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Analysis of the problems, sources and strategies of medical education in China Chen Xinyu, Qin Huai- jin, Wu Ning, Lyu Zhaofeng 2017, 37 (5):  641-648.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.001 Abstract ( 146 )   PDF (1003KB) ( 88 )   To sum up the problems existing in medical education by literature review and relevant personnel interviews, to analyze the root cause of the problems by brainstorming and expert consultation, to put forward the solution strategies by author's knowledge of medical education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring and innovating the graduate students training model in the discipline of sciences in clinical research Zhang Xiaofang, Yang Jia, Xu Yan, Wang Yanfang, Li Haiyan,Wu Yangfeng 2017, 37 (5):  649-651.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.002 Abstract ( 52 )   PDF (861KB) ( 21 )   To meet the urgent needs for expertise in clinical research in China, Peking University established the graduate training program of sciences in clinical research in November 2013 as the first in the country. To ensure the high quality of this discipline, a research group was established to explore and innovate the training plan, including training objectives, curriculum system, teaching methods, and practice of sciences in clinical research. Meanwhile, a solid support system was established on the discipline management, faculty team building, student examination and evaluation, and quality control assurance. A scientific and practical talents training model was built up and achievements have been seen now with these efforts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Qualitative research on carrying out injury prevention professional education in the medical colleges and universities Sun Ye, Wang Shumei, Chen Yao, Ye Zhuofeng, Qu Shuangxiao 2017, 37 (5):  652-656.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.003 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (887KB) ( 19 )   Objective To understand the development of injury prevention education at home and abroad and explore the contents and methods of injury prevention education in Chinese medical colleges and universities, through in-depth interviews with experts in field of injury prevention.Methods With semi-structured interview, one to one in-depth interviews are conducted with domestic and foreign experts. After the interview, transcription was performed and the materials were summarized with thematic analysis.Results It is very important to carry out injury prevention education among medical students, especially those of public health major.Medical colleges should set up general education for all medical students and professional education of injury prevention for students of public health.Injury prevention general education should include first aid skills, daily life skills to prevent injury. Considering the capacity requirements of injury prevention work, injury prevention professional education should focus on communication skills, analytical skills, practical ability and project ability.Conclusions The general education of injury prevention should be integrated into the existing education system. To carry out injury prevention education, medical colleges and universities should start from the establishment of core competencies and promote the establishment of different levels of injury prevention courses. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The construction and optimization of teaching performance evaluation and management system Liu Jiashuai, Wang Ying, Li Haichao 2017, 37 (5):  657-660.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.004 Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (1017KB) ( 50 )   In order to improve the purpose and pertinence of teaching, Peking University First Hospital established the teaching performance evaluation and management system,and organized implementation accordingly. Management tools such as the PDCA cycle was used to improve the teaching performance indicators, teaching performance evaluation system and teaching performance management information system. A more scientific and reasonable teaching performance evaluation and management system was established so as to promote the healthy development of teaching work. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on transformation of teaching concepts and reform of education and teaching in local medical universities Li Shuling, Yang Chen, Lu Hai, Gao Li, Si Chuanping 2017, 37 (5):  661-664.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.005 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (875KB) ( 8 )   In order to improve the level of education and teaching in local medical colleges and universities, according to its own education and teaching situation, Jining Medical University has introduced a series of policies and measures. It not only puts forward more innovative teaching ideas, but also supports the whole school teachers to carry out various forms of education and teaching reform research. Based on the analysis of the reform and development in recent years, this paper summarizes the experience and puts forward some pertinent suggestions, hoping to provide reference for the reform of other medical colleges and universities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the current status of medical student's critical thinking ability and its influencing factors Yu Qiuli, Gong Huiyun, Zhu Junyong, Zeng Xiantao, Liu Qing 2017, 37 (5):  665-669.