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    01 April 2021, Volume 41 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    Exploration of online education quality monitoring in medical education from the perspective of total quality management
    Qian Wenyi, Wang Yan, Yu Rongbin, Liu Ying
    2021, 41 (4):  289-292.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200624-00963
    Abstract ( 179 )   PDF (829KB) ( 160 )  
    Education quality monitoring is the core element of higher education quality management system. Based on the perspective reviewing of total quality management, this article analyzes the existing problems and reasons of online teaching quality monitoring, and takes Nanjing Medical University as an example to explore the implementation pathway of monitoring online teaching quality in medical education. Through the participation of all staff to strengthen the organization and management guarantee, the whole process of monitoring and maintaining the teaching operation, comprehensive guidance to improve the overall teaching level, all-round evaluation to improve the quality of online teaching, continuous feedback and adjustment, to achieve the homogeneity of online and offline teaching in theoretical courses, so as to provide a reference for the development and improvement of the online education monitoring system in medical education of China.
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    Investigation and analysis of pediatric dentists in 2020
    Yang Jie, Niu Yuting, Xia Bin, Qin Man, Ge Lihong
    2021, 41 (4):  293-296.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200325-00421
    Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (792KB) ( 67 )  
    Objective To investigate the situation of pediatric dentists in China, and to provide a basis for developing the training plan and orientation of pediatric dentists. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on pediatric dentists in 2020 and majority of them are members of Chinese Society of Pediatric Dentistry. A total of 1 005 valid questionnaires were collected. The investigation included general information, work status, clinical performance, behavior management preventive healthcare and continues education. The data was collected and analyzed. Results 79.3% (797/1 005) of pediatric dentists were 21 to 40, and 54.1% (544/1 005) of them had master's degree and doctor's degree. Among the professional knowledge sources of children's Stomatology, post graduation education accounts for a large proportion,according to the proportion from high to low, they were under the guidance of senior doctors [59.6% (599/1 005)], further study [45.7% (459/1 005)], and postgraduate education [35.5% (357/1 005)]. In filling and endodontic treatment of dental caries, the proportion of rubber barrier used frequently was 42.9% (431/1 005) and 45.5% (457/1 005), respectively.The proportion of metal crowns of deciduous molars and transparent crowns of deciduous anterior teeth were 47.0% (472/1 005) and 35.2% (354/1 005), respectively.In terms of continuing education, 43.5% (437/1 005) of children's dentists thought that their professional ability was insufficient, 88.5% (889/1 005) of children's dentists thought that the proportion of children's stomatology in undergraduate and specialist stomatology education was not enough, and 61.0% (613/1 005) of children's dentists thought that post graduation education should be strengthened. Conclusions Children's stomatologists are young and highly educated. They pay more attention to prevention and health care. Clinical standardized operation is widely carried out. The education of children's stomatology should be strengthened after graduation.
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    Analysis of current situation of work and training of hemophilia rehabilitation practitioners
    Liu Ying, Shi Mingnan, Zhao Wowa, Chen Lixia
    2021, 41 (4):  297-300.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200620-00941
    Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (839KB) ( 39 )  
    Hemophilia rehabilitation has been carried out in China for 17 years.This paper described the current situation of hemophilia rehabilitation, the establishment and implementation ofnational continuing medical education, then investigated the work and training status of hemophilia rehabilitation practitioners in 2019.The results showed that there was insufficient work practice of hemophilia rehabilitation practitioners. Rehabilitation practitioners who had completed the HJHS training had relatively good professional practice. The proportion of practitioners who had completed HJHS training in hemophilia centers was relatively high.Their professional practice was better than that of the employees from non-center, but they still need to further improve their professional skills through CME.
