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The discussion of medical education research being the teaching academic research Shao Gengcheng 2017, 37 (3):  321-328.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.001 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (1088KB) ( 18 )   This paper proposes the idea of medical education research is teaching academic research based on the sprit of reform and creative times. The traditional idea of paying too much attention to scientific research and despising teaching is discarded and the modern idea of paying attention to both of scientific research and teaching is reconstructed, providing the theoretical support to medical education research. It will be in fever of the development of academic activities of medical education research and the development of more qualified teaching activities by medical schools. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study about curriculum design of medical education based on post-modern curriculum theory Wang Yan, Huang Ruiyan 2017, 37 (3):  329-332.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.002 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (891KB) ( 8 )   The article has analyzed the theoretical foundation, basic connotation and outstanding features of post-modern curriculum theory from two dimensions of the critical post-modern curriculum view and the constructive post-modern curriculum view. The article has analyzed the core elements of medical curriculum design based on post-modern curriculum theory, students, teachers and administrators, they are not only the core, but also the auxiliary, putted forward a research oriented academic community which is formed by the mutual symbiosis of students, teachers and administrators is the ideal pursuit of medical curriculum design. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Implications of the self-determination theory for physician professionalism cultivation Ding Ning, Wang Bin, Wen Deliang 2017, 37 (3):  333-336.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.003 Abstract ( 38 )   PDF (952KB) ( 22 )   Chinese medical industry is facing many challenges, such as explosive developments of medical technology and knowledge, and the strained relationship between physicians and patients. In order to ensure and enhance the quality of healthcare service delivered, it is time to develop the professionalism status of physicians. This paper firstly shows the evolution of the analysis frameworks of professionalism. Then, based on explanations of human being behaviors according to the motivation structure and basic psychological demands proposed by the self-determination theory, recommendations were made for physician professionalism cultivations, in particular the formation of professional identity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The current situation of obstetrics and gynecology teams in Lhasa and the reflections on professional talent cultivation Lyu Tao, Bianbazhuoma, Zhang Lili, Geyang, Pubuzhuoma, Li Xueqin , Pubuyangzong 2017, 37 (3):  337-340.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.004 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (890KB) ( 11 )   The paper investigates the current situation of obstetrics and gynecology professional teams in Lhasa and analyzes the requirement from the patients suffering from the common and frequent diseases as well as the complicated diseases. It is expected that the obstetrics and gynecology professional team construction will draw attention on the premise of promoting obstetrics and gynecology medical service level. With thoughtful reflection, the authors put forward the measures and ideas of how to reinforce the obstetrics and gynecology talent cultivation and professional team construction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of physician training ability in the non-traditional Chinese medicine colleges and universities Wang Qiong, Liu Luyang, Hu Yingnan,Huang Ningyu, Wang Fengzhen, Liu Chunxiang, Wang Beiying, Yang Jinsheng 2017, 37 (3):  341-346.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.005 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (906KB) ( 32 )   This study aimed to analysis the pass rate (PR) in examination of doctors' qualification (EDQ) of the graduates in non-traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) colleges and university in 2013-2015 and to compare their ability. The data showed, the total PR of the TCM program in recent three years was 60.41%, 60.28%, 60.62%. The top one was 93.55%,90.00%,90.53%, the lowest was 34.04%,20.00%,27.74%. The total PR of the integrated Chinese and western medicine program in recent three years was 51.76%, 47.52%, 54.84%. The top one was 83.33%,75.86%,84.55%, the lowest was 25.00%,18.67%,24.15%. There was big disparity in the PR in the non-TCM colleges and universities. Although there are many colleges and universities set TCM related programs, but few have TCM physician training ability. Taking the PR as an index to evaluate the physician training ability among the non-TCM colleges and universities is helpful to them on setting TCM related programs, discipline construction and development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On classified cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine talents in higher vocational education Jin Hong 2017, 37 (3):  347-351.