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.006 Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (885KB) ( 41 )   Objective To investigate the current status of medical student's critical thinking ability and its influencing factor.Methods 320 medical students from the Medical School of Wuhan University were selected for investigation. Chinese Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory(CTDI-CV)was adopted for the survey.Results The average total score of CTDI-CV of the medical students was (244.97±30.03), and only 10.0% of the students showed positive critical thinking ability. Student's critical thinking ability was weak. Gender, education, grade and practical ability were the main influencing factors of critical thinking ability in medical students. In critical thinking ability, female was significantly stronger than male, graduates were superior to undergraduates and high grade medical students were better than junior medical students. The stronger students' clinical competence and ability of documents index were, the better their critical thinking ability were.Conclusions Colleges and universities should improve teaching methods to develop critical thinking ability of students majored in medicine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the relationship between professional identity, time management disposition and achievement motivation of nursing undergraduates You Shuping, Tao Ning, Lin Sulan, Muhedesi Siyiti, Xia Huiling, Jiang Hong, Liu Tao 2017, 37 (5):  670-675.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.007 Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (1024KB) ( 21 )   Objective To understand the status of professional identity of nursing undergraduate students in a university in Xinjiang and its relationship with time management disposition and achievement motivation, and to provide reference for the stability of nursing team and the development of nursing science.Methods Through a stratified cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the professional identity, time management disposition and achievement motivation of 679 undergraduate nursing students from 4 grades.Results There were differences in professional identity and scores in different dimensions of undergraduate nursing students of different sex, grade and ethnicity, which were statistically significant.There were positive correlations between the four dimensions and total scores of undergraduate nursing students' professional recognition the three dimensions and total scores of time management disposition. The influencing factors of professional identity were the value of the time management, self-efficacy of time management, motivation of pursuing success, motivation of avoiding failure, monitoring sense of time management, and the time management disposition and achievement motivation positively affected the professional identity.Conclusions The professional identity of undergraduate nursing students was closely related to time management tendency and achievement motivation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reform and exploration of integrated labor field experimental teaching of occupational hygiene aiming at improving students' ability Wang Yun, Zhao Qian, Jia Guang, He Lihua, Ma Wenjun 2017, 37 (5):  676-679.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.008 Abstract ( 20 )   PDF (874KB) ( 7 )   As an applied subject within the preventive medicine, the teaching object of occupational hygiene should focus on training students' practical ability for application of knowledge. This study took undergraduate of preventive medicine in Peking University as subjects, adopted comprehensive experiment and student-centered teaching methods, and aimed to train and improve students' ability to carry out occupational health activities and integrate knowledge on their innovation performance through role-play and hands-on experience. The effects of teaching reform and students' preference were evaluated using observation, interview and questionnaire survey. The survey shows that students are higher satisfied with this teaching reform, comprehensive on-site experimental teaching has obvious advantages to enhance students' ability and comprehensive quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of gamification teaching in medical university Lou Huifang, Liu Yijun 2017, 37 (5):  680-682.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.009 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (864KB) ( 11 )   Technological achievements in networking, education and automation are driving innovation and evolution of traditional teaching, especially in medical education. As a novel concept in medical education, gamification applies game mechanics and game design techniques to engage and motivate students to achieve education goals. The application of gamification-based learning in medical education was summarized, and it was pointed out that gamification is a flexible and potential way to advance medical learning. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A preliminary study on the teaching method of “sandwich” in epidemiology teaching Hu Jing, Ma Fei 2017, 37 (5):  683-686.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.010 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (879KB) ( 11 )   Objective To investigate the effect of “sandwich” teaching method in epidemiology teaching and improve the learning effect of medical students on epidemiology knowledge.Methods A total of 120 undergraduates of five-year preventive medicine in Tianjin Medical University were selected as the subjects. The students were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group adopted the “sandwich” teaching method while the control group adopted the traditional teaching method to compare the influence of the two teaching methods on the students' academic achievement and the students' identity rate.Results The average theoretical scores, the case analysis scores, the total scores and the teaching identity rate were all higher than which in the control group.Conclusions “Sandwich” teaching method is superior to the traditional teaching method, which is a good way to popularize epidemiology teaching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Flipped classroom teaching method in dental anatomy teaching Wang Kunpeng, Shen Dai, Ma Hengxiang, Huang Xin, Meng Zhaosong, Sun Jun, Cao Yaqing, Zhang Tingting 2017, 37 (5):  687-690.