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Study on the quantity and composition of ordinary medical colleges and universities and their changes in China Hou Jianlin, Wang Zhifeng, Luo Youhui, Wang Nan, Meng Qingyue 2017, 37 (1):  1-8.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.001 Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (1876KB) ( 44 )   Ordinary medical colleges and universities, which played a crucial role in producing qualified health professionals in China, increased from 189 in 1998 to 590 in 2012. There were 53 and 414 medical colleges and universities that were respectively held by the central government and local governments in 2012 and the number of private ones totaled 123. The first three kinds of institutions that offer health professions education were comprehensive universities, free-standing medical universities and colleges, and science and engineering universities. Higher occupational schools totaled 185 in 2012, out-numbering other types of medical colleges and universities. In the same year, the number of medical colleges and universities in eastern, central, and western China was 261, 195, and 134, respectively. Only 73 or 12.4% of the 590 medical colleges and universities offered doctorate degrees. Undergraduate and junior medical colleges totaled 304 and 391 in 2012, respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Give play to the disciplinary advantages of comprehensive universities and innovate the mechanism of compound talents cultivation Xie Jingbo, Wang Ling, Wu Hongxiang, Wu Haiming 2017, 37 (1):  9-11.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.002 Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (909KB) ( 37 )   With the continuous upgrading of radiotherapy technology and equipment, the role of medical physicist has become increasingly prominent. However, the medical physics education system is not so perfect in China. The number of medical physicist is small and their levels are still very low, it is difficult to meet the new requirements of social development. In this article, we will take the Master of Biomedical Engineering Program (Medical Physics) of Fudan University as an example, to introduce the exploration and practice in the cultivation of high-level medical physicist, through the interdisciplinary and institutional innovation, in order to meet the construction of Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring for flipped classroom teaching of medical information literacy facing scientific research Liu Chunli, Cui Liyuan, Zhao Yuhong 2017, 37 (1):  12-18.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.003 Abstract ( 43 )   PDF (1464KB) ( 19 )   The paper analyzed the current status of medical information literacy education home and abroad, stated the gap between home and abroad on the aspects of educational objectives, educational pattern, educational content, and the main problems of traditional medical information literacy teaching. Flipped classroom teaching model brings a new opportunity for the reform of medical information literacy education by reconstructing the teaching process and mobilizing the collaboration and interaction between teachers and students sufficiently. In this background, medical information literacy education in China should facing scientific research task; make teaching design on the basis of different stages of scientific research project and scientific research activities; conduct theoretical research and practice based on flipped classroom teaching; promote the improvement of the information literacy of the medical scientific researchers in China. Furthermore, the paper initially explored the design and implementation of medical information literacy flipped classroom teaching facing scientific research from the aspects of the teaching time, teaching site, teaching content, teaching pattern, and teaching syllabus. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the influencing factors and countermeasures of innovative talents training in medical college Hu Weijun, Wang Yungui 2017, 37 (1):  19-22.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.004 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (922KB) ( 12 )   With the development of the times, life science has gradually become the mainstream of a new round of technological revolution, and the developed countries pay more and more attention to the cultivation of medical innovative talents. While due to the influence of the traditional education ideas, there are a lot of constraints in China's school education and student learning, therefore innovative education reform is urgently needed to get promotion in order to change the training center from the knowledge to the ability, also the training model from the receiving to the innovation, to focus the students' ability training on learning, practice, thinking and innovation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Questionnaire survey and analysis of growth needs in military medical undergraduates during tutorial system Long Shuang, Chen Hongru, Ren Jiong, Zhao Zengwei, Li Rong, Xu Hui, Wang Tao 2017, 37 (1):  23-27.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.005 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (994KB) ( 12 )   This study investigated the implementation effect, satisfaction to tutor and growth needs of the tutorial system in 496 medical senior before internship from Third Military Medical University using self-developing questionnaire.Results show that the recognitions to implementation effect to tutorial system were relatively low and there were significant gaps between the reality and expectation in the roles, instructional contents and times of the tutors, although most students expressed satisfied with their tutors. It follows that the tutorial system for military medical undergraduates requires more sophistication and judgment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration in first aid core skills of emergency public training in Shanghai Hu Yanqi, Cai Qiaoling, Qin Xiaolong, Li Chenlei, Gao Jing, Tang Hongmei 2017, 37 (1):  28-32.