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.006 Abstract ( 42 )   PDF (967KB) ( 12 )   According to the current situation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) talents cultivation in recent years, this paper analyzes the development opportunities of TCM education from the perspective of national TCM strategy and medium and long-term education reform development planning. This paper also expounds that implementing classified training of talents in TCM higher educational is necessary for deepening the reform of higher education and carrying out TCM development strategy. Based on the thought of the model of innovative talents educating, the classified cultivating measure of talents, which are divided into four types of clinical application, the succession of teaching from a master to his disciples, innovation and invention and internationalization is proposed to be applied to TCM higher vocational education, realizing all-round and diversified talents cultivation goals of TCM treatment, health care, inheritance, education, innovation, industry, culture and overseas development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A preliminary study on the construction of postgraduates' tutorial team in the teaching hospital from the perspective of the teaching staff's academic relationship structure Fang Huiying, Jiang Kexin, Fu Yapeng, Jiao Mingli 2017, 37 (3):  352-355.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.007 Abstract ( 35 )   PDF (898KB) ( 13 )   Objective This paper gives the feasible suggestions to optimize the construction of instructors in teaching hospitals in China from the perspective of academic margin structure so as to improve the quality of education of medical postgraduates in China.Methods Through the descriptive study on the status quo of the graduate tutor of four teaching hospitals in Heilongjiang Province, and the related literatures at home and abroad, it was analyzed the exist problems and solutions in the construction of postgraduates in China's clinical medical field from the perspective of academic margin structure.Results Not only unreasonable phenomenon in the academic structure of the four postgraduates in a medical college in Heilongjiang Province, but also a phenomenon of “inbreeding” in the majority of teaching hospitals in China.Conclusions There are unreasonable phenomena in the construction of postgraduates' tutor in most clinical teaching hospitals in our country. We should continue to optimize the clinical teaching system by strengthening government responsibility, perfect hospital management system, strengthening instructor teaching and medical ethics, etc. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on status of teacher's development in a medical college Wu Hongyan, Cheng Yiqun, Zhang Xiujun, Sun Yehuan, Lyu Xiongwen 2017, 37 (3):  356-360.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.008 Abstract ( 44 )   PDF (973KB) ( 26 )   Objective To learn the status of teacher's development in a medical college, aim to promote teacher's ability on teaching and training of excellent physician.Methods 235 teachers and 958 students were selected as the objects by random and cluster sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire were used to evaluate teacher's development status.Results Teaching effect and teaching quality assessment by teachers themselves were good. Career satisfaction was high. The level of occupational burnout was low. Problems and shortages of teacher's development in this medical college are lack of training and further study, stress of scientific research and position promoting, heavy workloads, low satisfaction of salary and assessment of academic rank, imperfection of working conditions and the work atmosphere.Conclusions Strategies need to be conduct to promote teachers' professional development and improve teachers' teaching ability: strengthening teachers' training, improve the working environment and atmosphere, establishing the correct career development view and plans, set up the system of teaching reflection, and scientific and reasonable incentive mechanism to improve teachers' teaching enthusiasm and initiative. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the satisfaction of Chinese preparatory education to international undergraduates' clinical medicine learning Liu Tingyan 2017, 37 (3):  361-366.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.009 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (917KB) ( 11 )   This study surveyed international undergraduates, who have completed Chinese preparatory education, about their Chinese language usages in academic learning of medicine. The results indicated that Chinese preparatory education could not fully satisfy language need of students' academic learning, which language difficulties still exist in. Especially, students' Chinese listening, reading and writing skills in academic context need to be improved. The purpose of Chinese preparatory education, including teaching of general Chinese as well as Chinese for specific purposes, is to satisfy language need of students' academic learning. With this purpose, it needs to increase teaching hours and to enhance language element researches in teaching of Chinese for specific purposes, to set up and to perfect evaluation system for Chinese preparatory education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of English teacher standardized patients in the clinical teaching of overseas student internship in gastrointestinal surgery department Feng Ning, Lin Feng, Xue Fan, Cui Yougang, Zhang Xu, Yi Yupeng, Kong Xiangyu, Liu Wenzhi 2017, 37 (3):  367-370.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.010 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (952KB) ( 10 )   Objective To further investigate the effect of English teacher standardized patients on the communication ability of overseas interns during the internship in gastrointestinal surgery department.Methods A total of 60 medical college oversea interns in gastrointestinal surgery department were randomly divided into two groups, English teacher standardized patient group (TSP group n=30) and traditional teaching group (T group n=30). T group students received lectures and teaching ward rounds while TSP group students received lectures and TSP teaching. The scores of clinical skills and theoretical knowledge were compared between TSP group and T group. The questionnaire was sent to students to investigate the students' feeling of TSP teaching and the internship feedback.Results The scores were significantly higher in TSP group than in T group. Most students held the positive attitude for TSP teaching.Conclusions Internship teaching with TSP can improve the teaching quality in gastrointestinal surgery department. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The analysis of preventive medicine underground curriculum of a university Wang Chen, Wang Xiaoli, Cai Jingyi 2017, 37 (3):  371-375.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.011 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (911KB) ( 13 )   The present article analyzes the existing problems of undergraduate curriculum of preventive medicine major from the perspective of the students and experts of this major, credit structure and content of the curriculum and puts forwards concrete suggestions to perfect the course system: reduce the total credit requirements; establish the subject position of major courses; improve the proportion of elective courses; strengthen the cultivation of practical ability and the humanities education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Attitudes towards optional courses and requirements analysis in students from Peking University Health Science Center Chen Xiaomeng, Wang Meng, He Yingdong, Zhang Zepeng, Chen Juan 2017, 37 (3):  376-380.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.012 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (964KB) ( 14 )   Objective To explore the importance for medical schools to develop optional courses and the obstacles emerged in the process in the perspective of medical students.Methods The participants were 390 undergraduates sampled from all the sophomores and junior students in Peking University Life Science Center by stratified random sampling. To meet the purpose of investigation, self-made questionnaires were used to conduct the quantitative survey and a self-edited interview outline was used to guide the qualitatively interview.Results Students had a low opinion of curriculum arrangement, mainly involved in the limited range of courses, importer way of choosing courses, shortage of systematical course description. Students required that: school could increase the number of humanities and social sciences courses, art classes and gym classes; departments could loose up the requirements for optional credits; the course service platform could consummate the courses description; course selection process could switch to a more disinterested one; and the teachers could conduct classes and exams in more open and flexible ways.Conclusions Recent general education resource and quality might not meet the requirements of students well. To achieve the aim of general education, medical schools were recommended to carry out groping teaching reformation from three aspects: the abundance and quality of curriculum, the methods of teaching and examination as well as the development of peripheral arrangement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on integrating historical culture of hospitals into the ideological and political education of medical students Hu Bing, Kong Lingcong, Dong Liang 2017, 37 (3):  381-385.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.013 Abstract ( 23 )   PDF (967KB) ( 17 )   Objective The study is to explore the effect of hospital historical culture on the ideological and political education of medical students.Methods The study investigates the humanism and professional self-identity of medical students in the setting of the 170th annual serial ceremony of Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine by questionnaire investigation.Results 79.5% (124/156) of the medical students assumed that the education of schoolyard culture plays a role in the cultivation of humane spirit, while 50.0%(78/156) of the medical students supposed that it could enhance the professional self-identity of doctors. The education of schoolyard culture was proved to have positive influence in the development of humanism, professional self-identity, occupational emotion, professional behavior along with occupational values of medical students.Conclusions The ideological and political education staff in colleges should attach importance to the education of schoolyard culture, and regard it as the breakthrough point of ideological and political education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reform practice in the class discussion of medical genetics guided by professional ability Liu Dan, Zhao Zhongxin, Zheng Lihong, Chen Ping, Mei Qingbu, Dong Jing, Zhang Minglong 2017, 37 (3):  386-390.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.014 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (910KB) ( 7 )   Objective To evaluate the effect and improve medical students' practice abilities using the Sandwich teaching method in medical genetics course.Methods As the research object, 758 undergraduate students of Qiqihar Medical University in grade 2011 and 2012 were selected, including clinical medicine and medical inspection technology. There were 395 students of grade 2011 in the control group, and there were 363 students of grade 2012 in the experimental group. Control group adopted group discussion method, while the experimental group used the Sandwich teaching method. After the courses, scores of final exam, scores of class discussion and students' practice abilities were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Results The test result of experimental group was better than that of control group, it showed statistical difference(P＜0.01). Class discussion's score of experimental group was higher than that of control group, it showed statistical difference(P＜0.01). Each score of practice abilities of the experimental group was higher than that of control group, and showed statistical difference (all P＜0.01).Conclusions The Sandwich teaching method obtained good teaching effect. Through the real cases, students have a strong thirst for medical clinical knowledge. It can improve the students' autonomous learning. On the other hand, it can dramatically improve medical students' professional abilities and professional qualities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of case-based learning teaching method with internet in physiology teaching Zhang Haifeng, Liu Zhiyue 2017, 37 (3):  391-393.