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01 June 2021, Volume 41 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Discussion and practice on construction of locally characterized first-class undergraduate education system in medical colleges to meet the needs of Healthy China Initiative Zhang Zhiyong, Sun Li, Li Li, Bai Ling 2021, 41 (6):  481-485.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200911-01324 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (849KB) ( 145 )   The construction of a healthy China has an ever-increasing demand for medical talents. The provincial medical schools are the main force in the training of medical talents, but how to build their high-standard undergraduate system is a serious challenge. This article puts forward the concept of building a first-class undergraduate system with unique characteristics. Taking Guilin Medical College as an example, this article explores the constructing of a locally characterized first-class undergraduates system of provincial medical schools, including adjusting the objectives of undergraduate talent training, optimizing the discipline structure, classified training, strengthening the capacity building of faculty, and improving teaching quality as well as learning outcomes, management and undergraduate teaching resources and funding. The practice has achieved some preliminary results which may be shared by other provincial-level colleges and universities in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice and innovation of building a platform for teachers in research positions in university affiliated hospitals based on Six Sigma management method Yuan Wenqing, Huo Gang, Zhang Aijing, Gu Shixian 2021, 41 (6):  486-489.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210122-00101 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (892KB) ( 95 )   The teachers in research positions play an important role in the cultivation of innovative medical talents. For a long time, the teachers in research positions in university affiliated hospitals lack proper development platform and system support. Based on the Six Sigma management method, this project systematically constructed a platform with the DMAIC (Define-Measure-Analysis-Improve-Control) model to encourage the teachers in research positions participating in teaching. As an institutional system, this platform could provide practical reference for the construction of the teachers in research positions in university affiliated hospitals. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of clinical training in standardized training of public health physicians Li Liqin, Li Yongguang, Tu Hua 2021, 41 (6):  490-493.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201116-01587 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (852KB) ( 93 )   In 2018, The National Health Commission initiated a pilot standardized training program for public health physicians in disease prevention and control. Hubei province, as one of the 10 pilot provinces, started a project of standardized training of public health physicians in 2018. This paper introduces the development of the training plan, program organization and implementation, quality control and other aspects in the clinical training stage of public health physicians and then identify the challenges as well as barriers for modification and optimization in future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Training objectives of undergraduates in program of health services and management in China Chen Jiangyun, Ouyang Tianxiang 2021, 41 (6):  494-498.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201017-01478 Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (1869KB) ( 55 )   Objective To analyze and summarize the orientation and differentiation of training objectives of undergraduates majoring in health services and management in different universities. Methods From June to October 2020, the undergraduate training objectives of 67 universities offering program of health services and management were analyzed through literature review and word frequency analysis. The Chinese version of software ROST-CM6 was applied to split words and extract high-frequency words from training objectives of health service and management program from 67 sample universities. The word frequency analysis was conducted in five dimensions: professionalism, knowledge requirements, capacity requirements, job orientation and talent type, to summarize the current differential orientation and problems of the program. Results The keyword management has the highest frequency as 24.3%(67/276), followed by application-oriented and innovation as 15.2%(42/276) and 10.5 % (29/276) respectively. Meanwhile, the distribution of keywords in different universities shows that the frequency of management found in 67 universities is 100.0%(67/67),the frequency of management and medical are 62.7%(42/67) and 35.8%(24/67) respectively. The distribution of the keyword management among different types of institutions was exactly the same, the difference in the distribution of the keyword medical in the knowledge requirement dimension among different types of institutions is statistically significant (P＜0.05), the number of institutions in which this keyword appears in the training objectives of medicine, science and technology, general and other categories is 12, 8, 2 and 2 respectively. Conclusions The training objectives of undergraduates majoring in health service and management in sample schools all focus on the cultivation of application-oriented talents, highlighting the cultivation of innovative spirit and capacity, with a certain degree of scientific and rationality. At present, the significant challenges come from the orientation of professional training objectives which is not clear enough and the core competitive strengthens are not enough. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Public health education in clinical curriculum: a teaching strategy of public health education for clinical students Qing Ping, Yao Yenan, Yan Yujiang 2021, 41 (6):  499-503.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201021-01498 Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (882KB) ( 95 )   Developing prevention strategies and public health awareness is the essential for undergraduates in medical school. However, the separation of clinical medicine and public health and the isolation of public health education in some colleges have affected the realization of this essential requirement. To strengthen the public health education of clinical students, public health education in the curriculum was put forward as a teaching strategy that learning of public health is logically integrated into clinical curriculum. To carry out it, colleges and universities should establish an effective implementation pathway. The faculty of clinical medicine should enhance their own awareness of public health and improve teaching quality in terms of suitable teaching materials and pedagogy of public health education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Teaching of human parasitology for international students during COVID-19 pandemic background Lyu Fangli, Shen Jilong 2021, 41 (6):  504-508.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201007-01428 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (886KB) ( 98 )   The outbreak of COVID-19 is a serious challenge to health of people all over the world and theco-infections of 2019-nCoV with parasites of people in low- and middle-income countries cannot be ignored. Since parasitic diseases are mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas including countries/regions along the “Belt and Road” and African continent, human parasitology course is closely related to training of international medical students especially those from developing countries. This article analyzes the current situation and existed weakness of human parasitology teaching for international medical students in China and proposes specific strategy and suggestion. The attention is paid to teachingco-infectionsof parasites and other pathogens like 2019-nCoV where the graduates will provide healthcare service after returning back.The examples are the co-infections of 2019-nCoV and plasmodium parasites or helminthes. This strategy is aiming for to integrating the concept of “One Health” into human parasitology teaching for international medical students, and to expand resources for online and offline teaching resources of human parasitology for international medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current situation of the empathy in Chinese medical school students Wang Kun, Duan Liping 2021, 41 (6):  509-513.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201208-01689 Abstract ( 210 )   PDF (889KB) ( 132 )   Empathy means the ability of understanding, being sensitive to the feelings of another object. It's an important factor for the benign doctor-patient relationship and patient's “physical and mental healing”. Empathy cultivation among the medical students helps them to get high empathy ability and will benefit their following career much. This article analyzed the current situation of cultivation and study of empathy in Chinese medical school students and found the common empathy level was in a middle level among medical students. The empathy level was influenced by sex, age, specialties, etc. The systemic cultivation of empathy for students was far from the needs. It is necessary to expand the studies of empathy among more medical specialties, then establish the appropriate cultivation methods for medical students to build up high empathy level. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Empathetic cultivation of medical humanistic spirit in the training of listening and speaking of medical English Wu Zeyang, Ren Rongzheng 2021, 41 (6):  514-518.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201225-01765 Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (875KB) ( 58 )   To cultivate all-round medical talents, apart from the the training of professional medical knowledge and skills, it is also important to strengthen the nurturing of medical humanistic spirit. This paper introduces the exploration made by Foreign Languages Teaching Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. We try to incorporate the cultivation of medical humanistic spirit into the training of listening and speaking of medical English through taking the socialist core values as the core and guidance and adopting the way of “empathy”. In the specific teaching practice, we establish different themes concerning the professional ethics, medical ethical relations and social hot events. Then we design four teaching steps, namely “empathy introduction”, “analysis and comment”, “discussion and inspiration” and “simulation and representation” through which realizes the recessive cultivation process from “emotional identification” to “internalization in the heart” and then to “externalization in practice”. In this way, we not only stimulate students' interest in learning, but also enlighten them on medical ethics and medical humanistic spirit. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of blended teaching model in biochemistry course for students majored in pharmacy Ma Liwei, Zhang Weifang, Chen Hao, Yu Wenhua, Wang Weiping, Yang Xiaohan, Han Limin, Ni Juhua, Yi Xia 2021, 41 (6):  519-522.