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.006 Abstract ( 20 )   PDF (939KB) ( 14 )   Objective To determine the trainingObjective and core training skills through survey and analysis of the demand of first aid knowledge.Methods Questionaire survey has been carried out among professional personnel of Shanghai's Emergency Centers and physicians and nurses from Emergency Department of hospitals in Shanghai using self-designed questionnare which was modified on the basis of pilot experiment. Investigation and statistical analysis of fundamental state of the interviewee and first aid techniques requried for the fist aid personnel has been performed there after.Results 3000 questionaires had been distributed and 2655 had been retrieved of which 1953 were valid. Among all the interviewees, 1011 (51.8%) were pre-hospital first aid group (physician, supporting staff, driver and administrative staff) and 942 (48.2%) were in-hospital group (physicians and nurses). Highest recognition was attributed to 11 techniques from four different modules (Basic life support, bleeding control and fixation, patient transportation and basic airway management). None statistical significance of recognition on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator was observed between pre-hospital group and in-hospital group (P>0.05). While for other 9 techniques in-hospital group believe they are more important, which was statistically different (P<0.05).Conclusions Popularization of first aid training is needed which can be divided into two groups based on their occupations: (1) General first aid training, (2) Professional first aid training. Different training can be provided based on their requirement of first aid techniques. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation would be the main part of the general first aid training. For the professional training, first aid techniques like basic life support, bleeding control and fixation, patient transportation and basic airway management can be the main training modules. Training pattern with objective, effectiveness and different training group can be achieved via standardized training course and practical training methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The attitudes of medical professions undergraduates towards inter-professional collaboration: An investigation research Wang Xiyi, Hu Yun 2017, 37 (1):  33-38.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.007 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (944KB) ( 20 )   Objective To assess the attitudes of undergraduates in medical major towards interprofessional team collaboration under current medical education and to analyze the possible influencing factors.Methods Totally 389 the health care professional undergraduates, who majored in five-year clinical medicine and preventive medicine, four-year nursing, clinical laboratory and nutrition in graduates of 2014/ 2015 in a university of medicine in Shanghai, were surveyed by Readiness of Interprofessional Learning Scale(RIPLS).Results The evaluation instrument, RIPLS shows that the median score of health care professional undergraduates was 75.00. According to the marking criterion, 252 samples has a total score higher than 71.25. By regression analysis, the correlation coefficient between demographic factors and the attitudes of interprofessional collaboration are from 0.102 to 0.300(P<0.05).Conclusions The health care professional undergraduates showed positive attitude towards interprofessional collaboration. However, the understanding of roles and responsibility was impercipient among most students. And it is essential to develop interprofessional collaboration via interprofessional education in undergraduate education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The brief analysis of small private online course application in the computer basis of “5+3” training model Zhao Xiangkun, Wu Wenfang, Chen Hui, Jing Bin, Liu Dongdong 2017, 37 (1):  39-43.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.008 Abstract ( 20 )   PDF (935KB) ( 9 )   “5+3” training model refers to the integration of culture five years for qualified students in medical colleges passed directly into the graduate school, which is an effective join of standardized training of resident with 3-year clinical master degree education. The student who has undergone the “5+3” integration with three years of clinical convergence, is not only the force of the medical team, but also the future group of medical university data application and research. The computer basic education hours are decreasing for “5+3” training students, but the task of it is very arduous. Based on the stringent dilemma of education hours and training requirement, the content and characteristics of computer basic education hours of face-to-face teaching and web-based learning are analyzed in detail. The content of face-to-face teaching and self-oriented learning on Internet are designed based on small private online course (SPOC) and the assessment methods of them are explored. A number of SPOC flipped classroom cases are designed to cultivate the students' computational thinking literacy and capability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on curriculum of pharmacoepidemiology for clinical pharmacy and advices from clinical pharmacist Luo Can, Qian Haisheng, Zhang Huaiping, Zou Ying, Zhang Ji, Tang Shaowen 2017, 37 (1):  44-47.