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.015 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (883KB) ( 12 )   Objective To explore the teaching effects of Internet case teaching method in physiology.Methods Select 81 undergraduate students from College of Medicine of Inner Mongolia Medical University as the research object and divide the students into the experimental group and control group. The students in experimental group use the Internet and case-based learning teaching method, the students in the control group use the traditional teaching methods. At the end of the semester, a questionnaire and examination are taken to evaluate the teaching effect of two groups of students.Results The performance of students in the experimental group is better than the control group (P< 0.05), with statistical significance; the survey results showed that the learning interests, self-learning abilities and knowledge acquisition of the experimental students are better than the control group(P<0.05), with statistical significance.Conclusions In physiology teaching, the case-based learning teaching method with internet is superior to the traditional method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Case-based learning teaching approach applied in probation of eight-year medical program Wang Wei, Yu Qizhi, Li Haichao 2017, 37 (3):  394-398.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.016 Abstract ( 33 )   PDF (914KB) ( 36 )   Objective To explore the application of case-based learning(CBL)teaching approach in probation of eight-year medical program.Methods 88 clinical medicine students of eight-year program of grade 2009 and 2010 were as the control group,and 81 clinical medicine students of eight-year program of grade 2011 and 2012 were as the experimental group. In control group,we tried to take CBL teaching method and collected targeted improving measures. The improved CBL teaching was applied for experimental group. After the course,the teaching effect was evaluated by questionnaire.Results The level of satisfaction, adaption and interestingness were improved greatly in experimental group. The improved CBL teaching can improve clinical ability effectively.Conclusions Practice shows that well-designed and well-organized CBL teaching can be better accepted and recognized by medical students in probation, providing new ideas for clinical teaching reform. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the WeChat platform combined problem-based learning teaching method for clinical probation teaching in department of internal medicine Li Jingwei, Yu Ting, Xu Xiuying, Liang Pixia 2017, 37 (3):  399-402.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.017 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (897KB) ( 13 )   Objective To evaluate the feasibility of problem-based learning(PBL) combined with WeChat's teaching model in clinical probation teaching.Methods The students of grade 2011 and grade 2012 on clinical medicine program in Capital Medical University were applied with two different teaching methods. The grade 2011 were applied traditional PBL teaching method and the grade 2012 were applied PBL combined with WeChat teaching method. The teaching effect was assessed after testing and measuring.Results The students of grade 2012 had better test scores in the first department of internal medicine and had better total scores in department of internal medicine (t=-2.688,P＜0.05; t=-3.372,P＜0.05)and learning effect such as learning interest and more comprehensive profit about analysis of clinical thinking than grade 2011 (all P< 0.05).Conclusions In clinical probation teaching, the method of PBL combined with WeChat can promote knowledge acquirement and improve the clinical ability on thinking and analysis in department of internal medicine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of combined teaching method in orthopedics probation teaching Yan Kang, Yue Yan, Lin Yizhuo, Yan Song, Zhao Zhen, Wang Haipeng, Zhang Enwei, Yang Tongtao, Ma Bao'an 2017, 37 (3):  403-406.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.018 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (898KB) ( 14 )   Objectives To evaluate the teaching efficiency of case-based learning(CBL) combined with problem-based learning(PBL) in clinical probation teaching of orthopedics, and to provide a theoretic basis for the clinical practice of undergraduate teaching.Methods A randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the efficiency of different teaching methods through examination and questionnaire.Results To evaluate the knowledge mastery level of students in different groups through examination. The results show that the knowledge mastery level of students in “CBL combined with PBL group” was better than that in “PBL group”. Through questionnaire survey, the students' recognition of different teaching methods was evaluated. A total of 190 questionnaires were issued, and all of them were replied. The results from questionnaire survey show that the students were more satisfied to the “CBL combined with PBL” teaching method. Students in “CBL combined with PBL group” were better than that in “PBL group” in the aspects of learning motivation, expression ability, interest in learning, team cooperation ability, communication between teachers and students, and the results were statistically significant. However, students in “PBL group” were better in the aspects of literature retrieval and comprehensive analysis abilities. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of self-learning ability.Conclusions Our teaching faculty applied “CBL combined with PBL teaching method” to the clinical probation teaching practice of orthopedics, and effectively improve the teaching efficiency and students' ability in solving problems. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of the common teaching methods were briefly discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of two teaching methods in clinical clerkship in geriatrics Ge Wei, Wang Qian, Wang Xiaoming, Zhang Qian, Xue Mingtao, Li Cui, Wang Yanni 2017, 37 (3):  407-410.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.019 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (955KB) ( 12 )   Objective To investigate the effect of case-based learning (CBL) and What-Why-How-How do (W2H2) thinking training in clerkship in geriatrics department.Methods 45 clerkship students in the department of geriatrics were randomly divided into CBL+ W2H2 teaching group (n=23) and traditional teaching group (n=22). At the end of clerkship,theoretical examination,clinical case writing examination and questionnaire were carried out.Results The scores of students in CBL+W2H2 teaching group were higher than those in traditional teaching group. In addition, the learning initiative, the ability of doctor-patient communication and self-confidence of students in CBL+W2H2 teaching group were better than those in traditional teaching group.Conclusions Combined teaching methods of CBL and W2H2 thinking training can improve the teaching quality in the clinical clerkship in geriatrics department. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application effect of Flipped classroom teaching of clinical nursing in the operating room Chang Gang 2017, 37 (3):  411-413.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.020 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (877KB) ( 10 )   Objective To study the application of Flipped classroom teaching method in clinical practice teaching of operating room nursing clinical teaching.Methods 84 under graduate internship students of Jinzhou Medical University(grade 2012)were selected, and divided into 2 equal groups, the experimental group was taught with Flipped classroom method, the control group was taught with traditional method, the effects of the two methods were compared by examining them and evaluating their clinical performance.Results The score and performance of experimental group were better than those of control group. The students thought that the Flipped classroom increased their interests and efficiency in learning and improved their ability of self-study.Conclusions The Flipped classroom teaching method used in clinical practice teaching of operating room nursing clinical teaching improve students' learning interests and achievements,and further improve their ability of self-study and clinical emergency response capacity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of seminar teaching in clinical noviciate of internal medicine Zeng Jiangzheng, Lei Junhua, Huang Fen, He Zhihui 2017, 37 (3):  414-418.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.021 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (909KB) ( 10 )   Objective To evaluate the effects of seminar teaching in clinical noviciate of internal medicine.Methods Clinical medicine undergraduates were randomly apportioned to a experimental group (n=15) with seminar teaching method, and a control group (n=15) with traditional teaching method. Mini-clinical evaluation exercise(Mini-CEX) ,Chinese version of critical thinking disposition inventory (CTDI-CV) and active learning state (ALS) scale were used to evaluate the teaching effects.Results In the experimental group, medical students' scores of each index of Mini-CEX, CTDI-CV (exception of critical thinking ability self-confidence and cognitive maturity) and ALS scale were significantly higher than those before clinical noviciate and those of the control group.Conclusions Implementing seminar teaching in clinical noviciate of internal medicine is conducive to improve clinical practice ability, clinical thinking ability and autonomous learning ability of medical students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of Flipped classroom based on micro-lecture in clinical probation of rheumatoid arthritis Liang Jinjian, Li Qianhua, Mo Yingqian, Li Yanhua, Wang Xiaoying, Wei Xiuning,Zheng Donghui,Dai Lie 2017, 37 (3):  419-423.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.022 Abstract ( 34 )   PDF (1030KB) ( 19 )   Objective To explore the application of Flipped classroom based on micro-lecture in clinical probation of rheumatoid arthritis.Methods Exploratory research was taken in this study. Twenty-six medical students of eight-year program were recruited. The students studied micro-lecture about rheumatoid arthritis on Blackboard E-learning platform before clinical probation. During probation class, they conducted individual test, history taking and physical examination on real patients with typical rheumatoid arthritis, case summary and analysis about diagnosis and treatment and group test. Finally, the students evaluated this teaching by 10 score scales questionnaire.Results On average, the students took 2.2 hours in micro-lecture and E-learning before the class. The individual and group tests showed that the students had good knowledge on basic theory compared with poor knowledge on clinical practice. They were able to finish history taking and physical examination but were not well skilled. The case summary revealed that they needed more training on the case analysis and clinical reasoning. All students support this new teaching method.Conclusions The Flipped classroom based on micro-lecture is efficacy on training students' clinical thinking and skills, indicating that it can be promoted as a supplement to the existing teaching method for clinical probation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of picture achieving and communicating system in the practice learning of medical imaging Cheng Jin, Wang Xu, Chen Lei 2017, 37 (3):  424-427.