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01 November 2021, Volume 41 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Design and practice of a training system for basic medicine graduate in Sun Yat-sen University Qi Weiwei, Song Erwei, Kuang Ming, Lan Ping, Guo Kaihua, Yang Xia, Zhou Jiaguo, Zhu Jinghuan, Qu Huaigang, Gao Guoquan 2021, 41 (11):  961-965.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210705-00846 Abstract ( 191 )   PDF (861KB) ( 194 )   In Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, the strategy of basic-clinical combination, clarifying the training goals and implement the teaching based on the characteristics of basic medical students, optimizing teaching resources, reforming the curriculum and strengthening the training process management, we ensured the training quality to meet the needs of science development and healthcare, improved the innovation concept and transformation potentials of basic medicine, established a complete training system of basic medicine, which is a demonstration of how to cultivate innovative and transformed medical talents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The analysis of training for allergists in China Zhang Shuchen, Yi Lingling, Liu Guanghui, Shao Li 2021, 41 (11):  966-969.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210421-00528 Abstract ( 67 )   PDF (859KB) ( 73 )   Allergic disease is one of the most common diseases in the world, and so the training of healthcare providers in this field is quite important. At the present, the education system of allergology over the world is not well functioning. Most clinical education does not cover the independent training on allergic diseases and other immune diseases, which impedes the development of education and training on allergic diseases. Based on the analysis of the current status of global profile of allergist training, and the profile of department of allergy, this article provides potential countermeasure of development of allergist education and training to tackle to the challenge. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current education status and strategy for reformation in major training of health service and management Lu Qi, Chen Ying, Zhao Shan, Yan Guiming, Wang Siyuan, Wang Lan, Lin Mei, Wang Chunmei, Zhao Yue 2021, 41 (11):  970-973.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210120-00091 Abstract ( 132 )   PDF (816KB) ( 102 )   Health industry is on the way of rapid development, but there is still a big gap between health service and management professionals. In this paper, the current education situation of health service and management professionals in China were reviewed, and the existing problems were identified and analyzed. The problems include insufficient supporting environment, lagging talent training, vague professional orientation and insufficient practical teaching capacity of faculty, etc. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward, such as strengthening macro-policy support, innovating talent training mode and strengthening practical training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of life education curriculum content for medical students based on Healthy China Strategy Zheng Le, Duan Zhiguang 2021, 41 (11):  974-977.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210429-00568 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (815KB) ( 116 )   Objective Based on the construction of healthy China and guided by the concept of “health humanities”, a curriculum of life education for medical undergraduates was established.Methods The co-word analysis, Delphi method were used to the development of the curriculum and the weight of the curriculum content was determined by analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Results The recovery rate of two rounds questionnaire investigation by expert consultation were 50.0%(21/42) and 85.7%(18/21) respectively. The expert authority coefficient of the two rounds consultation were 0.89 and 0.88 respectively. The weight of entries at all levels was accurate, the weight values of first-level items “recognizing and respecting life”, “understanding and maintaining life” and “cherishing and transcending life”were 0.329, 0.329 and 0.342 respectively. The curriculum content consisted of three first-level items, ten second-level items and thirty-three third-level items.Conclusions The curriculum of life education for medical students is scientific and reliable, and the weight setting is appropriate. It provides a reference for further development of life education curriculum content for medical students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Teaching remodeling on oral-maxillofacial-neck topographic anatomy Liang Jie, Cui Nianhui, Liu Xiaojing, Wang Diancan, Xu Xiangliang 2021, 41 (11):  978-981.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210510-00609 Abstract ( 78 )   PDF (819KB) ( 88 )   Oral-maxillofacial-neck topographic anatomy is an important course for undergraduates learning stomatology, which should closely link to clinical practice. In the passed three years, the teaching team from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology reformed the dissection course guided by a clinical oriented principle to support autonomic learning and collaborative education among students. The teaching reform included a rearrangement of the curriculum, a newly developed laboratory manual oriented by routine oral-maxillofacial surgery operation with detailed instruction and supplementary images, and the teaching methodology was optimized. This reform has been proved to facilitate students' learning and understanding the three-dimensional relationship of anatomy structure. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey on medical students' attitudes and satisfaction with medical education rituals in three medical colleges at Guangzhou Wu Jiaquan, Gao Yifei 2021, 41 (11):  982-985.