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.009 Abstract ( 42 )   PDF (920KB) ( 15 )   Objective To investigate the current major status of curriculum about pharmacoepidemiology for clinical pharmacy and the need of clinical pharmacist for knowledge of pharmacoepidemiology, and to provide some reference for adding or reform the curriculum setting.Methods Reading literatures and browsing related websites were used to collect data, and network technology was used to survey in the members from Clinical Pharmacist Branch of Jiangsu Pharmacists Association.Results A total of 35 colleges and universities provided undergraduate programs of clinical pharmacy in 2016, and only 7 universities offered the course of pharmacoepidemiology. 178 clinical pharmacists finished the survey. 61.2% (109/178) and 9.6% (17/178) clinical pharmacists understood and were familiar with pharmacoepidemiology, and 53.9% (96/178) and 42.1% (75/178) considered it very necessary and necessary to offer pharmacoepidemiology course, respectively. 64.6% (115/178) clinical pharmacists thought that teaching objects were undergraduates and postgraduates of clinical pharmacy. 88.2% (157/178) and 89.3% (159/178) thought that teaching contents were pharmacoepidemiology methods and statistical analysis, respectively.Conclusions There is a gap between curriculum setting of pharmacoepidemiology and the need for pharmacopathological knowledge of clinical pharmacists. It is advisable to incorporate pharmacoepidemiology into the teaching system of clinical pharmacy undergraduate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The investigation and countermeasure of present teaching situation of evidence-based medicine on undergraduate in health management Luo Sheng,Zhang Jin, Li Wei 2017, 37 (1):  48-51.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.010 Abstract ( 23 )   PDF (977KB) ( 14 )   Objective The study aims to survey the present teaching situation of Evidence-based Medicine(EBM)in health management and explore the teaching methods to improve the teaching effect.Methods 120 undergraduate students of Weifang Medical University who selected EBM courses were given questionnaires.The knowledge,attitude,practice and barriers were compared.Results There was a significant increase of knowledge after the training;The students can not think highly of the use of literature. The“poor ability to critically appraise literatures”is the most important barrier.Conclusions Combined with the needs of health management professional Improve students'cognition,so as to make students participate in teaching and learning process. Teaching mode and content of courses should be adjusted and the evaluation of long-term effect should be made. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring on the curriculum provision for continuing medical education of rural medical and health workers in Wuling mountain area Li Xiaoyang, Xiong Zhengnan, Duan Yufeng, Xu Yanshan, Zhang Lixia, Hu Changjun, Pu Quanzhou, Zhu Xinhong, Zhang Guanghui, Lian Xiaoling, Peng Aili, He Xiaojin 2017, 37 (1):  52-56.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.011 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (934KB) ( 9 )   Objective Based on the field investigation results about the continuing medical education needs of rural doctors and health workers in village and township hospitals in 18 counties of 4 provinces in Wuling mountain area, this paper discusses the strategies to construct curriculum and curriculum system to meet this need with the aim of steadily bolstering a suitable continuing medical education for rural medical and health workers in Wuling mountain area.Methods Questionnaires about demand for continuing medical education filled out by rural doctors and health workers in village and township hospitals are investigated, and related information about the construction of curriculum and curriculum system provided by rural medical and health workers and basic health institutions in Wuling mountain area is collected.Results 37 village and township hospitals and 182 village clinics including 233 health workers and 202 rural doctors (435 in total) are investigated, who think the knowledge and skills about basic medical care, basic health service, health regulations, basic health management and interpersonal communication are what they need most, and training education and academic education are the best continuing medical education for them. The courses that should be set up most are those meeting their urgent needs for knowledge and skill timely.Conclusions Continuing medical education curriculum should be set up appropriately according to rural health workers' needs of knowledge, skill in Wuling mountain areas and the construction of curriculum system should be promoted steadily to meet the demand for training education and academic education in time, in order to cultivate rural medical and health workers who can provide effective medicine and health care service for urban and rural residents in Wuling mountain area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Demand and evaluation of medical students in general education Ma Junhong 2017, 37 (1):  57-60.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.012 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (913KB) ( 13 )   Objective To raise suggestions on the reform and development of general education in medical colleges through investigating and analyzing the demands and evaluations of medical students on general education.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the medical students from grade 2010 to grade 2014 in a university.Results Most medical students thought it is necessary to carry out general education in medical colleges but the current curriculum of general education couldn't meet their needs. Class schedule, not understanding the course content and the limitation on class size were the main confusion when students selected courses. Most students thought that the degree of their participation in general education curriculum is low.Conclusions Medical colleges should optimize the teaching pattern, improve the curriculum information and elective system based on the rich general education resources to meet the needs of medical students in general education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the progressive training and diversified evaluation systems of medical humanistic spirit for“5+3”model Li Changjin, Duan Zhijun, Chang Qingyong, Li Yuan, Wang Liya, Yang Dong, Sun Xiaoyu, Yi Guilan, Yao Yiwen, Liu Li, Du Jianling 2017, 37 (1):  61-64.