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.023 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (898KB) ( 22 )   Objective To investigate the application values of the picture achieving and communicating system (PACS) in the practice learning in the course of medical imaging.Methods Taking 90 eight-year program medical students of class 2012 and 2013 of Peking University Health Science Center as the research object. They were divided into experimental group (n=47) and the control group (n=43) according to class of 2013 and 2012, respectively. In the experimental group, PACS was introduced in the practice learning of the medical imaging. In the control group, conventional films were used. The application values of PACS were evaluated by the results of questionnaires and examinations.Results The scores of practice learning of medical imaging in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=3.108, P<0.05). Based on questionnaires after the courses, all students in the experimental group were satisfied with the using of PACS in practice learning of medical imaging.Conclusions PACS is a useful tool in the practice learning of medical imaging, and could be generalized in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and construction of digital experimental teaching resource library in histology Zhang Xudong, Niu Xianglan, Huo Xiaolei, Wang Gaiqin, Tian Yun, Jia Shuhua 2017, 37 (3):  428-431.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.024 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (1011KB) ( 16 )   This article discussed the construction contents of digital experimental teaching resource library in histology,analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of applying digital experimental teaching resource library in experimental teaching process. Practice has proved that the establishment and application of the digital experimental teaching resources library in histology made up for the shortcomings of the traditional teaching model,enhanced its own value in experimental teaching process,and greatly facilitated the teacher's teaching and the student's learning. However,because of its own limitations,the development of digital teaching resource library should use its good points and avoid its shortcomings in experimental teaching process. In order to fully play its own advantages and to better serve the teaching and learning,the digital experimental teaching resource library in histology should rationally integrate the traditional teaching model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application and existing problems of Wechat in teaching medical courses Liu Xiaomei, Fang Zhaoqin 2017, 37 (3):  432-436.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.025 Abstract ( 161 )   PDF (913KB) ( 15 )   As a auxiliary teaching means, Wechat has been used in the teaching of medical courses and achieved good teaching effect. This article reviewed and expounded the application situation of Wechat in the teaching of clinical practice courses including clinical medicine, nursing and medical imaging and medical laboratory technology courses, and basic medical courses. In the meanwhile, it illustrated the characteristics and existing problems of application of Wechat in the teaching of medical courses, and pointed out that the participation and regulation of student's study, the establishment of evaluation way and the optimization of presentation mode of teaching content for Wechat teaching have a large room to improve. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The practice and thinking of physiology study based on the online blackboard-writing Wang Jue, Zhou Xinru, Ai Heng, Zhou Wenxia, Chen Shuting, Qiu Rong, Qian Lingbo 2017, 37 (3):  437-440.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.026 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (1029KB) ( 8 )   Objective To explore the effect of online blackboard-writing on physiology study.Methods One hundred and twenty students majoring medical imaging were divided into two groups, control group using PowerPoint courseware and test group using online blackboard-writing, to study physiology. After finishing the study, the test group was evaluated by CTDI-CV questionnaire, and the teaching effect was examined by physiological term examination.Results The average score and excellent rates of the term examination were both improved in the test group compared with control group. The questionnaire survey showed that 86.7% students like using online blackboard-writing on physiology study in the test group.Conclusions Online blackboard-writing helps the teacher to improve the modern teaching technique and the teaching effects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of tele-simulation and on-site method for fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery skills training Shen Kai, Liang Shujing, Liang Bin, Yin Mujun, Liu Jing, Jiang Guanchao, Ye Yingjiang, Wang Shan 2017, 37 (3):  441-444.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.027 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (999KB) ( 34 )   Objective To evaluate the effect of using tele-simulation and on-site method for teaching the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery skills training.Methods A total of 53 surgeons were selected from Peking University People's Hospital participated in this 8-week fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery(FLS) training from November, 2012 to August, 2015. Tele-simulation was set up for 22 surgeons as experimental group. A standard FLS on-site training for the 33 surgeons was as control group. FLS's skills pretest and post-test scores were obtained in both groups.Results Participants had higher post-test FLS scores(89.3±5.3) than their pretest's(55.3±6.6), and it showed statistical difference(P<0.001). Between the two groups, control group had higher pretest FLS scores(61.8±6.5) than that of experimental group (46.1±7.2), and it showed statistical difference(P<0.001). There was no statistical difference in the post-test FLS scores between them(P=0.66).Conclusions Fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery skills training can significantly improve the laparoscopic skills of the trainees. Tele-simulation is an effective method for the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery skills training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice of the “specific disease group model” in critical care medicine teaching Tian Rui, Jin Wei, Xia Feng, Zhou Zhigang, Wang Ruilan 2017, 37 (3):  445-447.