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200921-01373 Abstract ( 228 )   PDF (934KB) ( 246 )   As a basic compulsory course for medical students,biochemistry and molecular biology (abbreviated as biochemistry) has a direct and far-reaching influence on the construction of knowledge structure and the students' capacity building. Considering the weakness of traditional teaching of biochemistry in meeting the needs of discipline and comprehensive capacity training of students, it is an urgent demand to construct an innovative biochemistry characteristic course that meets the professional needs and conforms to the development of the times. The School of Basic Medical Sciences of Peking University has carried out in-depth teaching reform on biochemistry course and first set up a biochemistry online course that was specifically tailored for students majoring in pharmacy in 2020. Following formulating the teaching objectives according to the professional needs, the teaching content was designed accurately and the student-oriented blended teaching mode was used to stimulate students' interest in learning, to improve their understanding and application of abstract knowledge, and to build their capacity of problem-solving and self-regulated learning. Meanwhile, the ideological education was penetrated into the curriculum. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of BOPPPS teaching mode based on the outcome-based education concept in the clinical training of respiratory medicine Di Jinna, Zhang Li, Liu Jingyu, Xin Yongbo, Xu Ruigang, Tong Qing, Zhao Defu 2021, 41 (6):  523-527.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201123-01612 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (854KB) ( 269 )   Objective To explore the application of BOPPPS teaching mode based on theoutcome-based education(OBE) concept in the practice of respiratory medicine. Methods This study uses the experimental control method. A total of 116 students from the 2016 five-year curriculum of clinical medicine in Jinzhou Medical University who were trained in Respiratory Medicine at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from September 2019 to November 2020 were selected as the research objects, and a random number table was used to divide them into experimental group and control group with 58 in each. The experimental group adopts OBE concept plus BOPPPS teaching method, and the control group uses traditional teaching methods. The teaching effect is evaluated by scores of knowledge test, clinical reasioning,evaluation of capacity building of and questionnaire survey. Results The knowledge test scores from experimental group students (83.62±4.64) were higher than those of the control group (80.53±4.52), the scores of clinical reasoning from experiment group (86.72±4.31) were higher than those of the control group (81.45±4.50),the scores of capacity building in the experimental group (88.41±3.73) were higher than those in the control group (75.78±2.70), all the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Most of the students in the experimental group were satisfied with the teaching with BOPPPS. Among them, 84.5%(49/58) believed that this teaching method mobilized the students' active learning interest and 82.8%(48/58)of the students thought it strengthened their self-confidence and sense of achievement. Conclusions BOPPPS method based on the OBE concept can improve the learning outcomes of medical students and encourage their active learning. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of virtual reality technology based on optical motion capture technique in the teaching of cardiovascular medicine Wang Haixu, Cong Ribo, Li Jing 2021, 41 (6):  528-532.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201012-01452 Abstract ( 142 )   PDF (874KB) ( 88 )   The teaching of cardiovascular medicine in China are facing challenges like monotonous teaching content and methods, single teaching form, less training for practical operation and so on, which lead to unsatisfactory teaching effect. Students are unable to combine medical theory with clinical practice effectively, and their operational skill is not well trained. The virtual reality technology based on optitrack motion capture can integrate the eye vision and hand operation of students in clinical skill training through the simulation of 3D content, so as to meet the needs for practical skill practice, real-time interaction and stimulating learning enthusiasm of students. This paper reviewed the development status and technical characteristics of virtual reality technology based on optical motion capture technique, as well as the weakness existing in the teaching of cardiovascular medicine, and discussed the application of this technology in the teaching of cardiovascular medicine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of simulator in pediatric simulation-based medical education Ding Jing, Xiao Yihan, Zeng Chaomei 2021, 41 (6):  533-536.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200922-01374 Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (869KB) ( 62 )   Simulation-based medical education (SBME) is a learner-centered teaching format, which provides learners a safe psychological environment by simulating real clinical scenes and applying high-fidelity simulators. In order to strengthen the authenticity of the simulated environment, many types of simulators are applied in the pediatric clinical education. Effective use of SBME in pediatrics requires paying attention to some educational principles, including curriculum integration, deliberate practice, debriefing, mastery learning, and ranking barriers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of virtual reality-based training tools in ocular anatomy teaching for medical undergraduates Zou Xuan, Wu Shijing, Sui Ruifang 2021, 41 (6):  537-540.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210112-00061 Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (864KB) ( 84 )   Objective To investigate the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) based training in the teaching of ocular anatomy for undergraduates. Methods From September to November 2020, a total of 51 students from eight-year program of clinical medicine in Peking Union Medical College were enrolled. They were randomly divided into the experimental group (25 students) and control group (26 students). The experimental group was trained with VR-assistant method, while the control group was trained with traditional PVC model. The same test of ocular anatomy was used for all the students, and a questionnaire survey was implemented for the experimental group. Results The average score of experimental group was higher than control group[(80.55±11.99) vs.