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.013 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (921KB) ( 16 )   By combing and studying the literature and experience of training and evaluation of humanistic spirit of medical students at different stages, this paper explores and constructs continuous and gradual training and evaluation system for medical humanities at different stages of medical students, hoping to make medical students accepting “5 +3” integrated training achieve the humanistic spirit from the outside to the inside, from the primary to the advanced, from the formation to the perfect,to promote the medical level and improve the medical environment of our country. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An analysis of connotation of medical students' ethical values based on the core socialist values Liu Kuikui, Zhang Lina, Qu Haiying 2017, 37 (1):  65-68.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.014 Abstract ( 35 )   PDF (976KB) ( 10 )   Objective To investigate the connotation and features of medical students' ethical values under the core socialist values background, providing reference for medical ethics education.Methods Using technical literature analysis, questionnaires, behavioral event interviews and other ways to composition analysis the ethical values characteristic of medical students.Results The components of medical students' ethical values characteristic are 12 items, they are respect life, scientific rigor, legal awareness, responsibility, teamwork, professional roles consciousness, informed consent, fairness and justice, favorable but no injuries, medical optimization, honesty and autonomous.Conclusions Strengthen ethics education in medical education to reduce or avoid the ethical anomie between doctors and patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on comprehensive system construction of medical humanities education Zhu Lifang, Bie Mingke,Bi Yujian, Zhai Yuzhen, Cui Wen 2017, 37 (1):  69-72.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.015 Abstract ( 27 )   PDF (976KB) ( 24 )   The scientific and humanities features of medical science and modern medical model transferred from biological to biological—psychological—social determine the necessity of medical humanities education. It is also required by the exiting social problems of physician-patient relations that higher medical education should pay more attention to humanistic quality cultivation based on reflections on sole scientific education. Jining Medical University has strived to explore in comprehensive medical humanities education system construction in such aspects as curriculum designing, integration of medical science and humanistic spirits, creation of education platforms and research base and campus culture construction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An investigation on the alienation status of low-grade students in a medical college Liu Yudan, Xu Qinglong, Shi Liuwei, Yang Shu 2017, 37 (1):  73-76.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.016 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (915KB) ( 12 )   Objective To understand the alienation status of junior grade students in a medical college, helping them adapt to college life soon, raise the psychological health level, and set up healthy personality.Methods 428 first and second grade college students in North Sichuan Medical College were investigated using Reformed Alienation Scale from April to May in 2015.Results The average of alienation score was 3.45 and total alienation score was significant different(P=0.03)between diverse academic records. Self sense of uncertainty was significantly affected by grades, family economics and academic records(all P<0.05). Sense of not involved was significant different(P<0.05)between distinct academic records. Sense of powerlessness was significant different between grades, family economics, genders and whether only-child or not(all P<0.05). Sense of being controlled was significant different between family economics, genders, and ever been in love or not(all P<0.05).Conclusions The alienation status of junior medical college is in the middle level; and the total alienation and its all dimensionalities have different influence factors. According to the characteristics of junior students, psychological health education activities should be carried out to raise the level of medical students' mental health. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The investigation about the self adjustment of learning adaptability of freshmen in medical college Fei Kongjun, Wang Hongen 2017, 37 (1):  77-81.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.017 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (987KB) ( 9 )   Objective To investigate the self adjustment of learning adaptability of freshmen in medical college, to provide relevant theoretical basis and data support for the more reasonable and effective development of education and teaching reform.Methods Using ULAI to measure the learning adaptability of freshmen 1 years after admission, to explore the self adjustment of learning adaptability.Results After 1 year study in medical college, all the 5 factor score and total score of ULAI of freshmen were all higher than those in the primary school, and the differences in learning motivation, learning ability and total score of ULAI has statistically significant (P<0.05).In gender, both male and female freshmen has higher score of 5 factor score and total score of ULAI than those in the primary school, but only the differences of male freshmen in learning motivation, learning ability and total score of ULAI has statistically significant (P<0.05).In profession, all the freshmen has higher score of 5 factor score and total score of ULAI than those in the primary school, there are still some differences in the adjustment of learning adaptability between different professions.Conclusions After 1 year study in medical college, the freshmen can improve their learning adaptability to a certain extent. However, there are still some differences in learning adaptability between different professional freshmen, the relevant education teaching reform should be carried out according to the professional setting and curriculum setting. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Qualitative research in male undergraduates' professional identity in nursing profession Chai Shouxia, Zhang Xuelin,Jia Yanyan 2017, 37 (1):  82-88.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.018 Abstract ( 44 )   PDF (1083KB) ( 19 )   Objective To understand the status of the professional identity about the male nursing undergraduates, and to provide a reference for the training and education of the students.Methods Adopting a convenience sampling method, we interviewed 12 nursing students in Hubei University of Medicine ,and 9 at school and 3 in clinical internship in the form of interviews, and then the information was collated and analyzed.Results 41.67% of the male nursing students was passive career, the professional identity of male nursing students was lower compared to previous years of others' research,but that was an upward trend.Conclusions Nursing education should enhance professional and ideological education, and appropriately increase the students' hands-on opportunity to deepen the reform of nursing education, improve the occupational identity of the male nursing students, and reduce the turnover rate of male nursing students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the role of network-aided instruction system in teaching of physiology Li Haitao, Li Yuming 2017, 37 (1):  89-93.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.019 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (932KB) ( 5 )   As quality and innovative ability culture being more important in higher medical education, the network-aided instruction could provide novel methods in physiology teaching. Web-based course of human physiology has been constructed by Department of Medical Functional Science, Capital Medical University Yanjing Medical College. With the help of web-based physiology course, communications between students or teachers were enhanced and autonomous learning behaviors of students were improved. The results of teaching evaluation revealed that network-aided instruction improved the efficiency of physiological teaching. Well designed network-aided physiological teaching protocol and superior methodology will attract efficiently learning interest and improve comprehensive abilities of the students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on direct observation of procedural skills in teaching of fungal microscopic examination Zhang Siping, Wang Juan 2017, 37 (1):  94-98.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.020 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (991KB) ( 10 )   Objective To explore the application of direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) in clinical practice teaching of fungal microscopic examination.Methods Sixty clinical medicine undergraduate students graded 2011 in Anhui Medical University were random divided into 2 groups, thirty students in both experimental group and control group. Direct observation of procedural skills teaching method was adopted in experimental group, while traditional teaching method was adopted in control group. The teaching results of two different methods of teaching were valued by DOPS and questionnaire survey.Results (1) There was no significant difference in the first item “ the degree of familiar with indication and operation steps” between the two groups, the scores of the other items were higher in experimental group students, the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05).(2) There was no significant difference in the identification of fungal positive rate between the two groups, the time to identify positive results was shorter in experimental group(P=0.024).(3) At the end of probation the questionnaire showed that 93.3% of the students in the experimental group were more satisfied with this new way of teaching.Conclusions Direct observation of procedural skills teaching method achieved good results in the teaching of fungal microscopic examination. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Autonomous learning model of pathophysiology based on platform of Worlduc.com Ma Yingxuan, Yao Fang, Zuo Qian, Luo Shan, Deng Huafei 2017, 37 (1):  99-101.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.021 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (903KB) ( 10 )   Objective To explore autonomous learning model of pathophysiology based on platform of Worlduc.com.Methods The questionnaire was implemented in the Grade 2012 of clinical medicine in Xiangnan University to understand the usage of Worlduc.com. The class 6-7 and 10-11 were randomly selected as the control and reform group respectively. The latter adopted autonomous learning mode based on Worlduc.com combination-integration, cooperation and communication. Students'examination were analyzed and questionnaire survey was carried out.Results 57.4%(251/437) of the students of clinical medicine used Worlduc.com for autonomous learning, but 39.8% (100/251) of them used it under the supervision of school or parents. 