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    Implementation of comprehensive quality training strategy for undergraduates in medical imaging technology
    Yuan Yuan, Tang Hehan, Yu Wei, Deng Liping, Li Yuming, Wang Ziwei, Qian Lingling, Li Zhenlin
    2021, 41 (4):  301-304.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200806-01170
    Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (800KB) ( 101 )  
    Objective To explore the implementation effect of comprehensive quality training as an education strategy of learning medical imaging technology by undergraduates. Methods In September 2018, a total of 28 undergraduates' interns from the program of 2016 four-year medical imaging technology of West China Clinical Medical College of Sichuan University were recruited. A series of strategies were adopted after undergraduates entering the learning stage of professional courses, including curriculum ideological and political construction, class teachers' responsibility, teacher-student interaction, teaching methods reform, scientific research mentor system for research, education and internationalization. The questionnaire survey results showed the improvement of humanistic quality and professional quality and competion capacity of the undergraduates were compared before and after the implementation of the strategies, as well as the results of the competition. Results The questionnaire survey showed that the scores of undergraduates in the five aspects of humanistic qualities such as national pride, professional self-confidence, professional mission, teacher-student harmony, and psychological endurance after the implementation of strategies were all significantly higher than that before implementation, and the differences were statistically significant [4(3,4) vs.3(2,3), 4(3,4) vs.2(2,3), 4(3,4) vs.3(2,3), 4(3,4) vs.3(2,3), 4(3,4) vs.3(2,3), all P<0.05]. In terms of professional quality, undergraduates' scores in research logic, literature retrieval, medical statistics, presentation as well as PPT preparation, and defense speech after the implementation of the strategy were all significantly higher than that before implementation[3(2,3) vs.2(1,2), 3(2,4) vs.2(2,2), 3(2,4) vs.2(2,3), 3(3,4) vs.2(1,3), 4(3,4) vs.2(2,3), all P<0.05]. The students joined national and provincial skill competitions and bear the palm for the first time in school history. Conclusions Through the implementation of these strategies, the comprehensive quality of students in the training process of medical imaging technology has been well improved, which may facilitate their to promote their professionalism development.
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    Research and practice of the transformation and development of pharmaceutical education and the construction of pharmacist talent cultivation system
    Fan Chenlin, Xu Xiaoyuan, Yu Feng, Ge Weihong, Yao Wenbing
    2021, 41 (4):  305-309.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201014-01467
    Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (808KB) ( 66 )  
    The important way to promote the transformation and development of pharmaceutical education is to build a new “patient-centered” pharmaceutical talent cultivation system and to strengthen the training of pharmacists to serve Healthy China strategy. It is necessary to reverse the long-term orientation of pharmaceutical education that focuses on “drugs” rather than “patients” by designing the top-level model. The theme of “understanding medicine & mastering pharmacy and close combination of medicine and pharmacy” should run through pharmacist talent training, and the practice teaching system of “two main lines and three stages” should be established, as well as realizing the optimal connection of the chains among education, talent and health.In addition, the quality of pharmacist-oriented talent training can be ensured by establishing national standards, promoting professional certification, playing the role of connecting all parties, enhancing public awareness, building domestic and foreign cooperation platforms, and establishing an open system.
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    The practice of surface anatomy in the teaching of “5+3” integrated medicine program
    Lin Ruying, Zhao Xiaozhen, Lin Qing, Xu Weiwei, Xu Jianwen
    2021, 41 (4):  310-313.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200814-01207
    Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (833KB) ( 104 )  
    Surface anatomy is an emerging frontier discipline which evolved from human anatomy, and is closely related to clinical practice. Since 2015, Fujian Medical University has promoted the integration of surface anatomy into the human anatomy course in the “5+3” integrated clinical medicine specialty. It can establish the gradual teaching mode of “value-leading, anatomical practice, clinical application and scientific research innovation”. Teaching analysis is carried out by students' evaluation, questionnaire survey and result display. The results realized the combination of quality education and humanities education, and promotes the cultivation of high-level medical talents.
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    Analysis of research for clinical teacher's competence
    Li Qinglin, Zhang Jin, Zhang Shue, Li Yanchao, Tian Jing, Zhao Chenxi, Zhu Liyan, Cao Depin
    2021, 41 (4):  314-317.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200629-00980
    Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (838KB) ( 272 )  
    The competence of clinical teachers is the individual deep level feature that distinguishes high performers from general performers in clinical teaching activities, which specifically includes the knowledge, skills, motivation, characteristics, self-image, attitudes and values of clinical teachers. This article uses the literature research method to summarize the research outcomes on the competence of clinical teachers in China from Jan, 2005 to March, 2020. The research summarizes the research contents of clinical teacher competence model construction, practical application, status quo and influencing factors, mixed research of related concepts, the introduction of training practical experience.It points out the current problems of clinical teacher competence research: research breadth and depth needs to be improved, lack of follow-up empirical research, serious repeated research phenomenon, unbalanced research object, lack of innovation in the research system and so on. The prospects for future research on the competence of clinical teachers are discussed to provide reference for subsequent research.
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    Research progress of the application of Peyton's four-step teaching method in medical education
    Tang Fei, Yang Piaoyu, Wang Ping, Feng Li
    2021, 41 (4):  318-321.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200713-01047
    Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (854KB) ( 245 )  
    Peyton's four-step teaching method is a popular medical teaching method used abroad. This method is increasingly accepted by faculty in China in the training of clinical skill, it also has good guiding significance for clinical skills bedside class room teaching. In this paper, operation,strengthens, research progress of Peyton's four step teaching method in medicine education, and future development are reviewed.
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    Peer instruction and its enlightenment to medical education
    Diao Xingyue, Zhu Yaxin, Qu Bo
    2021, 41 (4):  322-325.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200827-01257
    Abstract ( 109 )   PDF (798KB) ( 117 )  
    Peer instruction(PI) has been shown to stimulate students' comprehension of the abstract concepts improve, improves their capacity to resolve problems. It is widely used in various subjects. This paper introduces the theoretical basis and steps of PI, and discusses the key steps of PI in terms of the seating arrangements, the design of tests, the application of classroom response system, the impact of feedback on learning effects, independent thinking before discussion, and the guiding function of teachers, in order to provide a reference for the education and reformation in medical education institutes in China.
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    Application of web-based microteaching method in pediatric internship for international students
    Jiang Mingyu, Dai Jicheng, Jiang Chunming, Gao Jian, Ren Mingyong
    2021, 41 (4):  326-329.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200902-01281
    Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (835KB) ( 65 )  
    Objective To evaluate the application of microteaching method in web-based teaching for international students during pediatric internship. Methods A total of 58 international students were randomly divided two groups. The experiment group was given microteaching method online,while the control group was trained with traditional case-based method. After the training completion,the learning outcomes and teaching quality were compared in view point of basic theory and practical skills plus a questionnaire survey. Results The test scores of the experimental group and the control group were (82.80±1.64) and (64.60±1.62) respectively. The comprehensive satisfaction scores of the experimental group and the control group were (4.31±0.65) and (2.97±0.54) respectively. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). Conclusions Microteaching method is helpful to improve the examination results of international students in pediatrics internship, help international students and teachers learn from each other, help students find problems and establish correct clinical diagnosis and treatment thinking.
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    Research progress on flipped classroom teaching and evaluation indicators in nursing education
    Luo Yang, Meng Yanting
    2021, 41 (4):  330-333.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200910-01317
    Abstract ( 143 )   PDF (807KB) ( 139 )  
    With learners as the center, flipped classroom is a hot spot in the research of nursing educators. This paper reviewed the teaching effects and evaluation indexes for flipped classroom applied in nursing education in recent years in the view point of cognition, emotion, skill and learning behavior to provide reference for further improvement. In general, the application of flipped classroom in nursing education can significantly improve the teaching effect, but there are still some weekness.
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    Investigation and analysis on the influencing factors of teaching quality about clinical internship
    Qi Xin, Fu Yao, Wang Jianliu, Li Haichao
    2021, 41 (4):  334-338.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201127-01637
    Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (835KB) ( 113 )  
    To investigate the current situation about clinical internship and improve the internship process management, a questionnaire survey was carried out at the clinical teaching bases of the national colleges and universities, and investigated the basic information of clinical teaching bases, current situation of undergraduate clinical practice teaching, problems and difficulties existing in the clinical practice teaching, and policy-making suggestions to the training of clinical practice, etc. It was found that the trainees' entrance examination,clinical teachers' performance, doctor-patient relationship and hospital's acceptance of the training mission all have great impacts on the clinical training, so it is necessary to adjust the current system of clinical practice teaching as soon as possible, strengthen the competence-oriented education of undergraduates in schools,quality control and financial investment to clinical training of graduates in clinical practice.