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.011 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (878KB) ( 17 )   Objective To evaluate the Flipped classroom applied in dental anatomy as well as the cultivation of students' ability.Methods Four classes of stomatological grade 2015, Clinical Medical College of Tianjin Medical University were selected, of which two applied Flipped classroom and the other two applied traditional teaching model. The effect of Flipped classroom was evaluated through the comparative analysis of examination scores and students' subjective evaluation.Results The students' closed-book examination and wax teeth carving performance were significantly improved by Flipped classroom(Closed-book examination t=2.370,P=0.018;wax teeth carving performance Z=2.064,P=0.039). Flipped classroom is advantageous for the cultivation of learning interest, learning efficiency and self-learning ability, as well as students' ability of thinking, communication and teamwork.Conclusions Flipped classroom is not only beneficial for mastering the knowledge and skills of dental anatomy, but also the cultivation of students' comprehensive ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Seminar method combined with case-based learning in clinical teaching of general medicine Wu Wei, Zhai Guiying, Wang Xiaofei, Xue Ling 2017, 37 (5):  691-695.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.012 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (893KB) ( 13 )   Objective To evaluate the effect of application of Seminar combined with case-based learning(CBL) teaching in clinical teaching of General medicine.Methods From September 2015 to June 2016, students who were clinical practiced in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University were randomly divided into 60 people in experimental group, 60 people in the traditional teaching group, and 60 people in the problem-based learning (PBL) group. The experimental group was used by Seminar combined with case teaching.Results The scores of theoretical evaluation test, clinical skills assessment, etc in the experimental group were all better than those of the traditional teaching group (all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference of the scores of theoretical evaluation test between the experimental group and the PBL group (LSD-t=2.635, P＞0.05), while the rest of four scores were better than the PBL group (all P＜0.05).The degree of students' satisfaction to teaching method in experimental group was higher than the traditional teaching group. While there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the PBL group (χ2=0.702, P＞0.05).Conclusions The effect of application of Seminar teaching method combined with the case-based learning is better than the traditional teaching methods. Compared with the PBL teaching method, this new teaching method can further improve the students' achievement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on the teaching of pathology combined with clinical medicine Wang Xinping, Xie Xin, Liu Yan, Hu Zhihong, Zheng Meirong 2017, 37 (5):  696-699.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.013 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (877KB) ( 8 )   Objective To explore the effect of pathology combined with clinical medicine in the teaching of pathology.Methods In Jiujiang University 64 five-year program medical students in grade 2012 and 2013 were selected as the research object, 34 students of grade 2012 were as control group using traditional teaching method, 30 students of grade 2013 were as experimental group adopting pathology combined with clinical medicine teaching. The teaching effects of the teaching methods were analyzed through final examination, pathological analysis report and self-evaluation of students.Results The scores of final examination of experimental group were better than those of control group , there was statistical difference (P＜0.05), and the experimental group' evaluation of their teaching method was high. Moreover, the abilities of experimental group of the clinical case analysis with related basic subject knowledge were improved.Conclusions Pathology teaching combined with clinical medicine could be helpful to mobilize students' enthusiasm and initiative, cultivate students' comprehensive ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of diversified teaching model in nursing comprehensive training course Zhou Yinghua, Zhang Caijuan, Guan Yingjun, Xue Hui, Liu Dandan 2017, 37 (5):  700-703.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.014 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (933KB) ( 12 )   Objective To discuss the application effect of diversified teaching model in nursing comprehensive training course.Methods 247 students of 4 classes of 2013 nursing college students in Medical College of Jiaying University were taken as the research object, each class students were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, traditional teaching model was adopted in control group and diversified teaching model was adopted in experimental group.Results In regard to diversified teaching model, about evaluation gross score and evaluation of teaching methods, teaching effect and comprehensive assessment, experimental group students' scores were higher than those of control group students, and the difference has statistical significance (P<0.01). But course setting evaluation of corresponding teaching model, control group's score was higher than that of experimental group, and the difference has statistical significance (P<0.01).Conclusions Diversified teaching model were recognized by students, and teachers should try to carry out improving. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of combined teaching methods of Flipped classroom and problem-based learning in clinical teaching of gastrointestinal surgery Kang QingJie, Xiang Zheng 2017, 37 (5):  704-707.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.015 Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (876KB) ( 15 )   Objective To investigate the application effect of combined teaching methods of Flipped classroom and problem-based learning in clinical teaching of gastrointestinal surgery.Methods 60 five-year clinical medical undergraduates from Chongqing Medical University(grade 2011) were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, experimental group received combined teaching methods of PBL and Flipped classroom, control group received traditional teaching method. The effects of the two methods were compared by self-made questionnaire, examinati on evaluation of clinical performances after the probation.Results The total score including theoretical knowledge and clinical practice of experimental group was (82.27±4.56) higher than (76.43±5.24) of the control group (t=4.596, P<0.05). The questionnaire results showed that the students of experimental group were satisfied with the combined teaching methods, and thought it can better stimulate interest in learning and develop their own ability.Conclusions The combined teaching methods are effective in clinical teaching of gastrointestinal surgery. It was an effective exploration of improveing PBL teaching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and effect evaluation of 3D printing technology in hepatobiliary surgery teaching Li Xinyu,Zhu Jiye,Huang Lei,Yang Chongwei,Leng Xisheng 2017, 37 (5):  708-712.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.016 Abstract ( 33 )   PDF (955KB) ( 21 )   Objective Discuss the application of three dimensional(3D) printing model in the teaching of hepatobiliary surgery.Methods From September 2015 to June 2016, 60 eight year medical students were selected from who practiced in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Peking University People's Hospital and they were randomly divided into study group and control group, 30 in each group. The traditional teaching methods were used in the 2 groups and the research group was assisted with 3D printing model. Selected the complex data MRI of section Ⅶ of liver cancer, hilar cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer from the patients in the department of hepatobiliary surgery, produced equal size 3D model by 3D printers. The total score and excellent rate of the 2 groups were compared, and the satisfaction degree was compared by questionnaire survey.Results (1)Students in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group in the knowledge of liver cancer, pancreatic head cancer and hilar cholangiocarcinoma, there were significant differences between groups(均P＜0.01). (2)The total scores of the control group and the study group were (82.1±1.8) and (91.9±2.0), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (t=19.78, P=0.63). (3)The control group and study group satisfaction were 80.0% (24/30) and 96.7% (29/30), there was significant difference between the groups (χ2=4.043, P=0.044).Conclusions 3D printing technology is helpful for students to better understand and master the three-dimensional anatomy of the liver, bile duct, pancreas, and help to improve the teaching effect of the department of hepatobiliary surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of CT virtual endoscope technique on clinical teaching of lung diseases Liu Lei, Zhi Xiuyi, Zhang Yi, Wang RT 2017, 37 (5):  713-718.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.017 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (966KB) ( 11 )   Objective To discuss and illustrate the meaning and feasibility of CT virtual endoscope technique on Clinical Teaching of lung diseases.Methods Forty residencies who were in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Xuanwu Hospital from Jan 2015 to Dec 2016 were randomly divided into 2 groups. The experimental group used conventional teaching methods on lung diseases and combined CT virtual endoscope technique. While the contrast group was only provided conventional teaching methods. Both groups had the test completion course and the feedback of the completion course questionnaire about the location and the characteristic of the lesions.Results The experimental group presented apparent advantage in the result of the tests with statistical differences. Meanwhile, the questionnaire presented that the result of the experimental group was much higher than the contrast group in learning interests, theory with practical ability, clinical thinking ability and other aspects.Conclusions CT virtual endoscope provides the accurate and comprehensive images information in the teaching of the department of thoracic surgery, enlarges the clinical thinking ability of the medical students. It has great application value in improving diagnostic capacity, learning interests, and other aspects of medical students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of the status and influencing factors of identification on nursing students among gynecological patients Yang Yi, Huang Yan, Zhao Dongmei, Chen Yulin 2017, 37 (5):  719-723.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.018 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (955KB) ( 21 )   Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of identification on nursing students among gynecological patients.Methods Questionnaire which was self-designed were utilized to collect data from 284 patients in Gynecology Department, West China Second University Hospital.Results The score of identification of patients was above the average(4.08±0.42).Specifically, subscale of cognition obtained the highest average score (4.32±0.81)and subscale of trust obtained the lowest average score (3.82±0.51). Single factor analysis showed that different age, diagnose, educational level, income, career of nurses would lead to different identification on nursing students ,the results have statistical significance (P<0.05).The results of multiple regression revealed that different age, diagnose and educational level were related factors of identification on nursing students among gynecological patients (P<0.05).Conclusions In order to improve the trust level of patients, it is very important for nursing teacher to strengthen the skill training and nurse-patient communication training on nursing students, and also to have positive communication with patients according to their individual differences at the aspects of age, career and income. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of early stage medical practice in vascular medicine Li Tianrun, Wang Hongyu, Wang Lichun, Liu Jinbo, Huang Wei, Shang Guangyun 2017, 37 (5):  724-728.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.019 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (889KB) ( 10 )   Objective To explore the experience of early stage vascular medicine practice in vascular medicine.Methods Ninety-six second year medical students of Peking University Health Science Center(PUHSC) were organized to carry on 14 days early stage medical practice, which were divided into 13 project groups. These practice based on Peking University Shougang Hospital Vascular Medicine Department. When the early stage vascular medicine practice finished, every project group turned in a practice report and a results show. At the same time, the medical students should finish questionnaires to evaluate the effect of practice.Results Medical students give higher evaluation of the satisfaction of these early stage vascular medicine practice. Most medical students considered that the time distribution is reasonable, they were eager for clinic trials, they could try the problem-based learning(PBL) course and nursing practice.Conclusions The research indicates that early stage vascular medicine practice could improve interest of students for vascular medicine, and enhancement students' all-around quality and innovation ability. The survey also indicates that students have higher interest for PBL and nursing practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Implementation and evaluation of teaching innovation as clinical rounds for postoperative analgesia Peng Lihua, Min Su 2017, 37 (5):  729-732.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.020 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (877KB) ( 10 )   Objective To explore the method and effect of teaching rounds for postoperative analgesia in patients receiving joint surgeries for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS).Methods Eighty bachelor students majoring in anesthesiology during their internship were enrolled and randomly allocated to teaching rounds group (n1=40) and conventional teaching group (n2=40), students feedback, test scores for postoperative analgesia and patients' satisfaction were evaluated.Results Compared with students in conventional teaching group, those in teaching rounds group reported more positive feedback with respect to active learning will, mastering in skills and concepts of postoperative analgesia, more test scores and patients' satisfaction scores.Conclusions Teaching rounds for postoperative analgesia in patients receiving joint surgery in the context of enhanced recovery after surgery could improve active learning will and knowledge mastering of the students and also patients' satisfaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on evaluation methods of professional competency for standardized training of clinical medical professional degree postgraduates Xu Jiao, Wang Zhibo, Dong Jingzhu, Bo Hong 2017, 37 (5):  733-736.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.021 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (873KB) ( 21 )   Objective To construct a set of comprehensive, objective, suitable professional competency evaluation method, which providing advices on the improvement the professional competency of professional degree graduate students to meet the request of standardized training for postgraduates.Methods The literature analysis, panel discussion and expert consultation were used to explore the evaluation method of professional competency, and then the data were analyzed.Results The evaluation of professional competency for clinical medical professional degree postgraduates should adhere to principles of combining qualitative and quantitative, subjective andObjective as well. The main body of evaluation should be tutors, and other parts should participate as well. The content of the evaluation involves the benchmark competency and the identify competency. Evaluation methods should adhere to the combination of assessment and examination evaluation, and the evaluation results can be widely used in every field of graduate education.Conclusions Evaluation methods of professional competency for clinical medical professional degree postgraduates were essential, and can provide reference for standardized training for clinical medical students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The research on the competency model of postgraduates from the perspective of innovation Liu Linlin, Lu Changling, Qu Haiying 2017, 37 (5):  737-742.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.022 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (971KB) ( 11 )   To implement the strategy of innovation-driven development, education and human resources are the foundation of national development. Graduate education, as an important element of education enterprise of our nation, plays an important role in the talent training to adapt the requirement of modem times. Postgraduates and tutors from 3 colleges and universities in Yantai were surveyed for the improvement of competence feature encoding dictionary so as to develop the competency model for master graduates. By document consulting, questionnaire, and panel discussion, this study has acquired 16 items of competency of postgraduates. On account of coding and analyzing the results of behavioral event interview with coding dictionary, preliminary 21 clauses of competency were obtained, 3 selective factors was extracted through exploratory factors analysis: personality characteristics, cognitive style, professional quality. This research partly extends the research scope of competency, and offers a novel angle of view to talent cultivation for the prospective study. Under the background of the implementation of innovation strategy, the model can provides basis for the cultivation of postgraduates and also to improve their quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the evaluation model of teaching methods based on the expectations of teachers and students Zhang Shouhua, Luo Changkun, Qin Yutong, Xu Dixiong, Huang Jianjun, Huang Guoqiong, Huang Jidong, Chen Jiannan, Chen Junguo, Wang Fangfang, Shen Juan 2017, 37 (5):  743-748.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.023 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (906KB) ( 12 )   Objective A study to provide anObjective basis for educators to select and apply teaching methods.Methods Aiming at those questions on the traditional evaluation of teaching method in domestic universities, such as ignoring the subjectivity of teachers and students and their diversification and personalized needs, the blind pursuit of novelty, and heavy form light efficiency, according to the characteristics and rules of the cultivation of innovative talents, introducing the theory of “Expectancy theory” and “Stakeholder theory”, combining theory and practice, the teaching method evaluation model were researched and established based on the expectation of teachers and students, and the practice of teaching the course of medical education history for eight-year program education was carried out in a medical university.Results The teaching method evaluation model based on the expectation of teachers and students can provide a scientific basis for the rational selection of teaching methods.Conclusions The teaching method evaluation model established in this study is scientific, feasible and valuable. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Using precedence chart to determine index of medical undergraduates' general ability Liu Xiaokang, Cai Jingyi, Wang Haijun 2017, 37 (5):  749-752.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.024 Abstract ( 59 )   PDF (877KB) ( 30 )   Objective The study aimed to determine the index weight of medical undergraduates' general ability evaluation indicator system, provided a reference to evaluate the general status of medical undergraduates.Methods The study adopted Delphi method and precedence chart method, experts in the closely related areas were invited to complete one self-designed questionnaire and software SPSS 20. 0 was used for statistical analysis finally.Results The indicator system included six first-level indicators: humanistic care ability, interpersonal skills, independent learning ability, team cooperation ability, critical thinking skills and obtaining and applying information ability. There are 25 secondary indicators. The average scores of all indicators were greater than 4, the standard deviation less than 1, the variation coefficients less than 0.25,and the full mark rate greater than 20%. When using precedence chart method to calculate the weight of the indicators, the largest of first-level indicators was the humanistic care ability, and obtaining and applying information ability was the least. The largest weight indicators of secondary indicators were caring responsibility consciousness, understanding ability, self-motivational, cooperation consciousness, the ability to find problems, and access to information.Conclusions Using precedence chart method to calculate index weight was scientific. The system might be useful in evaluating the general ability of medical undergraduates. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study of influence factors about integrated curriculum in clinical medicine program based on the exploratory factor analysis Ma Xing, Xiao Hai, Piao Jie, Yang Linli, Cao Depin, Yang Libin 2017, 37 (5):  753-757.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.025 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (888KB) ( 14 )   Objective A preliminary study of influence factors about curriculum integration, aims to recommend reform measures in medical universities.Methods Literature interview was conducted to collect items and design a questionnaire to investigate influence factors about curriculum integration.A questionnaire survey was conducted among 350 teaching management staff and teachers of Harbin Medical University, and Harbin Medical University First Hospital and Harbin Medical University Second Hospital.Results Influential factors of the integrated curriculum in medical universities includes seven modules: the competence of teachers, resources for teaching, support by the university, the management, the external force, the enthusiasm of the students, culture in the college towards in teaching.Conclusions Seven factors affect medical curriculum integration, and the competence of teachers is the most significant factor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the evaluation index system of humanistic education in medical university Hu Naibao, Yang Na, Sun Hongwei, Liu Haixia, Wang Jiu, Cao Gaofang, Hu Xihou 2017, 37 (5):  758-762.