93.5%(100/107) of the students of the reform group accepted the teaching model, moreover, their learning achievement and ability of autonomous learning were significantly higher than those of the control group.Conclusions The model of Worlduc.com combination-integration, cooperation and communication can improve the ability of autonomous learning and be helpful to teach. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on the application of Deming cycle to improve the ability of the nurse to identify electrocardiogram 2017, 37 (1):  102-106.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.022 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (1103KB) ( 8 )   Objective To investigate the effect of Deming cycle method to improve the ability of the nurse to identify arrhythmia.Methods Taking 150 nurses in Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital as the research object. According to the department,they were divided into experimental group(n=75)and the control group(n=75).In the experimental group,we introduced Deming cycle into the electrocardiogram knowledge and skills training of nurses. In the control group,we took conventional training method .After the training,the theory and operation skills assessment,qualified rate of nursing quality in critical patients and nurse's job satisfaction were used together to evaluate the effect of the training after practice.Results The score of ECG theories and the comprehensive capacity assessment of the electrocardiogram in nurses in observation group were significantly better than in the control group (P＜0.01),The qualification rate of critically ill patients care and nurses' satisfaction of incumbency training in observation group were also better than in the control group,achieving the goals of improving the care quality,and ensuring medical safety.Conclusions The electrocardiogram training for nurses with Deming cycle had the advantage of convenience, high efficiency and continuous improvement. The abilities of comprehensive application of ECG knowledge, observation and specialized nursing level were effectively improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 3D printing technology on problem-based learning model in cardiac surgery clinical teaching Wu Song, Zhang Zhe, Ling Yunpeng, Cui Zhongqi, Zhao Hong, Xu Min, Feng Haibo, Zheng Huiping, Zhang Lufeng, Xie Jiyan, Wan Feng 2017, 37 (1):  107-110.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.023 Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (983KB) ( 39 )   Objective To explore and evaluate the teaching effect of the 3D printing technology applied for the PBL model in cardiac surgery clinical teaching.Methods 100 clinical medicine students of eight-year program of grade 2011was as the test group,and 100 clinical medicine students of eight-year program of grade 2010was as the control group. In test group, we introducedthe 3D printing technology to the PBL model in cardiac surgery clinical teaching.The traditional teaching aidswere applied for PBL model in control group. After the course,the teaching effect was evaluated by examination and questionnaire.Results Through the 3D printing technology teaching aids,the students adapted to clinical practice and training more quickly,mastered the key learning points and methods better than them in control group (P<0.05).Conclusions 3D printing technology applied for the PBL model is a promising method in cardiac surgery clinical teaching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Graduation practice of general practice on clinical medicine major undergraduate in clinical teaching hospital Qi Dianjun, Yu Kai, Wang Shuang, Yu Xiaosong 2017, 37 (1):  111-115.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.024 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (932KB) ( 5 )   Objective To implement and evaluate clinical practice of general practice on clinical medicine specialty undergraduate in clinical teaching hospital.Methods 144 undergraduates of clinical medicine specialty in China medical university randomly divided into experimental group (72 undergraduates) and the control group (72 undergraduates). The experimental group took part in graduation practice in general practice department in the first affiliated hospital of China Medical University ward for a week, while the control group took part in graduation practice in other medicine department ward in the first affiliated hospital of China Medical University ward for a week. The examination, questionnaire and interviewing method were used to evaluate the teaching effectiveness. SPSS 11.5 was used for statistical analysis.Results The results of the experimental and satisfaction did not show statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group (P>0.05). In the result of questionnaire survey, the awareness of the experimental group about GP system, department of general practice in tertiary hospital, referral system between community and large hospital, sequential service of general practitioner and coordination service of general practitioner was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). The possibility of the experimental group in the future working in general practice is significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions Graduation practice of general practice in clinical teaching hospital perfected the teaching system in general practice, increased the awareness of general medicine and the possibility of the students in the future working in general practice, and is of practical significance to the development of general medicine and the establishment of the GP system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Promoting the reform of clinical teaching of ophthalmology with the opportunity of clinical skills competition Yin Lu, Lu Shuming, Ma Xiang, Zhang Weisheng, Li Chunyan, Xu Chi, Zheng Yue 2017, 37 (1):  116-119.