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    New understanding and practice of clinical medicine teaching by ward round
    Liu Yanguo, Guo Peng, Li Xiao, Jiang Guanchao, Wang Jianliu
    2021, 41 (4):  339-342.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200805-01164
    Abstract ( 142 )   PDF (789KB) ( 115 )  
    Clinical teaching through ward round is a traditional training of clinical medicine with long history and unique characteristics. In recent years, with the acceleration of social rhythm, the popularization of health examination, the arrival of auxiliary examination at the first time, the improved patients' awareness of rights protection, and the update of teaching concept, form and technology, word round teaching is facing challenges. Therefore, the authors put forward three principles of teaching ward round in the new era: (1)the basic goal is to improve the post-competency; (2)various teaching forms can be applied comprehensively; (3)the whole process of diagnosis and treatment of patients should be covered as much as possible. Under this guidance, they carried out a new form of teaching word rounds aimed at improving the trainees' post-competence.
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    The investigation and analysis of the cognition, attitudes and training needs of standardized training residents for COVID-19 infection prevention and control during the pandemic
    Zhang Guining, Wu Cailin, Wang Sheng, He Xuehong, Long Shanlian, Wei Wei, Yu Kehan, Huang Huiqiao
    2021, 41 (4):  343-346.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201015-01472
    Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (839KB) ( 48 )  
    Objective To investigate the cognition, attitudes and training needs of standardized residency training residents for the prevention and control of corona virus infection during the pandemic as response to emergence of newly infectious diseases. Methods In February 2020, a questionnaire were used to collect trainees' feedback on COVID-19's cognition, attitude and training needs. A total of 2 560 residents from training hospitals were covered and the results were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. Results The different grade residents was significant in the the field of infection prevention and control, diagnosis and treatment skill (all P<0.01); Needs of training for diagnosis and treatment strategy were respectively 98.4%(2 518/2 560),98.9%(2 532/2 560),needs for training of manage patients with suspected infection and how to put on and put off biosafety facilities were 97.5%(2 496/2 560),96.1%(2 460/2 560) respectively. In terms of practical skills training, the first two training methods with the most demand were video training[73.6%(1 884/2 560)] and multi-level, batch training [53.8%(1 376/2 560)]. Conclusions The trainees from different grade residents in the field of prevention, control and treatment of COVID-19 infection showed different needs so trainer institutions should strengthen the organization, apply information technology to meet training needs with specific strategy and method in the training programs.
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    Building a competency-based program for resident training oriented by entrustable professional activities
    Feng Lili, Gong Xiaojie, Song Linlin, Wu Sheng, Wang Yiqun, Chen Xuyan
    2021, 41 (4):  347-350.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200612-00910
    Abstract ( 144 )   PDF (796KB) ( 164 )  
    Competency-based medical education (CBME) is becoming a goal of modern medical education reform and a global trend, but there are some problems fund during its implementation. This article aims to provide a practical model, based on the concept of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) to translate personal competency assessment to clinical practice derived from curriculum development for emergency resident training. Using Kern's six-step approach to curriculum development, needs assessments of targeted learners were conducted, and all EPAs of emergency training were selected and described in order to identify curriculum goals and specific learning objectives. Educational strategy and assessment tools were linked to the specific task-oriented knowledge, skills and attitudes. Implementation of this curriculum requires trainee portfolios and progress interviews, statements of awarded responsibility. Evaluates whether the curriculum is successful and how it can be improved from the participants and the program. This model provides a new and promising method to fill the gap between the CBME and clinical tasks. The curriculum also provides a process template for using EPAs to drive curriculum development and innovation, which may be transferred to other domain of clinical training.