(71.68±15.82), t=2.25, P=0.03]. In experimental group, 96.0% (24/25) students believed that VR model was more interesting and 80.0% (20/25) students thought VR model very helpful in learning ocular anatomy. Conclusions VR model can improve students' understanding of ocular anatomy, and most students think that VR learning is more interesting. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The current situation of clinical nutrition teaching for medical undergraduates Fan Yang, Xu Hongxia, Qin Yutong, Qin Yongjie, Huang Jianjun 2021, 41 (6):  541-544.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210121-00094 Abstract ( 132 )   PDF (834KB) ( 102 )   With the transformation of medical models,nutritional therapy has become an important part of clinical comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.The current situation of clinical nutrition education in China is not satisfactory, and the majority of clinicians have not been well-trained in this field, to strengthen the education on clinical nutrition for medicine undergraduates is very important. This paper described the current situation of clinical nutrition teaching for medical undergraduates and analyzed the existing problems by literature review.This study puts forward suggestions to improve clinical nutrition education for medical undergraduates with offering clinical nutrition elective courses, integrating course teaching content, highlighting clinical practicability; flexible use of multimedia technology, building a network teaching platform; optimizing the teaching staff, forming an integrated teaching group and other measures to help medical students master the basic knowledge of clinical nutrition and establish awareness of clinical nutrition treatment, laying the foundation for future clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and practice of the capacity-oriented advanced experimental teaching schemes of basic medicine Gu Mingmin, Xu Weirong, Niu Xiaoyin, Zhao Wei, Hu Youmin, Sun Yueping, Chen Sunhong, Su Yi, Wang Hao, Guo Xiaokui 2021, 41 (6):  545-549.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201009-01434 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (877KB) ( 107 )   In order to implement the spirit of practical teaching reform of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, based on the theory of practical teaching, combined the experience of world-class universities with the principle of keeping cultural inheritance and innovation, designed and implemented the capacity-oriented advanced experimental teaching scheme, which consisted of five advanced levels: introduction to experiment, basic experiment, comprehensive experiment, inquiry experiment and laboratory rotation training of research. The practice has achieved good results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The innovative mode of continuous education and standardized training for primary ultrasound doctors in Shaanxi province Chen Xi, Liu Liwen, Song Hongping, Zheng Minjuan, Xu Hui, An Li, Gu Fen, Ren Zhen, Han Wei, Luo Lan 2021, 41 (6):  550-553.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210207-00184 Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (828KB) ( 49 )   This paper introduces standardized training for ultrasound doctors in the in Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University take as a training platform serving the training program of residents in Shaanxi province, and characterized by reform of teaching mode, teaching method and of teaching content. To establish and improve the training management, optimizing the teaching plan, to develop a comprehensive evaluation system and exploring more the scientific management methods in order to explore the new education mode of continuous education and standardized training for primary ultrasound doctors in Shaanxi province. In addition, we try to build a top international training base for the standardized and continuing education for ultrasound doctors, thus to train more qualified ultrasound talents for the people. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on admission written examination of “4+4” medical programs for college graduates in Peking Union Medical College Yi Jingjing, Xu Weiwei, Zeng Le, Zhang Qin 2021, 41 (6):  554-557.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201020-01488 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (831KB) ( 158 )   Objective To explore the effect of the written examination of “4+4”medical doctor program for college graduates specialty which focuses on the knowledge of related subjects of the medical major of the graduates with multi-disciplinary background and thus try to orient and guide the preparation of the written entrance examination. Methods In December 2020, the undergraduate education background and the examination scores of 58 candidates who entered the re-examination and participated in the written examination for “4+4” medical doctor programs in Peking Union Medical College were selected as the samples and analyzed by descriptive statistics, Spearman rank correlation analysis and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results The students who participated in the written examination were all fromthe double first-class disciplines universities in China and high-level universities of the world. Their undergraduate education backgrounds were science, engineering, economics, agriculture, management, etc. According to the analyses, it was concluded that there is no correlations between exam scores and GPA (r=0.052,P=0.701); The scores of 35 students who have been enrolled and 23 students who failed to pass the examination were 67.0 (62.0,71.0) and 58.5 (52.5,65.0) respectively,the difference was significant(Z=-3.709,P＜0.01). Conclusions The students who participate in the written examination have diverse undergraduate education backgrounds. It is effective to set up an written examination to ensure the learning capacity of students for the 4 year medical curriculum.