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210309-00313 Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (823KB) ( 63 )   Objective To investigate the attitudes and the satisfaction with medical education rituals ( hereinafter called the rituals) among medical students in Guangzhou, so to provide reference to for improving the effectiveness of the rituals.Methods From April to June, 2020, a questionnaire survey and in-depth interview were performed. The questionnaires was distributed to survey 1 309 medical students from three higher medical schools in Guangzhou, 38 medical students and 15 ritual organizers were researched through in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used for data analysis.Results It is found that 86.2% (1 129/1 309) of medical students considered the rituals are important or very important; 86.6% (1 133/1 309) of them are willing or very willing to participate in the rituals; There are 81.0% (1 060/1 309) of medical students experienced medical education rituals and 70.5% (747/1 060) were satisfied or very satisfied with the rituals; The top three choices of medical students in the survey on the weakness of the rituals are as follows: formalities by 44.8% (475/1 060), insufficient advance publication by 35.1% (372/1 060), and ignoring the main status of students by 24.8% (263/1 060). The interviews found that the formality of the rituals tended to cause medical students to feel poor; The Somers'd correlation coefficients between medical students' overall satisfaction with rituals and their sense of rituals, sacredness were 0.579 and 0.528, respectively (all P<0.01);while that between medical students' overall satisfaction with rituals and their evoked sense of professional identity, professional belonging, and professional honor were 0.516, 0.510, and 0.499, respectively (all P<0.01).Conclusions Medical students in Guangzhou recognize the importance of medical education rituals and have a high willingness to participate in them, but there is still needs to improve their overall satisfaction with the rituals; the satisfaction with the rituals was positively correlated with both the atmosphere they felt and the positive emotions they evoked. Conducting the rituals can further improve the effect through focusing on students, strengthening advance publicity and creating a favorable rituals atmosphere. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on learning procrastination and its influencing factors among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic Sun Aihua, Li Xinxin 2021, 41 (11):  986-989.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201118-01602 Abstract ( 148 )   PDF (867KB) ( 123 )   Objective To find the situation of students' learning procrastination during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze the influence factors.Methods In March 2020, totally 4668 medical students from 5 medical universities in China were joined this project and were investigated with General Procrastination scale, future time insight scale and boredom tendency questionnaire.Results The total learning procrastination score of medical students was (63.64±9.39), the median score was 63.00. The total score of future time perceptive was [57.00(52.00,64.00)] , and the total score of boredom was [101.00(80.00,120.00)]. The total academic procrastination score of male students (64.35±11.96) was higher than that of female students (63.34±8.07), the total score of clinical medical students (64.28±10.63) was higher than that of nursing students (63.42±8.98) and other students (63.34±8.70), the total score of medical students with junior college degree (66.57±11.52) was higher than that of medical students with undergraduate degree (63.50±9.34) and that of medical students with graduate degree (64.81±8.37), the total score of medical students in vocational colleges (66.67±12.53) was higher than that of medical students in undergraduate colleges (63.57±9.30), and all the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that academic procrastination was negatively correlated with future time perception and creativity of medical students (r=-0.163, -0.233), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01).Conclusions The learning procrastination of medical students needs to be corrected. Medical educators can alleviate the extent of learning procrastination of medical students by implementing target-oriented and population-based education method for different groups of medical students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and influencing-factors analysis on pre-graduation anxiety of medical graduates during COVID-19 pandemic Zhao Wanjun, Yang Jiabin, Ye Yan, Li Zhihui, Wei Tao 2021, 41 (11):  990-994.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210305-00298 Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (872KB) ( 118 )   Objective To investigate the pre-graduation anxiety of medical graduates during COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the influencing factors, so as to provide the basis for improving the emotional health of medical graduates.Methods In December 2020, full-time medical graduate students enrolled in 2018 from West China Clinical Medical College of Sichuan University were investigated by self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-designed questionnaire, and the influencing factors were analyzed by logistic regression.Results A total of 486 valid questionnaires were collected. The overall anxiety rate was 37.4% (182 / 486). Compared with the students with anxiety, there were significant differences in physical exercise[7(5,10)vs. 6(4,9)], entertainment[5(3,8)vs. 4(2,8)], learning satisfaction [7(5,10)vs. 4(3,7)]and self-rated stress [5(3,8)vs.7(4,9)] (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that entertainment [OR(95%CI)=0.871(0.803~0.945)] and learning satisfaction [OR(95%CI)=0.687 (0.627~0.751)] were negatively correlated with anxiety, while self-rated stress value [OR(95%CI)=1.246(1.148~1.353)] was positively correlated with anxiety.Conclusions During the pandemic, the anxiety rate of medical graduates was high. The main factors are lack of entertainment activity, low satisfaction of study and subjective pressure. We should pay more attention to the psychological situation of graduate students, strengthen comprehensive management scheme, timely intervention to anxiety, and to improve the professionalism as well as personal accomplishment of medical graduate students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of analogy teaching method in the teaching of pathophysiology Yu Jing, Zeng Zhen, Lin Min 2021, 41 (11):  995-998.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210528-00691 Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (824KB) ( 100 )   Objective To study the effect of analogy teaching method in the teaching of pathophysiology.Methods An experimental control method was used. A total of 195 five-year clinical medical undergraduates from Fujian Medical University in class of 2018 were enrolled from September 2020 to January 2021, who were divided into the test group (class 6, n=98) taught by analogy teaching method, and the control group (class5, n=97) taught by classic method. The effect of teaching method was evaluated by examination results and questionnaire.Results The average score of the questions associated with the knowledge taught by control method in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(5.33±1.43) vs. (4.77±1.70), P< 0.05]. The results of questionnaire showed that there were significant differences in improving teaching effect [(4.25±0.73) vs. (4.00±0.69)], improving learning efficiency [(3.92±0.77) vs. (3.69±0.71)], reorganizing knowledge fragments [(4.34±0.63) vs. (4.10±0.62)], and developing problem-solving ability [(4.12±0.74) vs. (3.79±0.71)](all P < 0.05).Conclusions The application of analogy teaching method can improve the learning effect of students' control teaching knowledge points, improve teaching effect, enhance students' learning efficiency, help students to reorganize knowledge fragments and develop problem-solving ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the application of the online teaching platform in Guangzhou Medical University during the COVID-19 pandemic Liu Jiaxin, Chen Ximo, Ke Jiahai, Chen Zhan 2021, 41 (11):  999-1003.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210514-00636 Abstract ( 64 )   PDF (873KB) ( 59 )   Objective To investigate the application of online teaching platforms in medical colleges during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the influencing factors in view of teachers and students' satisfaction and sustainability of the platform.Methods In September 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the teachers and students who used the platform of E-Center at Guangzhou Medical University. The content of the questionnaire includes four parts: the basic information of the respondents, their use of the online teaching platform, their satisfaction with it and their willingness to continue using it. Also the weakness and suggestions for the improvement were recorded.Results Both faculty and students have a positive view to the on line education and the platform. The frequency of teachers and students using online teaching platform is high. Every week, 35.8% (38/106) and 85.8% (1 062/1 238) of teachers and students used the online teaching platform five or more times respectively. Online teaching platform has become a main tool of teaching and learning. Totally 81.1%(86/106)of the teachers and 68.3%(845/1 238)of the students believe that a hybrid teaching pathway can be carried out, but they still hope to use offline teaching as a major method of education. The overall satisfaction of teachers and students to the online teaching platform is relatively high, with the average score of (3.80±1.17) and (3.90±0.98) respectively. There are differences in teachers' satisfaction with online teaching platform. The satisfaction scores of teaching assistants, lecturers, associate professors, professors and teachers with other professional titles on the online teaching platform are (4.29 ± 0.49), (4.19 ± 0.81), (3.72 ± 1.10), (3.11 ± 0.90) and (3.63 ± 1.83) respectively, and the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). Perceived usefulness, use motivation, self-efficacy, information quality, system quality and service quality have an impact on the willingness to continue to use the online teaching platform. The standardized regression coefficients are 0.110, 0.206, 0.065, -0.067, 0.095 and 0.060 respectively, and the differences are statistically significant (all P<0.05).Conclusions It is necessary to improve the function of online teaching platform and strengthen the technical support in terms of service and quality assurance and. to Optimize the supply of medical teaching resources meeting the needs of medical education; also to Provide online teaching and training consultation as well as to promote the innovation and reform of curriculum. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of small private online course curriculum of emergency in undergraduates at nursing school Yang Lili, Ge Lihe, Gao Peng 2021, 41 (11):  1004-1007.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210304-00294 Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (859KB) ( 57 )   Objective To analyze the effect of small private online course(SPOC) curriculum in teaching of emergency for nursing undergraduate in order to develop a new teaching method.Methods From July 2020 to February 2021, 78 nursing students in Emergency Department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital enrolled in 2017 were selected as the research objects to carry out clinical teaching based on SPOC mode. The teaching quality, including nursing students' participation, learning outcomes, examination results and satisfaction were analyzed.Results The participation rate of student in classroom shown by frequency of asking question was the lowest [80.8%(63/78)], and the participation rate in nursing ward round was the highest [100%(78/78)]; about students' learning outcomes, the excellent rate of group rounds is the highest [93.6%(73/78)], and the excellent rate of the take-home self-learning was the lowest [76.9%(60/78)]; the scores of theory test had shown some improvement[(92.7±4.3))vs.(88.6±1.3)] as compared with the students enrolled in 2016 (P＜0.05).There were 85.9%(67/78)nursing students satisfied with the teaching mode.Conclusions The teaching mode based on SPOC had good effect in emergency undergraduate nursing teaching. Students were highly satisfied with this teaching model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of blended teaching mode based on the outcome-based education in intership training of emergency medicine Cen Chaoqun, Zhang Ke, Wu Jianzhen, Gao Min, Li Yong, Liu Jingjing 2021, 41 (11):  1008-1011.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210304-00296 Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (857KB) ( 163 )   Objective To evaluate the application of blended teaching mode based on the outcome-based education(OBE) in internship training of emergency medicine.Methods Experimental control method was used. Totally 74 eight-year program undergraduates who participated in the internship of emergency medicine in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from 2018 to 2020 were selected. Experimental group with 39 students from Grade 2015 received the blended teaching mode based on OBE. Control group with 35 students from Grade 2014 were trained by traditional teaching model. The teaching effect was evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results The students in the experimental group showed a better performance on the clinical practice assessment [(85.85±8.93) vs. (81.69±8.27)];class participation performance[79.5% (31/39) vs. 54.3% (19/35)] and the click ratio of learning platform[79.5 % (31/39) vs.57.1% (20/35)] than the control group(all P＜0.05).Conclusions A blended teaching model based OBE have an active effect on students' clinical practice, classroom learning enthusiasm and learning initiative after class. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis of parents' opinions on teaching ward round for hospitalized children in a top-three hospital Qi Ji, Yin Jinqiang, Li Jing, Li Hui, Chen Shuying, Yang Xiaowen 2021, 41 (11):  1012-1016.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210427-00561 Abstract ( 47 )   PDF (877KB) ( 39 )   Objective To investigate and analyze the children's parents' opinions on pediatric medical teaching ward round, and put forward the improvement measures.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 107 parents of children(group A) in a top-three hospital who received resident physician standardized teaching ward round and 121 parents of other children(group B) in the same ward from January 2019 to December 2020. Chi-square test and Fisher exact probability test were used to compare the differences of the children's parents' cognition of the teaching ward round between the two groups.Results The proportion of children <3 years old in group A was significantly lower than that in group B [28.1% (30/107) vs. 70.2%(85/121)](P<0.01) , and 73.8% (79/107) of the children in group A failed to fully cooperate with the performance of teaching ward round. There were 46.7% (50/107) of the parents not willing to accept the teaching ward round again. The percentage of parents who thought that the physical examination caused fear, pain, cold and other discomfort to the children in group A who did not want to go to teaching round again was higher than that of parents who wanted to go to teaching round again [82.0%(41/50)vs. 5.3%(3/57)], there was statistically significant(P<0.01).The percentage of the parents in group B thought that teaching ward round was more helpful to the cognition of children's diseases than that in group A [76.0% (92/121) vs. 36.5% (39/107)], the percentage of children's parents in group B who wanted to go to teaching rounds was higher than that in group A [90.1% (109 / 121) vs. 53.3% (57 / 107)] , there were statistically significant(all P<0.01).Conclusions Most of the parents who didn't accept the teaching ward round just because they didn't see the performance as what they expected. The acceptance of parents of children undergoing teaching rounds needs to be improved. Few children could fully cooperate with the ward round performance, and the majority of cases selected for teaching ward round is elderly children. It is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of medical humanistic quality and clinical skills training in pediatric education. We are trying to explore a personalized mode of pediatric teaching ward round to meet the needs of parents and improve the quality of pediatric resident standardized training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of team-based learning teaching mode in standardized training of microsurgery residents Wang Xin, Han Xianshun, Zheng Qianjin, Hu Xiang, Tao Shengxiang 2021, 41 (11):  1017-1020.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210516-00640 Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (860KB) ( 88 )   Objective To evaluate the training outcomes of team-based learning (TBL) mode in the standardized training of microsurgery residents.Methods Totally 64 residents trained in the Second Clinical College of Wuhan University from 2019 to 2020 were trained in microsurgery, and they were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. TBL teaching mode was used in the experimental group for standardized microsurgery training, while the traditional teaching mode was used in the control group for standardized microsurgery training. After the training, the trainees were scored for small vessel anastomosis operation, and anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted and scored.Results Vascular anastomosis assessment results: operation proficiency score [(2.28 ± 0.58) vs. (1.47 ± 0.51)], and anastomosis quality score[(2.28 ± 0.52) vs. (1.53 ± 0.51)], total score [(11.25 ± 1.83) vs. (7.63 ± 1.64) ]. The difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05).Questionnaire survey results: the students' interest of small vessel anastomosis training [(4.16 ± 0.72) vs. (3.09 ± 0.89) ], the satisfaction scores of teaching [(4.10 ± 0.69) vs. (2.93 ± 0.80)], the total score [(19.38 ± 1.58) vs. (14.53 ± 1.39)]. The difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05).Conclusions The application of TBL in microsurgery standardized training can enable residents to fully exert their subjective initiative, improve their operational skills, enhance their teamwork awareness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the results of completion practical skill test by resident trainees of obstetrics and gynecology joining standardized training program in Liaoning province in 2020 Zhang Dandan, Jin Zhen, Chang Qing , Bai Xue, Wang Xiaoxue, Zhang Chunju, Yang Qing 2021, 41 (11):  1021-1025.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210303-00279 Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (836KB) ( 55 )   Objective To analyze the result of completion practical skill test of obstetrics and gynecology trainees joining standardized resident training in Liaoning province in 2020, and provide reference for further homogenization of resident training.Methods A database was established based on the results and daily training records of all resident trainees who participated in the completion test in Liaoning province in 2020. The test records from different training bases institutions and trainees with different education background were analyzed by t test, F test and correlation analysis.Results A total of 274 resident trainees joined the test, and the score from university affiliated hospitals was significantly higher than that from non-university affiliated hospitals (86.87±2.65 vs. 83.95±4.20, P<0.01). The score of candidates for professional master degree(88.36±4.59)was the highest one. There was a positive correlation between the performance of trainees and their training (P<0.01).Conclusions The results of practical skill test in Liaoning province at the completion of training program are mainly related to the types of training base institutions, the educational background of the trainees and the time length of daily training. Each training base institution should strengthen the construction of its own teaching team and control the quality of training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of selection and quality evaluation by pediatric residents from different periods Wang Guina, Xu Wei 2021, 41 (11):  1026-1028.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210319-00374 Abstract ( 42 )   PDF (802KB) ( 39 )   Objective To compare the differences in selection and quality evaluation by pediatric residents from different periods of training, so as to provide reference to promote the development of pediatrics training base.Methods A study was conducted by the questionnaire survey. Totally 147 trainees in Department of Pediatric Medicine of Shengjing Hospital,China Medical University from 2015 to 2020 were recruited and 70 trainees from 2015 to 2017 were included in group A,while 77 trainees from 2018-2020 were grouped as B.Results Group B preferred to choose hospitals with good conditions[87.0%(67/77)vs.57.7%(39/70)], clinical case discussion[87.0%(67/77)vs.67.1%(47/70)] and focus on disease diagnosis and treatment[89.6%(69/77)vs.68.6%(48/70)], more trainees hoped to have a trainer to supervise their learning[67.5%(52/77)vs. 51.4%(36/70)]and more systematical examination [92.2%(71/77)vs.64.3%(45/70)] than group A (all P＜0.01).Conclusions The pediatric residents from different periods have different choices for the hardware conditions of the base, the methods of teaching and training,the dependence of teachers,and the evaluation of assessment system. The base should continue to improve the hardware conditions, standardize the training courses, strengthen the construction of the teaching staff, and improve the assessment system and methods, which willbe helpful to the development of the pediatric residents base.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice and reform of whole process management of national continuing medical education project Ma Zhen, Zhang Qi, Dong Meili, Hu Wei, Huang Jing, Jiang Hui, Duan Liping 2021, 41 (11):  1029-1032.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210609-00735 Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (855KB) ( 67 )   Under the environment that the state emphasizes improving the quality of national continuing medical education projects, the whole process management of national continuing medical education projects is facing new challenges. Taking the national continuing medical education project management of Peking University Health Science Center as an example, based on systematic investigation and aiming at the problems existing in the national continuing medical education project management, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the national continuing medical education project, such as timely updating the management system, refining the management process, providing multi-dimensional management support and strengthening on-site supervision. It is hoped to provide reference for the whole process management of national continuing medical education projects in relevant colleges and universities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation analysis of national continuing medical education base based on program evaluation theory Meng Shuyang, Ma Zhen, Tong Chi 2021, 41 (11):  1033-1037.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210517-00641 Abstract ( 48 )   PDF (828KB) ( 50 )   This paper introduces the theoretical basis of continuing medical education evaluation, introduces the theoretical support of the continuing medical education evaluation, considers the current situation of continuing medical education bases. There are some problems in current base evaluation, such as unclear guiding ideology, lack of process evaluation feedback and performance evaluation need to be further strengthened. Some suggestions are put forward, such as clarifying the responsibilities of the base, strengthening the process evaluation, and associating the performance evaluation with the exit mechanism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The elicitation of Dreyfus model in medical education and training of clinical skills in China Wang Zhengyang, Huang Yilin, Wan Shanshan, Feng Jialu 2021, 41 (11):  1038-1041.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210619-00776 Abstract ( 131 )   PDF (825KB) ( 123 )   This paper interprets and reviews the article titled “From the Educational Bench to the Clinical Bedside: Translating the Dreyfus Developmental Model to the Learning of Clinical Skills”, written by an American medical educator Carraccio CL, and expounds how to apply the development law of “from novice to expert” in Dreyfus model to evaluate the development process of clinical expertise to explain the evolutionary law of cognitive and behavioral characteristics, and get enlightenment as that the medical educators in China should follow the law of cognitive science and promote the construction of a competency based medical education system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Setting strategy of practical skill examination group in clinical physician qualification examination Zhang Saiyi, Zhang Wenjuan, Hua Dong, Han Chunmei, Ding Yimin, Jin Yongxin 2021, 41 (11):  1042-1045.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210614-00743 Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (855KB) ( 62 )   Objective To explore the optimization of the test group setting of the third station of clinical physician qualification examination and improve the quality of the examination.Methods Take note of the time consuming of the third station basic operation exam of 2 456 candidates in a certain examination area of 2020, calculate the average time for each question; Combine operation items according to the relationship between the 24 basic operations.Combine test questions into different modules, calculate the total time for each module; Combine the modules into 3-7 test groups according to the principle that each group takes roughly the same time; Calculate the number of equipment and consumables required according to test group setting.Results In 2021, the test group setting plan has been applied in national practical skills test bases.Different test bases choose different test group setting methods according to actual conditions. Among the three selected examination bases, the number of examination equipment was reduced from 25 to 5. When the number of examiners has increased, the total examination time of each base is reduced by 0.5 hours per day.Conclusions Applying the test group setting strategy in the organization and implementation of the practical skill test can effectively save test resources, reduce exam costs, Improve test efficiency and test quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Learning from the basic life support course of American Heart Association to optimize the training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for Chinese medical staffs Zheng Kang, Li Hui, Ma Qingbian 2021, 41 (11):  1046-1049.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210513-00633 Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (823KB) ( 81 )   China should establish an independent, complete and scientific cardiopulmonary resuscitation education and training system. This article summarized the experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation training with the basic life support(BLS) course of American Heart Association since 2011. The advantages of BLS course included strict trainers' training and access system, standardized video and “practice while watching” mode, small class teaching mode, team training content and line-item veto in skill testing. The weaknesses of BLS course included the lack of education on the monitoring and prevention of cardiac arrest, the insufficient training on the reading of electrocardiogram waveforms during cardiac arrest, the use of automatic but not manual external defibrillator, and the lack of specific training for special patient groups. These weaknesses made BLS course not suitable for Chinese medical staffs. In the future, more researches were needed to build a new CPR training system with Chinese characteristics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status and enlightenment of coronary interventional specialists training in the United States Wu Haoyang, Xiao Yao 2021, 41 (11):  1050-1053.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210529-00695 Abstract ( 48 )   PDF (828KB) ( 54 )   Coronary intervention is a complicated invasive surgical operation with high risk, it is much more important to establish a comprehensive training system for coronary intervention specialists and cultivate excellent percutaneous coronary intervention specialists. The competency-based training system of American coronary artery interventional specialists has clear learning objectives with multiple training and evaluation methods. This paper introduces the current status of the training for coronary artery interventional specialists in United States, and puts forward some enlightenments for the training in China so to improve the competency-based evaluation system for coronary artery interventional specialists, increase the courses of multimodality imaging, and strengthen application of simulation technology in the training. References | Related Articles | Metrics