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.025 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (1037KB) ( 8 )   Summing up the training experiences of clinical skills competition for medical students in medical colleges and universities in China for six consecutive years was done. The characteristics of clinical practice teaching of clinical skills in ophthalmology were studied in the paper. Problems and deficiencies were analyzed in the teaching of clinical skills. It was significant to explore an effective way to promote the reform of ophthalmic clinical teaching. In order to promote the improvement of clinical teaching quality in ophthalmic science, it is advisable to explore a set of reform programs, such as strengthening the construction of teaching hardware in clinical practice, focusing on the cultivation of students' clinical thinking and humanistic quality, emphasizing the optimization of professional skills practice teaching management system, etc. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey of the bidirectional relationship between medical postgraduates and graduate tutor in Henan Province Sun Qingya, Wan Youdong, Sun Tongwen, Kan Quancheng 2017, 37 (1):  120-124.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.026 Abstract ( 20 )   PDF (990KB) ( 10 )   In order to survey the mutual satisfaction between graduate tutor and medical postgraduates in postgraduate education,and the problem and its reasons of training in postgraduates. The supervisors and postgraduate students of 11 teaching hospitals in Henan province were surveyed with questionnaire and statistically analyzed. The graduate tutor and postgraduate students were surveyed of viewpoints on the main criteria of postgraduate training quality,training model and method and mutual satisfaction. A high degree of satisfaction among graduate tutor and graduate students was shown,but postgraduates and graduate tutors had different viewpoints on the purpose of postgraduate education and emphasis. The training model needs to be individualized for different types of postgraduate. More communication was needed to establish a healthy mode of postgraduates and their graduate tutors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The implications of “zone of proximal development” theory for postgraduate medical English teaching Zhu Xiaoshu, Chang Xiaodan 2017, 37 (1):  125-128.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.027 Abstract ( 44 )   PDF (989KB) ( 11 )   One of the major theories carried out by Vygotsky is the zone of proximal development (ZPD). In order to promote the potential medical English learning development of postgraduate students, teachers should make full sense of individual's ZPD. On the basis of introducing the concept and advantages of ZPD, this article discusses the significance and application of the theory in postgraduate medical English teaching in the affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, so as to provide references in teaching and learning medical English. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the outcome-based assessment of plaster fixation of residents Qi Xin, Zhai Wei, Zhang Daojian, Li Yan, Lu qian, Jin Zhe, Li Haichao 2017, 37 (1):  129-133.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.028 Abstract ( 23 )   PDF (992KB) ( 9 )   Objective To compare the difference between procedure-based assessment and outcome-based assessment in plaster fixation examination and provide basis for assessing the clinical competency of surgical residents.Methods A total of 31 postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) surgery residents who had been trained in the Surgical School of Peking University First Hospital for 1 year were enrolled in the study. A station of plaster fixation was set to simulate lateral malleolus fracture and subjectively evaluated by procedure-based assessment. Besides, the plaster fixation final results were assessed by subjective assessment, empirical judgment andObjective measurement in order to compare the difference, similarity and correlation among them.Results The average score of the plaster test was (80.32±7.19), and the average dressing time was (8.90±2.12) min. The average heel pressure at the end of dressing was (20.94±18.25) mmHg, while the ankle pressure was (5.74±5.01) mmHg. There was no significant difference in subjective score of the group whose ankle pressure up to standard and the group whose were not. There was no significant difference in the heel pressure between moderate group and looser group considered by clinical tightness (P＞0.05), while there was significant difference in the ankle pressure (P＜0.05). The consistency between the three methods was 67.7%, but there was no correlation between the three methods. In addition, there was significant difference in score between the residents who have had or not the orthopedic rotation.Conclusions The study suggests that existing procedure-based assessment could not evaluate the actual result of plaster fixation effectively, while outcome-based assessment could compensate this kind of deficiency. It could help improve residents' competency efficiently and effectively based on standardizing their operation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation and thinking of test scores and examination paper for nuclear medicine course in eight years program students Yan Ping, Wang Rongfu,Zhang Chunli, Fan Yan, Fu Zhanli, Zhang Xuchu, Zhang Jianhua 2017, 37 (1):  134-138.