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.026 Abstract ( 52 )   PDF (886KB) ( 21 )   This paper is to build a set of evaluation index system for medical universities, so as to improve the quality of humanity education and the education effect. On the basis of literature review, a basic framework of evaluation index system was built, and Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process were used to calculate the weight of the system. An evaluation index system for humanistic quality education including 5 first level indexes and 17 secondary indexes was built and the index weights were also established. The structure and content of the evaluation index system was more reasonable which reflected new teaching idea and humanistic idea. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on teachers' compentency standards in resident's standardized training Li Yan 2017, 37 (5):  763-766.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.027 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (876KB) ( 20 )   Objectives To construct the teachers' compentency standards in resident's standardized training,and provide references for teachers' training and certification in resident's standardized training.Methods On the basis of consulting literature and expert interviews, the standard of standard teachers' ability for standardized training was established. The expert consultation of 2 rounds was conducted with Delphi method, and the weight of each index was calculated.Results The competency standard for the standardized training teachers of three subjects including 4 first class indexes, 15 two class indexes and 31 three class indexes was determined.Conclusions The competency standard of the standardized training instructor for the resident has high scientific and reliability, but its operability, reliability and validity have yet to be tested. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the situation of surgical trainees' operation participation in the residency standardized training Wang Min, Han Xiaoling, Liu Wei 2017, 37 (5):  767-770.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.028 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (879KB) ( 7 )   Objective To analyze the situation of surgical trainees' operation participation during the rotation.Methods By the operating data management system, a retrospective analysis on surgery residents in Shanghai First People's Hospital from 2012 to 2015 was conducted.Results It revealed that the monthly average operation volume of surgery residents was [18.57(14.00,26.80)]. With different education background, average operation volume from more to less followed by undergraduate education, master's degree, doctoral degree; with different professional context, from more to less followed by neurosurgery, urinary surgery, plastic surgery,general surgery, orthopedics and thoracic-cardiac surgery.Conclusions The surgery residents in Shanghai First People's Hospital have met the requirements of Shanghai residence standardized training. However, the constitution of surgery still needs to be perfected. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of image reporting quality control scoring system in standardized training of medical imaging branch resident Yin Yan, Tan Weihua, Wu Xiaofen, Feng Qi, Gong Hongxia, Hua Jia 2017, 37 (5):  771-774.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.029 Abstract ( 34 )   PDF (947KB) ( 25 )   Objective To explore the effect of using quality control scoring system of medical image report in the medical imaging resident standardized training.Methods A total of nine medical imaging radiologists who participated in the resident standardized training in Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in July 2015 were selected as the subjects. The quality control scoring system was established through the radiology information system(RIS).Results By using the image report quality control scoring system 6 and 12 months later, residents' reports quality is improved obviously.Conclusions The image report quality control scoring system is helpful to improve the quality of medical imaging residents' image reports, improve the effectiveness of standardized training for residents and improve medical quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An application of clinical pathway and team-based learning in teaching of cardiology during residents training Yin Yanrong, Du Yuan, Ren Jie, Huang Xin, Liang Qi, Tian Gang, Xue Xiaolin 2017, 37 (5):  775-778.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.030 Abstract ( 27 )   PDF (937KB) ( 14 )   Objective To explore the effectiveness of clinical pathway and team-based learning in the cardiovascular department during resident training.Methods 40 internal medicine residents in First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were applied with two different teaching methods.clinical pathway and team-based learning were used in the intervention group, while the traditional teaching method was applied in the control group.Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and a clinical test.Results Compared with the control group,the intervention group did better in paper test on theories and clinical skills test(t=4.485,P<0.05).The questionnaire results showed that the intervention group had a strong initiative and independent learning ability, and mastered well of the clinical skills.Conclusions The integrated application of CP and TBL method can be a valuable strategy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The applying of problem-based learning in standardized training of residents of thoracic surgery Zhang Jin, Yang Kunpeng, Hou Xiangsheng, Ge Xiaoqing, Qiao Menghan, Hou Lu 2017, 37 (5):  779-782.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.031 Abstract ( 34 )   PDF (879KB) ( 26 )   Objective To investigate the applying effects of problem-based learning (PBL) in standardized training of residents of thoracic surgery.Methods A total of 92 students, who were trained by standardized training of residents of thoracic surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, were selected as subjects. The students were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was treated with PBL and the traditional teaching method was adopted in the control group. The results of the two groups were compared by the results of the examination and the questionnaire.Results The scores of the students in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). But in the single choice question examination and simple question examination, the differences in the two groups of student were not statistically significant(all P>0.05). In terms of stimulating interest in learning, improving clinical thinking ability and mastering of clinical skills, the evaluation of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05).But there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of improving learning efficiency and the satisfaction of the teaching method (all P>0.05).Conclusions PBL in the standardized training of residents of thoracic surgery has achieved good results, this method can promote teaching interaction, improve teaching quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of simulation in the training and certification of specialists in North American and its enlightenment Liu Jing,Wang Gang,Jiang Guanchao, Wang Weimin, Chang Shi,Zou Yang, Cai Qiaoling, Shi Ting, Pu Dan,Wang Jianliu 2017, 37 (5):  783-786.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.032 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (878KB) ( 21 )   Objective To investigate the application of simulation in the training and assessment of North American specialists, and to discuss the problems and development of simulation used in specialist training and assessment in China.Methods Literature investigation and expert discussion.Results Simulation technology has been widely used in the training and certification of various specialties. In general, it used as a requirement for certification, maintenance of certification or in training process. The application of simulation in the training of specialists in China is just in the initial stage, and the main problems are lack of attention, inadequate investment, non-standard curriculum development and lack of teachers.Conclusions The application of simulation in North America specialist training and assessment is relatively deep, but in China it is still in its infancy. There is still much to do to get a better result. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative studies on postdoctoral education between China and America Yang Ting, Peng Shifang, Li Qian, Zhu Xian, Sun Hong 2017, 37 (5):  787-791.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.033 Abstract ( 30 )   PDF (1164KB) ( 19 )   Postdoctoral training started earlier in America, and has relatively mature experience. Based on the analysis and comparison of postdoctoral management mechanism, development scale, funding aid, training quality and effect between China and America, several policy recommendations were put forward,such as establishing the funding mechanism with multi-channel, and stepping up publicity efforts to encourage social financing. Furthermore, the process of postdoctoral training should be perfected to improve the training quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and thinking of the characteristics of clinical medicine education in University of Nebraska Chai Lihui 2017, 37 (5):  792-796.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.034 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (944KB) ( 14 )   This paper analyzed the clinical medical education characteristics of University of Nebraska Medical Center in the aspects of MD program enrollment, training model, curriculum, teaching method and instructional evaluation. The advantages and existing problems of Chinese clinical medical education system were discussed as well. It puts forward some suggestions according to the present situation of Chinese medical education and the reality of China, hoping to provide the reference for the present stage of our country's medical education reform. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study on dental and stomatological undergraduate education between United Kingdom and China Dong Meili, Zhang Shanshan, Jiang Yong 2017, 37 (5):  797-800.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.05.035 Abstract ( 40 )   PDF (918KB) ( 29 )   Dental education is advanced in United Kingdom. A comparative study on dental and stomatological undergraduate education between United Kingdom and China was conducted. Information on management agency, education system, the enrollment system, training objectives, curriculum design and teaching mode were collected and compared. The existing problems in the development of stomatological undergraduate education in China were analyzed and summarized, suggestions for improvement were provided. References | Related Articles | Metrics