Abstract: Objective Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) applied for residency training consisting of 15 EPAs was developed by Peking University First Hospital (PKUFH) in 2020. A pilot study was implemented with PKUFH Pediatric Residency Program aiming for its efficacy and to orient clinical training. Methods Totally 55 residents who joined PKUFH Pediatric Residency Program from July 2020 to December 2020 were enrolled with some clinical trainers. The self-assessment and trainer's assessment was conducted. An 8-scale supervision scale was used and Kruskal Wallis test was applied for comparing the self-assessment and trainer's assessment. Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to compare the assessment results from different residents. Results The scores of both trainer-assessment and self-assessment by the trainees score increase year by year in each EPAs. Post-graduate year 5 (PGY5)residents showed highest supervision level, with the highest trainer-assessment in EPA 11(7.3±0.7) and highest self-assessment in EPA10(7.5±0.5). A good discrimination between each group in all EPAs items (Kruskal-Wallis test, P<0.05) was found. A significant difference (Bonferroni P correction, P<0.0125) was found between second year and first year residents except EPA10 (Obtain informed consent for tests and or procedure). No significant difference was found between in groups. All residents showed a low assessment score in EPA4 (making a medical decision), EPA8 (recognize a patient requiring urgent or emergent care and initiate evaluation and management) and EPA15 (public health events management). Conclusions EPAs are feasible in the assessment of pediatric residents. Specialized training on medical decision making, critical care and public health events should be strengthened in order to fill the gap found in this research.

Key words: Pediatrics, Entrustable professional activities, Residents, Post-graduate education, Implement