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Matrix analysis of clinical medical students' evaluation on importance and satisfaction of their undergraduate education Chen Tianzhi, You You, Xu Shiyao, Wang Zhifeng 2021, 41 (6):  558-562.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201103-01543 Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (1764KB) ( 74 )   Objective Investigating and analyzing the clinical medical students' evaluation on importance and satisfaction of their university, so as to find out the advantages of their undergraduate education and the areas that need to be improved. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 257 clinical medical students enrolled in 2015 in X University to evaluate on the importance and satisfaction of the university. The importance-satisfaction matrix was used to analyze the survey results. Results The total score of students' evaluation on the importance and satisfaction of undergraduate education was 3.95 and 3.82 respectively. The importance (2.91) of PBL teaching and its satisfaction (3.21) were both lower than others. The importance-satisfaction matrix showed that the courses, teachers and atmosphere of X University were in the competitive advantage area, but the scientific research training/guidance in all stages, logistics support, experimental courses and hardware facilities in basic and clinical stages, and internship in clinical stage were those need urgent improvement. Conclusions The investigated students in X University have insufficient understanding of the importance of PBL teaching. The university has advantages in curriculum, teachers and learning environment, but there is still space for improvement in scientific research training/guidance in all stages, logistics support, experimental courses and hardware facilities in basic and clinical stages and internship training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and reflection upon the evaluation results of resident standardized training program Ruan Hengchao, Fan Lijie, Geng Xiaobei, Wu Zhenlong 2021, 41 (6):  563-566.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210113-00064 Abstract ( 171 )   PDF (829KB) ( 117 )   By analyzing the evaluation results of 6 groups and 15 notifications from resident standardized training programs in 2019 organized and announced by Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA), this study sorted out the existing problems in the basic conditions, training administration, teacher management, training quality and other first-class indicators of the current program. It is suggested that the health administration department should strengthen the construction and supervision of the basic conditions for resident standardized training programs, optimize supervision and evaluation at provincial level, ensure the quality of self-evaluation and hospital level supervision, expand the coverage of program evaluation, and constantly improve the capacity building of the evaluation experts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characterization and revelation on the master program of business administration (MBA) of healthcare management in the University of Illinois at Chicago Ou Zhenghong, Wei Lin, Min Xiaohui 2021, 41 (6):  567-571.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201002-01422 Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (883KB) ( 70 )   Development of national healthcare industry needs to bring up trans-disciplinary healthcare management talents with international visions. In line with this demand, Health Human Resources Development Centre (HHRDC) of National Health Commission (NHC) of China and the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) have signed a cooperation framework agreement to explore the cultivation of such talents, and UIC has offeredan one-year program of graduate education for master degree of business administration in healthcare management to nourish Chinese medical and pharmaceutical practitioners. This article reviewed the characteristics of this graduate training system, including learning objective, training process, curriculum settings, teaching methods, evaluation system and employment linking up, which may provide a positive reference for the graduate education in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inspiration from outpatient training of family residents at the University of California,San Diego(UCSD) Zheng Lingxiao, Chi Chunhua 2021, 41 (6):  572-576.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210106-00018 Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (856KB) ( 49 )   The United States is the birthplace of modern family medicine, and it is a world leader in the construction of the family medicine education system and the standardized training of family residents. The current training program of general practitioner (GP) in China is non-homogeneous, and outpatient training is inadequate. In order to orient the training of GP and to improve the quality of GP standardized training in China, this study compares the GP training in University of California, San Diego(UCSD ) with that in the Department of Family Medicine and the Department of General Medicine of Peking University Health Science Center, focusing on the differences in outpatient training , such as the ratio of outpatient rotation to the total rotation time and the independent consultation .The article also reviewed relevant literatures and discussed the enlightenment of the American family medicine outpatient training for GP residents training in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics