, overcome the barrier of spatial distinctions and significantly improve the satisfaction of residents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Internet teaching applied for training in lumbar puncture in neurosurgery department Han Yunfeng, Lai Xuan, Liu Bin, Yang Jun 2021, 41 (3):  230-233.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200601-00856 Abstract ( 131 )   PDF (831KB) ( 207 )   Objective To apply and evaluate internet teaching method in the training of lumbar puncture for residents in Neurosurgery Department. Methods The experimental control method was used. A total of 80 residents who were trained in neurosurgery department of Peking University Third Hospital from February 2019 to August 2020 were selected as the objects. They were divided into two groups with internet teaching and traditional teaching respectively to compare the training outcome of lumbar puncture. Skill assessment and the results of questionnaire were collected to evaluate the teaching effectiveness. Results The difference of skill total score, operating time, and satisfaction rate between internet teaching method group and traditional teaching group were not statistically significant [(83.9±4.9) vs. (83.3±5.2), (11.6±2.3) vs. (11.8±2.5), 67.5%(27/40) vs. 60.0%(24/40), all P＞0.05]. However, there was statistically significant difference in terms of improving learning interest and strengthening knowledge memory [92.5%(37/40) vs. 75.0%(30/40), 95.0%(38/40) vs. 77.5%(31/40), all P＜0.05]. Conclusions The internet teaching in skill training like lumbar puncture for neurosurgery residents can ensure the learning outcome non-inferior to that of traditional teaching method, but the internet method stimulates the residents'interest in learning and strengthens the knowledge memory. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of co-morbidity management concept in the training for geriatric oncology Song Peng, Che Hebin, Zhang Dong 2021, 41 (3):  234-237.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200806-01175 Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (831KB) ( 46 )   With the development of the aging population, the concept of elderly co-morbidity management has been widely used. Based on the basic concept of co-morbidity management, the authors discussed how to apply the concept into the development and teaching practice of geriatric oncology. It is important to improve the teachers'understanding of the concept of geriatric co-morbidity management. In order to lay the foundation for better solving the elderly cancer specialty diseases, diversified teaching methods and educational technologies should be adopted to cultivate students'thinking of co-morbidity management; the continuing education of co-morbidity management should be actively carried out for young doctors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the first national invitational competition of basic medical experimental skills of undergraduate students of medical college and universities Du Juan, Shen Tao , Fan Yinguang, Zhang Yuanyuan, Yang Qin, Zhou Ting , Lyu Xiongwen, Wang Siying, Li Xueju, Guo Li 2021, 41 (3):  238-242.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200525-00815 Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (833KB) ( 47 )   Objective Through analysis of the first national invitational competition of experimental skills of undergraduates in medical college and universities to tackle challenges and to promote the reformation of medical education. Methods In this study, the baseline situation and results of the first invitational competition of experimental skills organized in 2019 were analyzed by data analysis of t test, ANOVA, χ2 test and Fisher exact probability method. Results In this competition, there are 88 contestants from 22 colleges and universities in 16 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, the main contestants were grade 2017 and 2016 undergraduates. The total score [(91.7±3.2) vs. (88.8±5.1)] and case analysis scores [(13.9±2.8) vs.(11.8±2.9)]of grade 2016 students were significantly higher than those of grade 2017 students(all P<0.01). In addition, the scores of case analysis questions of “5+3”program students were the highest(16.2±1.5). The scores of case analysis questions of grade 2016 students were significantly higher than those of grade 2017[(14.3±2.2) vs. (12.4±2.8), P<0.05]. Conclusions The competition results of the clinical “5+3” program students were significantly higher than those of other majors, and the clinical reasoning of grade 2016 students were better than that of grade 2017 students. In future, this competition should be carried out in students from same grade and same program so to promote the remodeling of medical experiment skill training guided by the strategy of “promoting reformation by competition”. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Contrastive analysis of resident trainees: relationship of education background and learning performance Yin Jiajing, Zha Xiaojuan, Li Nan, Zhang Manna, Bu Le, Sheng Chunjun, Yang Peng, Cheng Xiaoyun, Li Hong, Qu Shen 2021, 41 (3):  243-246.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200721-01091 Abstract ( 104 )   PDF (812KB) ( 72 )   Objective To analyze the differences of training performance and underline causes of resident trainees with different degrees, and to provide the reference for standardized resident training program fitting trainees with different education background. Methods Collected examination scores of all the residents training at Shanghai tenth people's hospital for three consecutive years, trainees were divided into three groups based on their degrees(Bachelor, Masters and PhD) and the training results were collected and analyzed. Results Totally 303 residents joining the 3-year program of standardized training were included in this research, including 108 with bachelor degree, 110 with Master degree and 85 with Ph.D. The results of operation test were (91.3±4.2), (90.1±4.1) and (86.1±6.7), the difference was statistically significant(P=0.032); the final pass rate was 90.7 % (98/108), 97.2 % (107/110) and 84.7%(72/85), respectively, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The potential cause of the difference is associated with the heavy research burden and so neglecting clinic training. Conclusions The residential training system needs to be improved. When making the residential training teaching plan, the residential training mode of the students with different education background should be diversified. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Critical thinking capacity and its influencing factors in the training of general practice residents Zhao Yajun, Zhang Fangyan, Tian Jiupeng, Gong Jizhang, Ge Xuhua 2021, 41 (3):  247-250.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200611-00906 Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (788KB) ( 64 )   Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of critical thinking capacity of general practice residents. Methods Questionnaire survey was used. Totally 141 general practice residents in affiliated Hospital of Tongji University from 2017 to 2019 were selected as the research objects. Use the critical thinking scale and questionnaire on the influencing factors of critical thinking ability to conduct an electronic questionnaire survey on the general practice residents. T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the scores of critical thinking ability under different factors of general practice residents; multiple independent variable analyses of variance were used to explore the influencing factors of critical thinking capacity. Results The average score of critical thinking scale was (252.96±36.54), and only 19.9% (28/141) of them showed a positive critical thinking capacity. The influencing factors are: gender,frequency of learning English,ways of dealing with clinical problems and teaching pathway in the hospital (all P<0.05). Conclusions The capacity of critical thinking by the general practice residents is weak. It is necessary to intervene the influencing factors through the change of teaching methods and the adjustment of contents, such as teaching rounds, bilingual teaching and training models in the hospital. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 360-degree assessment in the competency-oriented standardized training of pediatric residents Liu Lili, Zhong Yilin, Yu Guo, Hou Xinlin, Qi Jianguang 2021, 41 (3):  251-255.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200916-01351 Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (845KB) ( 96 )   Objective To explore the role of 360-degree assessment in the competency-oriented standardized training of pediatric residents. Methods A total of 2 688 360-degree evaluation results of 48 residents who completed standardized training in the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital from 2017 to 2019 were collected and statistically analyzed respectively. Results (1)Different types of evaluators scored residents differently.The score from parents was the highest,(4.9±0.3),followed by (4.7±0.3) from peer residents and (4.6±0.5) from nurses.The score from superior physicians was the lowest, (4.5±0.4).(2)Residents had different scores in different competences. They scored (4.4±0.4),(4.6±0.5), (4.7±0.4),(4.5±0.3),(4.6±0.4),(4.4±0.5),(4.8±0.4) in the role of medical experts, communicators, collaborators, leaders, health advocates, scholars and professionalism, respectively. They had the lowest score in the roles of medical experts and scholars, and the highest score in professionalism.(3)The 360-degree assessment of the second year residents showed higher score from different evaluators and in various competencies than the first-year residents. Conclusions The 360-degree assessment can continuously and comprehensively evaluate the abilities of residents in a multi-dimensional way during the rotation process,and promote the overall improvement of residents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical competency of trainees attending standardized residency training at two municipal hospitals in Hubei Zhang Qingsong, Xue Huimin, Zhan Dongang, Yang Jing, Shang Lei, Xu Shaoyong 2021, 41 (3):  256-259.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200601-00858 Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (827KB) ( 46 )   Objective To evaluate clinical competency of trainees who attend standardized residency training (SRT) in municipal hospitals, and to provide data support for the work of SRT base. Methods From November to December 2019, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 380 physicians who attend SRT from at two prefecture-level hospitals in Hubei Province. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the results on clinical competency. Results The score of clinical competencies in all participating physicians was (3.82±0.55), and the score in general practitioners (GPs) (3.59±0.56) was the lowest. The items with two lowest scores were research (3.28±0.83) and information management (3.41±0.59). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that, for trainees in the first year (b=-0.30) and the second year (b=-0.23)], their post competency scores were lower than those of trainees who had completed the training (all P<0.05). The competency score of GPs (b=-0.36) is lower than that of others (P<0.01). Conclusions Although this survey confirmed the effectiveness of SRT, weaknesses of clinical competency (e.g. academic research) were found in the trainees at municipal hospitals, particular for GPs. It is necessary to strengthen training specifically to fill the gap. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current situation of chief residency training in internal medicine in Peking University Health Science Center Yang Ying, Li Ye, Wang Ruoning, Jiang Hui 2021, 41 (3):  260-263.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.i.cn115259-20201208-01685 Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (781KB) ( 92 )   Chief residency is a critical step towards the attending in internal medicine. Chief residents play crucial roles in clinical, teaching and administration in internal medicine residency programs. The implement details of chief resident training system in Peking University Health Science Center were elaborated in this article. The necessity, responsibility, and competencies of chief residents were surveyed among chiefs on duty and among the clinical mentors. It was showed that the necessity of chief resident training was highly recognized, while some weakness was also identified. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary effect analysis of continuing education system of sports medicine Yang Yuping, Li Min, Li Qingsong, Mu Chenyang, Liu Zhenlong, Cui Guoqing, Ao Yingfang 2021, 41 (3):  264-267.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200728-01124 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (785KB) ( 42 )   Objective To investigate the feedback of the continue education at the department by the refresher physician at the Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital from 2013 to 2016 to identify strengthens, weakness and space to improve. Methods A retrospective analysis of 230 refresher physician from the Institute of Sports Medicine. They were divided into orthopedics and sports groups according to their departments. In addition to participating in clinical routine work and daily rounds of surgery outside, specialized training physicians to supplement teaching rounds, English literature copy to read, comprehensive training in sports medicine and arthroscopic series of professional courses, national continuing education programs and training specialist for at least 6 months. Self-designed questionnaire statistics are used to investigate general information and training content. Feedback and training effect feedback to analyze the construction and effect of the continuing education system for specialist physicians in our hospital. Results There are significant differences between the two groups in the evaluation of actual surgical operation opportunities and the number of independent operating tables (73.98±70.56 vs. 202.94±171.09,P<0.05). Conclusions The continue education system at sports medicine Institute is relatively reasonable, and helpful to refresher physician from orthopedics and sports medicine. This system may be worth promoting in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Result analysis of graduation examinations for general practitioners receiving position transition training in Zhejiang Province Lyu Jing, Xu Fen, Chen Shaoxi, Chen Jin, Zhang Minglei 2021, 41 (3):  268-271.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200708-01028 Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (827KB) ( 34 )   Objective To analyze the results of graduation examinations of position transition training for general practitioners in Zhejiang Province, and to provide scientific basis for improving the training quality. Methods The graduation examination results of 159 general practitioners in Zhejiang Province in 2019 were collected and analyzed in March 2020. Results The pass rates of case history collection, physical examination, clinical reasoning and decision-making and specialized skill operation were 95.0% (151/159), 88.7% (141/159), 78.6% (125/159) and 92.5% (147/159) respectively. The pass rate of clinical reasoning and decision-making was the lowest (P<0.01). The pass rates of tracheal intubation, thoracentesis, abdominal puncture, catheterization and ECG were 93.8% (149/159), 90.6% (144/159), 100.0% (159/159), 81.3% (129/159), 96.9% (154/159) respectively. The pass rate of catheterization was the lowest, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the pass rate of graduation examination between the trainees from community-level clinics and those from general hospitals [(75.0% (66/88) vs. 76.1% (54/71), P=0.878]. The pass rates of trainees from Zhejiang University Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University and Hangzhou Medical College were 75.4% (46/61), 76.0% (38/50) and 75.0% (36/48), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.993). Conclusions Through strict selection of trainees and systematic management training, the general practitioners'training for post transition in Zhejiang Province has achieved good results. The clinical reasoning and decision-making capacity of general practitioners should be further strengthened. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation and analysis of team rescue capability of attending physicians Sun Lu, Lin Qing, Jia Yinglei, Zhu Shuobin, Wang Ping 2021, 41 (3):  272-275.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210126-00126 Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (788KB) ( 61 )   Objective To evaluate and to analyze the rescue capacity of attending physician team and to promote the the competence buidling of attending physicians. Methods In 2020, the 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) and the definition of leader in the physician competence framework were used as a basis for developing evaluation index. Using the competency evaluation of medical education and the Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) to guide evaluation process development and content design, which were applied to evaluate and analyze the team rescue capacity of 77 attending physicians who have been promoted to the position for 3 or 4 years in Peking University First Hospital. The rescue team includes an attending physician, a resident and a nurse. Results The operational skill score of attending physicians [74.7(66.7, 80.3)] was higher than that of leadership [56.3(50.7, 69.0)], the operational skill score of internal medicine group [78.9(75.6, 86.7)] was higher than that of surgical group [67.2(62.6, 75.5)], the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.01). Leadership capacity score of attending physicians in the internal medical group [64.7(50.7, 73.7)] was higher than that in the surgical group [53.3(49.7, 60.7)], but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.07). Conclusions The evaluation index of team rescue capacity is basically objective. The leadership capacity of attending physicians needs to be improved, and the cultivation of leadership ability needs to be strengthened with multiple approaches. At the same time it is necessary to strengthen the discussion on the cultivation of operational skills of attending surgeons in the surgical system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of formative evaluation in medical literature retrieval course based on SPOC Liu Lihua, Zhang Jun, Liu Jing, Peng Jun, Ding Jinglin 2021, 41 (3):  276-279.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200507-00705 Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (819KB) ( 65 )   This paper introduces the origin and the features of the formative assessment, analyzes the shortcomings of offline formative assessment, introduces the SPOC of Medical Literature Retrieval in SUMHS and the online formative assessment index for course, analyzes the teaching effect and advantages of applying the formative evaluation based on SPOC to the course, and puts forward countermeasures for the existing problems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of clinical practice ability assessment tools for nursing students at home and abroad Wang Liqun, Li Peifang, Chen Jiali, Ning Ning 2021, 41 (3):  280-283.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200710-01040 Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (790KB) ( 120 )   The clinical capacity of nurses is a key indicator to evaluate the quality of nursing education and teaching effect, it is an important factor that directly affects the quality of nursing and patient safety. Therefore, it is very important to choose a suitable tool for a comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the clinical capacity of nursing students. This article summarizes the tool for evaluation of clinical capacity of nursing students in China and and abroad, and describes in detail the applicable population, content items, scoring methods, reliability and validity of each evaluation tool. It aims to provide reference for nursing educators to choose right assessment tools, and lay a foundation for further improvement of clinical training of high-quality practical talents and to facilitate the development of . nursing disciplines. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Problem-based learning in McMaster University School of Medicine and its inspiration Chen Yongxi , Zhu Jianyi 2021, 41 (3):  284-288.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200617-00927 Abstract ( 165 )   PDF (842KB) ( 148 )   Problem-based learning (PBL) is a new pedagogy focusing on self-learning which solves problems through cooperative learning by trainees. This paper introduces the specific arrangement and evaluation method of PBL in McMaster University School of Medicine in Canada, and discusses its inspiration to the promotion of PBL teaching in China according to the education background of medical students, so to select the practical teaching methods and teaching plans; identifying the qualified PBL tutor and to ensure the smooth transformation of the teacher's role; to strengthen the student-centered concept and to guide students to make full use of multimedia, Internet and other resources in the process of learning by PBL. References | Related Articles | Metrics