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    Comparative study between integrated items and non-integrated items in basic medicine in medical examination
    Zhang Dongqi, Li Guojian, Sun Jinwan, Jin Yongxin
    2021, 41 (4):  351-354.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201112-01570
    Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (790KB) ( 57 )  
    Objective To provide data support to test question used in medical examination of basic medicine in order to meet the requirement of competency-oriented medical education assessment through comparing the item parameters between integrated items and non-integrated items in basic medicine. Methods Two item formats, integrated item and non-integrated item, on the same basic medicine knowledge point were used to in a large-scale clinical medicine examination. Fifteen knowledge points were chosen and the cognitive level, assessment point, difficulty and discrimination of different item formats were compared and analyzed, with significance test using pared-samples Wilcoxon rank sum test for difficulty and pared-samples T test for discrimination. Results The cognitive level of non-integrated items were memory and comprehensive, while the cognitive levels of integrated items were application of basic medicine knowledge points. The average assessment point number of integrated items increased 2.8 than that of non-integrated items. The difficulty of non-integrated items was 0.77(0.59,0.92), and that of integrated items was 0.75 (0.69,0.86). There was no significant difference between the two item formats (P=0.100). The average discrimination of non-integrated items was (0.26±0.11), and that of integrated items was (0.31±0.10). The discrimination of integrated items was significantly higher than that of non-integrated items (P=0.015). Conclusions The integrated item format meets the requirement of competency-oriented medical education and reform, complies with the tendency of medical examination assessment, and improves the quality of test questions of basic medicine.
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    Development and application of a smart evaluation method for in-process assessment of physiology learning
    Tu Yongsheng, Wang Hongyan
    2021, 41 (4):  355-358.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200804-01158
    Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (791KB) ( 53 )  
    The Ministry of Education requires to increase the weight of in-process assessment in the score record and thus promote the application of modern information technology, to build a smart classroom. The whole physiology teaching process (such as previewing before class, classroom performance, coursework after class, one test for each chapter, clinical case discussion, and review writing) is included in the in-process evaluation by using “superstar” technology package, accounting for 50% of the course score records, thereby carrying out an efficient and diversified intelligent evaluation, feedback and improving the management of routine training and learning process. This method strengthens the students' learning, supervising and feedback, so improves the quality of physiology teaching.
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    Design of an intelligent test paper generation system for health statistics
    Wei Lutong, Wan Yanli, Chen Qingkun, Hu Hongpu
    2021, 41 (4):  359-362.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200914-01336
    Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (842KB) ( 31 )  
    The test questions of health statistics as a kind of education resources are not able to meet the demands Aiming at this problem, this project designs an intelligent test paper generation system for Health Statistics combined with the related theories such as question bank construction and intelligent test paper generation. The content includes the construction of a basic question bank with multiple attribute marks, the formulation of intelligent test paper generation strategy such as constraint setting, selection of test paper generation plan, test paper generation process design and so on. Combining with the characteristics of Health Statistics, the functional framework of the test paper generation system is designed. This system will be conducive to make the management of Health Statistics test questions more scientific and intelligent, promote students' understanding of Health Statistics knowledge and methods, and improve the efficiency and quality of faculty in teaching Health Statistics.
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    Application of formative assessment and medical vision world examination system in standardized training of otolaryngology residents
    Yu Bo, Zhang Na, Kong Hui
    2021, 41 (4):  363-367.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200803-01145
    Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (844KB) ( 65 )  
    Objective To explore the application effect of formative assessment combined with medical vision world examination system in improving the quality of standardized residents training. Methods Self-control method was used in this study. Totally 17 residents who received standardized training in otolaryngology training base institute in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from July to November 2019 were selected as the research objects, including 10 trainees who started training in 2017 (group A) and 7 trainees who started training in 2018 (group B). The formative assessment combined with medical vision world examination system was used to strengthen the training and daily assessment every week. A total of 14 rounds of assessments were conducted. The training effect was evaluated by examination results and questionnaire survey. Repeated measurement ANOVA was used to study the influence of different training times and groups on daily examination results. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the average score of group A(133.49±13.81) and group B (131.89 ± 12.26) (P>0.05); There was statistically significant difference in the overall assessment results of different training times when other factors are not considered (P<0.01); With the increase of training times, the influence of groups on assessment results was not statistically significant (P>0.05); After three training, the results improved significantly and gradually stabilized. The results of satisfaction survey showed that all 17 students were very satisfied with following issues as the mastery of otolaryngology knowledge, the improvement of medical record documentation, completion of residential training, pass of examinations, skill of communication with their supervisors, and 17 students were very satisfied with the teaching and teachers. Conclusions Formative evaluation combined with medical vision world examination system is helpful to improve the assessment results of otolaryngology resident trainees and optimize the outcomes of training, it is suitable for trainees at different training stages, so it is well acknowledge by trainees at different stages.