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.029 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (1097KB) ( 20 )   Objective To evaluate and reflection the test scores and examination paper of nuclear medicine course examination for 2004~2008 level of eight-year program medical students in Beijing University First Hospital, and to provide more scientific and reasonable exams.Methods According to grade control method, SPSS software was used to deal with the examination paper design and test scores, and analyze test difficulty and discrimination.Results 5 exam grade students average score was between 37.3~40.4 points, full score of 50 points, the average pass rate of 98.1%. The test scores showed a normal distribution. The difficulty of examination papers increased along with memory questions types reduced andObjective questions cases increased and optimized. Only at the range of appropriate high test difficulty the discrimination will tend to be good.Conclusions The course examination should pay attention to the coverage of the examination paper. The test questions would mainly be contained of master, application and case mix in order to make the appropriate high test difficulty and the good discrimination. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on evaluation index and methods on practice effectiveness of five-year preventive medicine undergraduate students Wang Hao, Zheng Yujian, Xie Huiling 2017, 37 (1):  139-143.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.030 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (983KB) ( 9 )   To improve teaching quality and achieve standardized management of practice teaching,20 experts from related fields involved in two rounds of Delphy consultation through post letter or email from April to June in 2017 to insure evaluation index and methods of practice effective of preventive medicine undergraduate students, index weight would be ensured using coefficient of variation. Evaluation index included 40 indictors and covered 7 domains, such as medicine theories and methods, preventive medicine theories and methods, professional theories and skills, theories and methods on health management and social mobilization, scientific research abilities, comprehensive quality and work attendance. There were 6 evaluation methods of practice effectiveness including written examination(W), W+operation(P), W+daily performance(D), oral examination+daily performance, oral examination and operation. The evaluation index and methods on practice effectiveness of preventive medicine undergraduate students have better practical application value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The construction and application of medical students information literacy evaluation index system Hu Shuyu, Zhang Yunli, Fu Chungang 2017, 37 (1):  144-147.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.031 Abstract ( 39 )   PDF (911KB) ( 25 )   In determining the connotation of information literacy, this paper analyzes the present situation and the demand of medical students information literacy, in Jinzhou Medical University and related colleges and universities. According to the outcome of the investigation of medical student information literacy and information literacy training of ability standard, in combination with the practical situation of medical students, medical student information literacy evaluation index system is established. According to the index system the medical student real situation of information literacy can scientifically and objectively evaluated. It could be as the basis of cultivating medical students' information literacy. Index system was implemented and achieved good results. It played a positive role for cultivating medical student information consciousness, improving medical students' information ability, setting up the concept of lifelong learning, and cultivating information morality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Qualification system of dietitian and education of nutrition in Japan Tang Wenjing, Mao Xuanxia, Saito Toshiko, Kito Yasuhiro, Shen Xiuhua 2017, 37 (1):  148-152.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.032 Abstract ( 138 )   PDF (1028KB) ( 70 )   The Japanese qualification system and training for dietitian are comparatively developed, and their experience certainly merits our reference. In this article, we mainly introduced the Japanese nutrition legislation, the training system of registered dietitian, the national examination of registered dietitian, and continuing education system of registered dietitian in Japan. We also took Niigata University of Health and Welfare as an example to introduce the Japanese undergraduate education programe for dietitian. This article provided important reference for the development and improvement of the registered dietitian system in our country. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The inspirations based on problems in the University of Delaware to education reform of the universities of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China Yuan Kaihui, Zhang Tingli, Xiang Leyuan 2017, 37 (1):  153-160.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.01.033 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (1093KB) ( 16 )   This thesis thoroughly introduces the method of PBL in University of Delaware. Its PBL has broken the procedural and separately displayed model. The design of PBL focuses on social reality and complexity and stresses learners' attitudes, integrity of multiple subjects, problem-solving ability and various teaching goals. Though there are various PBL presentations, the core of PBL teaching design lies in real social problems, learning initiative, group study and inquiring learning. On this basis, taking the PBL teaching mode in classic literature of Chinese medicine at Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine as an example, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the teaching reform of medicine colleges and universities in China: We can get some hints from its experiences.Teaching reform of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) should guide students to develop in a comprehensive way and require teachers to enhance their academic ability from various aspects. Instead of combining different disciplines, the PBL reform of TCM should piece together PBL in one discipline with module PBL and make the design and implementation of PBL featured by different phases and levels. References | Related Articles | Metrics