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.028 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (937KB) ( 6 )   Objective Evaluation the effect of the “specific disease group model” in critical care medicine teaching.Methods When the 36 students joining our department of Critical Care Medicine of Shanghai General Hospital, they were divided into two groups: the experiment group and the control group(12 of experiment group and 24 of control group), to do the one month clinical practice. When they finished the practice, they took tests, gave lecture and answered the questionnaire to receive the evaluation of the practice. After they finished the whole year practice, we calculated the papers, subjects and rewards the students got, to evaluate the research ability of the students according to the group they belonged to.Results There were no statistic deference of exam results within the two groups(t=1.737, P＞0.05). But the students of the experiment group did better than the control group students in lecture, questionnaire, paper writing and subject application.Conclusions The “specific disease group” model had superiority in training the students' clinical thinking, self-study ability and research ability, compared to the regular group. Meanwhile , the students in the “specific disease group” had the better experience of clinic work, interest and satisfaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on application of integrated teaching method in nursing undergraduate students of midwifery in clinical practice Zhang Junhua, Zhong Yi, Zhang Chunhua, Xiong Guimei 2017, 37 (3):  448-452.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.029 Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (907KB) ( 7 )   Objective To explore the teaching effect of integrated teaching method in nursing undergraduate students of midwifery in clinical practice.Methods Nursing undergraduate students of midwifery in clinical practice in our department in the year of 2014, 2015 were chosen as object of study. 19 students of 2015 who were taught by integrated teaching method(problem-based learning+case-based learning+lecture-based learning)in clinical practice were chosen as experiment group and 20 of 2014 who were taught by conventional teaching methods were control group. After the clinical practice, subjective evaluation of practice effect and critical thinking ability, andObjective evaluation of comprehensive skills of both groups were made.Results There was no significant difference in critical thinking ability between students in two groups before clinical practice in Operation Room, While the scores related to critical thinking were significant higher in experiment group which adopted integrated teaching method than those in control group after clinical practice; In 18 single investigation items of subjective evaluation, the experiment group had higher satisfaction rate in teaching effect than that in control group and there was also significant difference in clinical test of theory knowledge and comprehensive skill between two groups.Conclusions Integrated teaching method can improve clinical practice effect of high nursing undergraduate students of midwifery and improve clinical teaching quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on clinical practical training of nursing students based on safety training observation program Qu Hong, Qin Ailing 2017, 37 (3):  453-456.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.030 Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (963KB) ( 6 )   Objective To explore the application effect of safety training observation program (STOP) on the behavior safety management of nursing students.Methods The establishment of safety observation group, for clinical nursing teachers and their teaching and nursing students, the use of safety training observation program, the implementation of field safety observation and behavior training, and evaluation results.Results After the application of safety training program, the incidence rate of sharp injury was significantly reduced, which was related to the adverse events of nursing students, and the nursing students of 92.40% had a positive attitude towards safety training.Conclusions The application of safety training observation program can effectively improve the safety ability of nursing students in clinical practice, and promote the management of clinical teaching safety. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on continuous improvement of objective structured clinical examination in standardized training of postgraduate year 1 surgery residents Qi Xin, Li Nan, Liu Si, Li Yan, Li Haichao, Liu Yucun 2017, 37 (3):  457-461.