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    Evaluation index system of teaching performance of clinical teachers in a residency training base
    Ren Shengnan, Qiao Jinghua, Ding Cheng, Zou Zhen, Cui Wenbin, Lyu Zhibao
    2021, 41 (4):  368-371.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200901-01277
    Abstract ( 162 )   PDF (821KB) ( 144 )  
    According to the theory of performance management and the characteristics of teaching in a residency training base,literature review and questionnaire survey were used to preliminarily select the evaluation index,Delphi method was used to determine the evaluation system and weight factors after two-round consultation.The evaluation index system of teaching performance of clinical teachers was established, including 3 primary indicators,10 secondary indicators and 29 third indicators,providing the basis for evaluating the teaching performance of clinical teachers in resident standardized training base.
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    Implementation status and promotion strategy of formative assessment in undergraduate clinical medical education
    Zhang Jin, Yang Libin, Zhang Shue, Zhao Chenxi, Cao Depin
    2021, 41 (4):  372-375.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201014-01469
    Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (795KB) ( 115 )  
    Objective To understand the current situation of formative assessment in clinical medicine education, and to provide reference information and decision-making basis for better improving students' learning and adjusting teachers' teaching. Methods From November 2019 to August 2020,417 clinical teachers in affiliated hospitals and teaching hospitals of three medical colleges in Heilongjiang Province were investigated by self-made questionnaire of formative evaluation of clinical medical education, and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistical method. Results The overall cognition of clinical teachers to formative assessment was good;the overall average implementation status of formative assessment was (3.73±0.28),and the mean values of each dimension from high to low were evaluation content(3.98±0.64), evaluation feedback(3.97±0.55),evaluation subject(3.49±0.86), evaluation method (3.48±0.76);the overall average effect of formative assessment was (3.74±0.04). Conclusions The current situation of formative assessment of undergraduate clinical medical education is good, but there are some problems, such as the lack of understanding of formative assessment by clinical teachers, the diversity of evaluation subjects and evaluation methods, and so on. It is suggested that we should follow the concept of formative evaluation,develop multiple methods,and participate in multi-dimensional subjects.
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    Effect of formative assessment based on portfolio in bilingual teaching of pediatric nursing
    Li Ronghua, Lin Yan, Yin Caixin, Zhou Ying
    2021, 41 (4):  376-380.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200912-01334
    Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (840KB) ( 61 )  
    Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the portfolio-based formative assessment in bilingual teaching of pediatric nursing. Methods Quasi-experimental design was adopted. A total of 97 bilingual experimental class students (four-year program) from grade 2013 and grade 2014 who received Pediatric Nursing education from February 2016 to July 2017 in Guangzhou Medical University were included. Fifty-eight students from grade 2014 were the experimental group with the new formative assessment based on portfolio, while thirty-nine students from grade 2013 were the control group with traditional assessment. The final theory examination scores, the self-directed learning ability scale and the academic self-efficacy scale were compared between two groups. Results The score of the English questions in the final theory examination of experimental group was higher than that of control group[(21.95±2.92) vs. (20.59±2.52)]; the total score of self-directed learning capacity and the total score of academic self-efficacy in experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(73.76±7.61) vs.(69.87±9.68), (79.47±7.97)vs.(75.92±8.34); all P<0.05]. Conclusions Formative assessment based on portfolio improves English performance, the self-directed learning capacity and academic self-efficacy.
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    Enlightenment of American medical education system reform on undergraduate clinical medical education in China
    Zhao Chenxi, Zhang Shue, Zhang Jin, Li Qinglin, Tian Jing, Zhu Liyan, Cao Depin
    2021, 41 (4):  381-384.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201118-01604
    Abstract ( 203 )   PDF (840KB) ( 208 )  
    The American medical education system is the model of western medical education. The research on the latest reform and trends in the United States has certain reference significance for medical education in China. This article mainly introduces the four aspects of the latest reform of American medical education:The reform of curriculum system, the reform of clinical probation, the change of examination for medical practitioners and the reform of humanities curriculum. The article also discusses the enlightenment of the above reform contents to the clinical education of undergraduates in China, in order to provide some valuable references for the reformation of clinical medical education in our country.
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