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01 December 2021, Volume 41 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The development of index system of the global competency for medical students Lu Man, Liu Hong, Zheng Zhijie 2021, 41 (12):  1057-1061.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210714-00885 Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (895KB) ( 302 )   Objective To explore and construct a index system of the global competency for medical students. Methods Through literature research and interview, an expert correspondence questionnaire was created. Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert correspondence to 33 experts to calculate the importance assignment of indicators at all levels. Results The recovery rates of the two rounds of expert correspondence questionnaires were 93.9% (31/33) and 100.0% (31/31) respectively, the authority coefficients were 0.82 and 0.86, respectively and the coordination coefficients of expert opinions were 0.273 and 0.306,respectively. The differences were statistically significant as shown by the test of Kendall coefficient of concordance W (all P<0.01). The adjusted and optimized connotation index system of the global competency for medical students includes 4 primary indicators, 11 secondary indicators and 40 tertiary indicators. Conclusions The connotation index system of global competency for medical students constructed by Delphi method has high scientificity and reliability, covers the needs of both internationalization and localization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospectives and prospects of the development of medical schools in China Hou Jianlin, Liao Kaiju, Xie A'na, You You, Wu Ning, Wang Weimin 2021, 41 (12):  1062-1066.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210706-00851 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (901KB) ( 240 )   Objectives To review and summarize the development of China's medical schools, existing issues and put forward policy suggestions based on the perspective of domestic and international comparison. Methods Descriptive analysis and literature review were implemented. Results After 150 years' development, the number of China's medical schools reached 192 in 2020. However, there is still a serious shortage of medical schools if taking into account of the large population in the country. The number of medical schools per 10 million persons in China was only about one third of the world average level. The teaching quality of some medical colleges is not satisfactory, and the quantity of highly qualified medical colleges is insufficient. Some other weakness also exist, including large scale of enrollment per school, mal-distribution of medical schools in different regions and lack of a professional administration entity at the national level. Conclusions China should improve the top-level design and making a national development plan for construction and development of medical schools. Multiple approaches should be taken to steadily increase the number of medical schools. A national organization for professional administration should be established to improve the macro management of medical schools. Finally, Chinese government should play a crucial role in facilitating the construction of medical schools in developing areas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the influence of college resources on academic achievement of medical students Li Wenzhuo, Wang Weimin, Wu Hongbin 2021, 41 (12):  1067-1071.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210712-00877 Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (942KB) ( 115 )   Objective To analyze the influence of college resources on the academic achievement of medical students. Methods Based on the college resources data provided by the Ministry of Education, and the academic achievement data collected from China Medical Students Survey (CMSS), Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) and Multiple Linear Regression Model were used to analyze the effect of colleges resource indicators on the academic achievement of medical students in various fields. Results The scores of science and academia, clinical ability, health and social and professionalization were (2.84±1.84), (6.03±1.99), (4.33±2.05), (2.92±1.84), respectively. The zero model of HLM showed that hierarchical analysis was necessary only in the clinical ability domain; two-level model showed that the number of books per student could significantly enhance the effect of intrinsic motivation on clinical ability domain (P=0.025). Multiple Linear Regression Model showed that student-teacher ratio had significant negative effect on academic achievement in health and social domain (P=0.046); the proportion of teachers with senior professional titles had a significant positive effect on health and social (P<0.01) and professionalization (P<0.01) domains; The number of books per student had a significant positive effect on science and academia (P<0.01), health and society (P<0.01), and professionalization (P=0.037) domains; the teaching expenditure per student have no significant effect on academic achievement in each domains (all P>0.05). Conclusions Different resource indicators had different influences on the academic achievement of medical students, and the influences were different in various domains of academic achievement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on the “3+2+3” training mode of eight-year program of clinical medicine in Tsinghua University Wang Daliang, Wu Ning, Xie Lan, Liu Jinping, Qiu Ying, Wu Li 2021, 41 (12):  1072-1076.