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.031 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (910KB) ( 23 )   Objective To evaluate dynamically the outcome of the standardized training of postgraduate year 1 surgery residents at surgical school. To investigate the effectiveness and rationality of the improvedObjective structured clinical examination (OSCE).Methods According to the results of OSCE in 2015, the design and content of OSCE's stations were improved in 2016. The difficulty, discrimination and reliability of each station were calculated, and the correlation between each station was analyzed by SPSS 22.0. In addition, the results of OSCE's in 2016 were compared to that in 2015.Results The average OSCE score was (72.98±4.93). The difficulty of total stations was 0.730. The distinction was 0.683 and the reliability was 0.453. The first, second and sixth station were lowest difficulty, and the fourth and fifth station was moderate difficulty. Each station's discrimination was more than 0.400. The reliability of the sixth station was low. There were moderate correlation between the first station and the sixth station, the second station and the fourth station, as well as the second station and the sixth station. But there was no significant correlation between other stations. The scores of laparoscopic simulator basic skills in 2016 were significantly lower than that in 2015, but the station's reliability was higher in 2016. The scores of irregular wound debridement and suture in 2016 were significant higher than that in 2015.Conclusions Through the continuous improvement of OSCE, surgical school evaluates effectively the outcome of the standardized training of postgraduate year 1 surgery residents and improve the training effect step by step. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A review of multi-source assessment and feedback as well as its application to standardized resident training Qiao Liang,Wang Yajun 2017, 37 (3):  462-464.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.032 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (885KB) ( 27 )   The paper has thoroughly illustrated the definition, content and significance of multi-source assessment and feedback (MSAF) and introduced with emphasis its application to standardized resident training. Based on the concept of “six core abilities” raised by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education, this paper analyzed in detail the strategies, procedures, precautions and limits of MSAF employed and incorporated into standardized resident training system. Meanwhile, it has been suggested that well-designed, scientifically administered MSAF with closed-loop feedback would enhance its result validity and maximize its value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Score analysis of pilot clinical skill test of China medical licensing examination for rural assistant general physicians Feng Pan, Zou Jiewen, Li Qiang 2017, 37 (3):  465-469.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.033 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (921KB) ( 14 )   Objective To compare and analyze the clinical skill score of 20 866 candidates from 9 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in 2016 China pilot medical licensing examination for rural assistant general physicians, learn from the analysis and further improve the examination.Methods Passing rate, rate of correct answer and mean score are applied in comparison and analysis.Results Passing rate is related to gender, nationality, district, education and career background. Routine physical examinations and operations are best observed, while basic knowledge needs to be improved.Conclusions The result of examination data analysis verifies the scientificity and rationality of the examination design, and lays the foundation for the formal implementation of the examination. It also provides a reference for the decision-making department to further strengthen the construction of primary medical and health teams. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on clinical practice quality evaluation index system of rehabilitation therapy students Lin Cheng, Pan Yanxia, Chen Xiuyun 2017, 37 (3):  470-473.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.034 Abstract ( 38 )   PDF (949KB) ( 30 )   In order to improve the clinical practical teaching quality of rehabilitation therapy program, the rehabilitation therapy professional training model and programs were combined, the significance and principles of structuring the quality evaluation system of clinical practice training were proposed, students clinical training quality evaluation index system framework and content were made, the design to the implementation of the evaluation index system was carried on, and its application methods and results of implementation were expounded. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of examination papers for disease centered integration courses of clinical cariology Liu Jie,Zheng Shuguo, Wang Xiaoling, Luo Haiyan, Xia Bin, Chen Xiaochi, Si Yan, Wang Xiaoyan, Dong Yanmei,Gao Xuejun 2017, 37 (3):  474-480.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2017.03.035 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (1029KB) ( 13 )   Objective By analysis of examination papers , theObjective was to summarize effects of “integration of multidiscipline course of cariology” on teaching and learning, for further improving the teaching quality.Methods Analysis of final test papers of clinical cariology for consecutive classes of eight-year program students major in stomatology of grade 2010-2012 in Peking University School of Stomatology.Results Students have good scores with a normal distribution. However, the structure consistence among the examination papers for consecutive classes was not well consistent, and proportion of the subjective item andObjective item were not well balanced .The item difficulty and reliability was well designed, but the item discrimination index was lower.Conclusions The result of examination paper of three consecutive years is basically reliable, but the discrimination index should be improved moderately, in order to reflect the “integration” characteristics, and guide the students to the multidisciplinary thinking. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the proportion of the integration topic in the examination paper, change the form of proposition and paper marking, establish the question bank, and improve the proportion of comprehensive application topics. References | Related Articles | Metrics