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210423-00542 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (934KB) ( 186 )   Since 2009, a “3+2+3” mode has been implemented in the eight-year medical education program in the School of Medicine, Tsinghua University,to strengthen the capacity building of scientific research by medical students in order to promote the combination of medical research and clinical practice in their occupational development in future. This paper introduces the performance of “3+2+3” training mode and its effect. The results show that the “3+2+3” training mode is conducive to the cultivation of physician scientists, the overall improvement of students' knowledge, capacity, and professional diathesis, and provides an effective pathway to promote the cultivation of compound and innovative excellent medical talents through the eight-year program of clinical medicine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis on the current situation of students' self-confidence in traditional Chinese medicine culture in Nanchang Medical College Li Xiaodong, Sun Zhiqiang, Long Sulan, Yang Jinsheng 2021, 41 (12):  1077-1080.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210312-00336 Abstract ( 191 )   PDF (882KB) ( 114 )   Objective To understand the self-confidence in traditional Chinese medicine culture and related influencing factors of students in Nanchang Medical College, so to provide a basis for the education remodeling in this school. Methods Using stratified sampling method, eight hundred undergraduates from grade 2017 to 2020 in Nanchang Medical College were enrolled and their majors included Chinese medicine, acupuncture and massage, etc. The questionnaires were distributed to investigate their self-confidence in traditional Chinese medicine culture. Using logistic regression analysis to identify the main factors that affect students' self-confidence and to explore the countermeasures to improve students' self-confidence in traditional Chinese medicine culture. Results Students of different grades and majors show different degrees of self-confidence in traditional Chinese medicine culture in four dimensional scores: cognition of traditional Chinese medicine culture, emotion towards traditional Chinese medicine culture, attitude towards western medicine and behavior related to traditional Chinese medicine culture. The grade with the highest score is 2017, and the four scores are (3.68±0.35), (4.34±0.31), (4.56±0.28) and (4.35±0.36) respectively; the grade with the lowest score is 2020, and the four scores are (2.20±0.33), (3.17±0.35), (3.05±0.32) and (3.02±0.28) respectively; the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05).The major with the highest score was traditional Chinese medicine, and the four scores were (4.50±0.34), (4.41±0.36), (4.50±0.38) and (4.43±0.33); the lowest scoring major is from the students majoring marketing and commercial business, the four scores are (3.05±0.36), (2.96±0.31), (2.95±0.33) and (2.80±0.31) respectively; the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Through logistic regression analysis, it is found that grade and major were the main factors affecting students' confidence in traditional Chinese medicine culture. Conclusions Students of different grades and majors have different levels of self-confidence in Chinese medicine culture. The main factors affecting students' self-confidence in traditional Chinese medicine culture are grade and major. It is suggested that the school authority needs to increase the teaching hours related to traditional Chinese medicine culture and strengthen the dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine culture. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of in situ simulated and instructive feedback teaching in the supervision of lecture expert training in residential education Yao Yao, Li Shangrong, Yuan Lianxiong 2021, 41 (12):  1081-1085.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210406-00455 Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (897KB) ( 89 )   Objective To evaluate in situ simulation and instructive feedback teaching method in the training of supervisor of teaching process for residential training. Methods From June to August 2020, 18 trainees were selected for lecture supervisor training for in situ simulation, instructive feedback and lecturing. The training process included theoretical teaching, two rounds of skill training (demonstration-rating-feedback), offline practice and the third round of practical training (demonstration-rating-feedback). Results The median and quartile of score difference of the three rounds was 12.00(5.50, 17.00) (the first round), 4.00(2.00, 8.00) (the second round) and 6.00(2.75, 11.25) (the third round). Through Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test to compare with the score difference of the first round, the score difference of the second round (Z=2.49,P=0.01), there is no significant difference between the second and the third round (Z=0.78,P=0.44). Conclusions The method of in situ simulation integrated with instructive feedback effectively minimizes the difference of evaluation results (scores) from supervision experts and that from training consultant, so as to improve the consistency and accuracy of the evaluation results from the lecture supervisors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Teaching behaviors of English teachers in medical universities based on production-oriented approach Hua Yao 2021, 41 (12):  1086-1089.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210624-00807 Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (911KB) ( 49 )   This study aims to systematically investigate the English teachers' behaviors in teaching process by combing the production-oriented approach with the practice of listening and speaking courses of medical English in Capital Medical University. The specific guidance on teaching behaviors such as design, guidance, scaffolding, management, supervision, evaluation and feedback was expounded. The effectiveness of the guidance was verified through the teaching practice which provided a solid support for expanding the application of production-oriented approach and improving the quality of medical English course. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Teaching effect of end-of-life care course for medical students in Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Xiao Wenli, Zhou Liqun, Sun Mimi, Chen Lili, Lin Jieheng, Chen Yao, Yu Ling 2021, 41 (12):  1090-1094.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210620-00781 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (902KB) ( 104 )   Objective To evaluate the teaching effect of end-of-life care course in Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Methods A combined quantitative and qualitative evaluation method was adopted. A total of 66 undergraduates in our university were selected as the research subjects from October to December 2020. Before and after the end-of-life care course teaching, the Chinese version of the death attitude profile-revised (DAP-R) and the Chinese version of the frommelt attitude toward care of the dying scale-form B (FATCOD-B) were used to conduct questionnaire surveys, and the students were asked to write personal learning experience after the course. Paired sample t-test, Wilconxon signed rank test and content analysis were used to analyze the data. Results After the course teaching, the scores of death avoidance[2.00 (0.80) vs. 2.50 (1.00)] and fear of death [(2.19±0.63) vs. (2.43±0.65) ] decreased significantly (all P<0.01), while the total score of hospice care attitude increased significantly [119.00 (12.00) vs. 107.50 (12.00), P<0.01]. Two themes were formed by analyzing the learning experience documents: “learning gains” and “course feedback”. The theme of “learning gains” included three sub-themes: “facing death and thinking about life”, “understanding and accepting the concept of hospice care” and “comprehending the humanistic spirit of medicine”. The theme of “course feedback” included two sub-themes: “recognition and satisfaction with the course” and “suggestions to strengthen practice training and expand the scope of students”. Conclusions End-of-life care course was recognized by medical students and can help them to reduce fear of death and death avoidance, improve hospice care attitude as well as enhance humanistic quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and practice of medical communication in the form of general courses in a comprehensive university Li Ying , Gu Chunya , Lu Yuxia , Wu Heng , Ge Yanli , Jiang Miao , Cheng Liming 2021, 41 (12):  1095-1099.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210618-00769 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (895KB) ( 77 )   In order to improve the health competence of college students, to cultivate their capacity of critical thinking on health education through media, and to promote the capacity building on their health concept and behavior, Tongji Clinical Medical College of Tongji University developed an elective course of “health, disease ,communication” for undergraduates of various majors in the form of general education. The course focuses on meeting needs of students and improving their learning and capacity of tackling to challenges. Case-based teaching and task-driven approach were applied in this course. Through case study, communication works creation and research task, the course promotes students' learning engagement and improves students' health competence. The students' creative ability, logistic thinking and creative capacity are also improved. The course has run two rounds and achieved good results, which provides useful experience for the curriculum construction focusing on capacity building of medical communication. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A survey on the results of professional cognitive education by professional counselors from the perspective of medical students Liu Fang, Ding Lei, Sun Feng, Xu Shandong 2021, 41 (12):  1100-1104.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210318-00372 Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (894KB) ( 68 )   Objective To evaluate medical students' professional cognition under the guidance of professional counselors, and to find the factors affecting the outcome of professional cognition. Methods Totally 1 111 medical students enrolled from 2018 to 2020 into Peking University Health Science Center were investigated with a self-made questionnaire. The contents of the survey included the general situation of medical students, the construction process of professional cognition and the acknowledgement of professional cognition. Chi square test and disordered multi classification logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of education outcomes of professional cognition by students. Results There are 67.6% (751/1 111) of medical students had enriched their professional knowledge and understanding; 27.2% (302/1 111) of them corrected their initial understanding of the specialty; 5.2% (58/1 111) of medical students believed that the education and the role-modeling of professional counselors were completely consistent with their initial cognition. At present, the medical students majoring in the first selection of specialty at their entrance are less likely to enich and correct their original cognition (OR values are 0.301 and 0.235 respectively, all P<0.05), medical students who have frequency of contacting professional counselors are more likely to enrich and correct their original cognition (OR values are 0.000 and 0.040, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions The guidance of professional counselors can effectively help medical students construct professional cognition. The professional cognition of medical students is related to whether they are admitted to the first selection of specialty and whether they often meet with professional counselors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The association among achievement goal orientations, academic procrastination, and academic performance of clinical medical students Lu Xiaoyu, Li Qinglin, Zhang Shue, Wang Lihua 2021, 41 (12):  1105-1109.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210730-00951 Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (948KB) ( 94 )   Objective To explore the influence of achievement goal orientations on academic procrastination and academic performance among clinical medical students. Methods The multi-stage stratified convenient sampling method was used to conduct an online survey in May 2019. A total of 2 555 clinical medical students from four domestic medical universities in Heilongjiang province participated in the survey. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the association of achievement goal orientations on students' academic procrastination behavior and academic performance. Results The results showed that the score of students' mastery goals was (3.86±0.66). The scores of performance-approach goals and performance-avoidance goals were (3.45±0.79) and (3.48±0.74) respectively. The score of academic procrastination was (2.67±0.91). The mastery goals were negatively associated with academic procrastination of clinical medical students. The performance-avoidance goals were positively associated to their performance-avoidance goals. The mastery goals and performance-approach goals were positively associated with academic performance among clinical medical students. The performance-avoidance goals were negatively associated with their academic performance (all P<0.01). Conclusions Different types of achievement goal orientations have different associations with academic procrastination and academic performance of clinical medical students. The clinical medical students who have performance-approach goals have better academic performance. The mastery goals can alleviate academic procrastination and enhance academic performance among clinical medical students, while clinical medical students who have performance-avoidance goals have more significant academic procrastination and poor academic performance. It is suggested that clinical medical students should establish multiple achievement goal orientations dominated by mastery goals. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of digital intelligent technology in the teaching of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery Wen Sai, Zeng Silue, Zeng Ning, Yang Jian, Xiang Nan, Hu Haoyu, Zhu Wen, Fang Chihua 2021, 41 (12):  1110-1113.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210513-00631 Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (934KB) ( 99 )   Digital intelligent technology is a new high-tech diagnosis and treatment method developed through deep integration of digital medical technology, big data and artificial intelligence technology. In recent years, the application of digital intelligent technology has provided new ideas for the teaching of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, and has improved students' learning outcomes and teaching quality. The present article will discuss the overview of digital intelligent technology and its application status in the teaching of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, so as to provide certain experience and ideas for the application and development of digital intelligent technology in the field of medical education in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of “Internet + medical education” based on ROCCIPI technical analysis framework Wang Yanping, Zhang Shue, Li Qinglin, Yuan Jia, Zhou Shengyan, Wang Min, Zhao Chenxi, Cao Depin 2021, 41 (12):  1114-1117.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210615-00746 Abstract ( 149 )   PDF (887KB) ( 104 )   The profound integration of Internet information technology with medical education has changed the traditional mode of medical education. Based on ROCCIPI technical analysis framework, the weakness existing in the application of “Internet + medical education” in China is analyzed from the seven dimensions of “Internet + medical education” construction, including rules, opportunities, capacity, communication, benefits, process and consciousness. The aim is to provide a reference for the smooth advancement of “Internet + medical education” practice in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 3D reconstruction digital model combined with PBL teaching for the training of tumor radiotherapy target delineation Liu Guohui, Wang Yanbo, Lan Tian, He Yunlong, Wang Chunbo, E Mingyan 2021, 41 (12):  1118-1121.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210531-00701 Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (885KB) ( 78 )   Objective To discuss the application outcomes of a 3D reconstruction digital model combined with problem-based learning (PBL) in the training of tumor radiotherapy target delineation. Methods Using the experimental control method. From January 2020 to January 2021, 30 trainees from the program of standardized residents training of oncology radiotherapy in Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital were selected as the research objects. Random sampling was used to divide them into an experiment group and a control group with 15 in each. The experiment group adopted PBL method supported by 3D reconstruction digital model, and the control group was trained by the PBL teaching method only. After the training, the two groups of trainees were evaluated on theoretical knowledge, clinical practice, and investigated by questionnaire surveys. Results The experimental group's theoretical evaluation score is (89.19±4.59) , which is higher than the control group's (85.21±2.32), and the practical skills score is (88.01±3.16) , which is also higher than the control group's (81.05±4.12), (all P<0.01). The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the trainees in the experimental group scored significantly higher on their teaching methods to improve learning efficiency than those in the control group [(3.75±0.62) vs. (2.89±0.53)]. The scores of skill for radiotherapy target delineation in experiment group were also higher than those of the control group [(4.03±0.56) vs. (3.53±0.67)], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions Three-dimensional reconstruction digital model combined with PBL method in the training of tumor radiotherapy target delineation significantly improves the trainees' clinical practice skill through enhancement of the learning outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and implementation of a “Cloud” MRI teaching system Peng Wenxian, Cao Yan, Wang Jingyan, Chen Shengfei, Tang Zixuan, Wang Mengxing, Sang Yuting 2021, 41 (12):  1122-1125.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210610-00737 Abstract ( 141 )   PDF (880KB) ( 81 )   In order to improve the experimental teaching effect of the course of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)technology and to tackle the challenges from lack of equipment for skill training and insufficient training time, the College of Medical Imaging of Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences designed and implemented a “Cloud” MRI teaching system based on DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) technology. This system simulated the whole process of MRI examination, and designed modules of patient information registration, examination sequence, imaging parameter setting, image browsing and processing, film format typesetting and printing. The teaching system supports multi-user online learning at the same time, provides practical teaching projects of multi-part MRI examination technology course, and has intelligent assistant with embedded micro teaching video of imaging parameters and operation assessment system. After two rounds of teaching practice, a good learning outcome has been proved by this new pathway of education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of dissertation quality assurance system in the Peking University Third Hospital Yuan Wenqing, Zhang Aijing, Huo Gang,Gu Shixian 2021, 41 (12):  1126-1130.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210301-00263 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (966KB) ( 88 )   The quality assurance of dissertations is an important part of graduate training, and the core value of dissertations lies in the contribution to innovative knowledge. Since 2018, based on the concept of total quality management, Peking University Third Hospital has actively implemented full participation, process-spanning management, all-sided quality management, IT-based smart management and gradually established a quality assurance system for dissertations. The project has achieved good results in improving the quality of dissertations, especially in ensuring the academic ethics of dissertations. From 2016 to 2020, the duplication rate of dissertations generally showed a downward trend. Establishing scientific culturing system, fully mobilizing all staff to participate in the whole process, forming a rigorous and innovative academic atmosphere, and continuously improving the quality of dissertations are very important to cultivate qualified innovative medical talents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The satisfaction survey of trainees for standardized resident training in the stomatological hospital affiliated to a university in Zhejiang Yu Mengfei, Qian Ying, Shao Yangjie, Chen Fei 2021, 41 (12):  1131-1135.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210526-00684 Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (899KB) ( 95 )   Objective To analyze the satisfaction of trainees with different characteristics for the standardized stomatological general resident training (abbreviated as resident training) work. Methods In March 2021, an application program of “Wenjuanxing” was used to conduct a satisfaction survey of 193 resident training students on the residential training base institute, online training system, department and trainer faculty in a stomatological hospital affiliated to a university in Zhejiang. The results were analyzed statistically. Results The total satisfaction scores of the trainees on the training base institute and the online training system are (4.02±0.40) and (4.05±0.40). Especially, the score for subsidy payments (3.43±1.40) and stability of online system (3.40±1.30) is the lowest. In terms to identity, the satisfaction score of professional Master Degree candidates for the training base institute and the training system was significantly lower than that of the doctors entrusted by other hospitals or from the affiliated hospital (all P＜0.01). Moreover, the satisfaction score of professional graduates for some indexes of the department and of clinical teachers is also lower.For example, the “management and teaching system” of maxillofacial surgery, the difference is statistically significant [57.14% (44/77), 83.33% (55/66) and 100.0% (20/20), P<0.01]. Conclusions The overall satisfaction of the training students is relatively high. Students with different identity characteristics differ in their satisfaction with the residential training base and the residential training system. The training base institute needs to optimize management details, pay attention to humanistic care and logistics services according to the characteristics of the personnel. The online system is a good tool for training. What's more, we should also pay attention to the needs of professional graduates for Master Degree and carry out stratified teaching according to different trainees' populations to promote the training outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The establishment of a standardized specialist training program for thoracic anesthesia Zhang Jing, Guo Zhixing, Ni Cheng, Tan Fengwei, Zhang Guohua, Zheng Hui 2021, 41 (12):  1136-1139.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210531-00699 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (926KB) ( 50 )   With the rapid development of thoracic surgery, the proportion of difficult operation has been gradually increasing, which stimulates staff capacity building and technology development of anesthesiology. Also, the contents of thoracic anesthesia training for residents are getting more complicated. The theory, standards and techniques involved are constantly updated, so it is of great value to establish a standardized thoracic anesthetic training program. It should include airway management, ventilation strategy, multimodal analgesia and post-operative enhanced recovery management. This paper reviews the current situation of thoracic anesthesia training to fill the gap in this field. The research focuses on the development of a competent faculty, the training cycle, evaluation and feedback mechanism. By establishing a standardized training program which may achieve the goal of training qualified anesthesiologists, improve peri-operative safety and accelerate post-operative rehabilitation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of online teaching effect of major courses of senior undergraduates of stomatology major Zhang Shu, Liu Jie 2021, 41 (12):  1140-1143.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210312-00333 Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (880KB) ( 74 )   Objective To explore the effect of online teaching for stomatology and to analyze the existing weakness of online teaching, so as to provide reference for improving quality of online teaching. Methods Data analyze method was applied in this study, and the examination performance of eight major courses in the second semester of senior undergraduates of stomatology major in Peking University Health Science Center enrolled in 2015 and 2016 and the performance of learning by undergraduates enrolled in 2016 were selected as the research objects. Students of enrolled in 2016 adopted online teaching supported by “Chaoxing Xuexitong” Learning Platform, while students of enrolled in 2015 adopted traditional classroom teaching method. Results Among the 8 courses, except for 6 courses with less practical operation, scores of more practical operation courses such as prosthodontics of undergraduates enrolled in 2016 were lower than that of undergraduates enrolled in 2015 [(77.69±11.28) vs. (82.02±4.42)] and periodontology [(75.76±10.95) vs. (83.17±5.94) ], and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05). The completeness of learning process during the first four weeks of undergraduates enrolled in 2016 was 44.3%(27/61), and it reached 100.0%(61/61) in the eighth week after feedback and supervision from teachers. Conclusions The effect of online teaching for stomatology courses based on multiple practical operation was not as good as the traditional offline teaching method, while the effects of stomatology courses learning which need less practical operation do not show significant difference between online and offline teaching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influencing factors in online learning by medical students Li Xue, Huang Guoqiong, Li Xin, Mei Wen, Yuan Di 2021, 41 (12):  1144-1148.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210607-00729 Abstract ( 131 )   PDF (2806KB) ( 141 )   Online learning ability has an important influence on the effect of online learning. This article uses research methods such as in-depth interviews and social network analysis to identify the relevant factors and specific relationships that affect medical students' online learning ability. The research results show that the main factors affecting medical students' online learning ability are the learner's ontological characteristics, course platform environment, teachers' individual characteristics and performance of classroom teaching. The learner's ontological characteristics are the most important factor. While the course platform environment and classroom teaching are affected by the learner's ontological characteristics, there is also a close correlation between the two; the influence of teachers' individual characteristics on the online learning is not so significant as compared to the other 3 aspects. It is recommended to pay attention to the characteristics of learners, enhance the direct influence of classroom teaching factors, optimize course platform environment, and strengthen teachers' capacity building, so as to improve the online learning ability of medical students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflections on Russian medical education system from the perspective of structural functionalism Tian Jing,Yang Libin, Zhao Chenxi, Zhu Liyan,Gao Rui, Li Qinglin, Wang Yanping, Yuan Jia, Cao Depin 2021, 41 (12):  1149-1152.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210618-00768 Abstract ( 107 )   PDF (880KB) ( 87 )   This paper applies Parsons' “AGIL” functional framework to analyze the medical education system of Russia in combination with Russia's economic system, political system, social community system and cultural model hosting system. Some thoughts and suggestions on the reform of medical education in China are formed like pooling social resources to provide stronger support ; refining system law, strengthening social solidarity; cooperating with all stakeholders an with integration of multiple culture elements, so to reform current social value concept and create a powerful engine to drive education development. References | Related Articles | Metrics