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The influential factors of classroom teaching quality among some different programs in China Medical University Li Yanjun, Guo Qiyong, Yang Qing, Yu Hong, Chen Qi 2018, 38 (1):  1-6.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.001 Abstract ( 44 )   PDF (1847KB) ( 16 )   Objective To explore the comprehensive factors that influence the quality and effect of classroom teaching so as to reform and perfect the classroom teaching methods. Methods A questionnaire was designed and investigated through out 333 students from sophomore to senior which include four programs. The statistical data were analyzed by single factor analysis and post hoc comparison. Results The mean frequency analysis of the questionnaire showed that,factors affecting the teaching quality which students care most is “professional teaching skills” (3.67) and “the ability of expression” (3.66). The most despised factors are “blackboard writing” (2.32) and “the introduction of innovative teaching methods”(2.47). Single factor analysis and post hoc comparison showed that “teacher is full of vitality,with loud voice”(P=0.002),“classes begin and end on time” (P=0.050) and “good classroom discipline” (P=0.045) have significant differences among different programs. Conclusions Strengthening the teaching and expression ability of teachers,and designing individualized teaching methods according to the characteristics of various programs and courses are of great significance for improving the quality of classroom teaching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The survey of teaching objective recognition for clinical tutors in Peking University People’s Hospital Lian Bo, Chen Yu, Liu Gang, Zhao Zhou 2018, 38 (1):  7-9.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.002 Abstract ( 38 )   PDF (1629KB) ( 21 )   Objective This study thought to understand the Peking University People’s Hospital clinical tutors’ recognition of teaching objective. Methods In 2014,105 clinical tutors working in Peking University People’s Hospital were involved in the survey, they were grouped into two cohorts,59 surgeons and 46 physicians. Teaching objective test and questionnaire survey were conducted by face-to-face or telephone interview, and data collection and analysis was made with SPSS 19.0. Results In the group of surgeons,22 (22/59,37.3%) tutors’ teaching objective score was less than 60,and 8/46 (7.4%) in the group of physicians. There was significant difference between the two groups on the dimension of teaching hours (Z=2.69, P=0.01),number of students (Z=2.53,P=0.02) and teaching objective test score (F=8.77, P=0.02). The research also found positive correlation between the teaching objective test score and the tutors’ teaching experience (r=0.46, P<0.001),professional title (r=0.45,P<0.001),teaching evaluation (r=0.39,P<0.001),tutors’ age (r=0.47,P<0.001);A weak negative correlation between the teaching objective test score and surgeon tutors (r=-0.22,P=0.03);And no correlation between the teaching objective test score and the tutors’ academic diplomas (r=0.15,P=0.13). Conclusions The teaching objective test score score may be affected by the tutors’ teaching experience,professional title,teaching evaluation,tutors’ age and surgeon tutors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of local medical colleges and universities serving local economic and social development models Xie Junjun, Xie Jiangbo, Xie Xieju, Wang Sheng, Chen Weimin, Wang Tong 2018, 38 (1):  10-16.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.003 Abstract ( 52 )   PDF (1528KB) ( 15 )   Since the 90 years in twentieth century, local colleges and universities have made great progress in serving the local economic and social development. In this paper, through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database to search and analyze related research about the service local economic and social development of local medical colleges and the local model since 1991, that the current medical research service economic and social development models in local colleges and universities is relatively backward, the theory of single educational philosophy and different system;positioning vague, need to change; in the transformation and upgrading of local universities under the background of “where” and “turn what” and “how”,“how to evaluate” aspects of awareness of the existence of confusion; the school and local government cooperation, the school enterprise cooperation model is a loose, superficial and low levels of cooperation;Integration of politics and industry research is not enough depth, lack of connotation. Therefore, they need to further expand the scope and depth of research, explore the characteristics of local service cooperation model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the current situation of medical students’ willingness to serve medical care and its correlation with medical practice environment Liu Zeyu, Zhai Yue, Duan Mingyu, Xia Jiayang, Deng Guoying 2018, 38 (1):  17-21.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.004 Abstract ( 57 )   PDF (1537KB) ( 40 )   Objective To investigate the status of medical students and analyze their relevance to the current medical practice environment, and try to find out the possible factors that affect the medical students’ willingness to seek medical treatment. Methods The questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the cognition of medical students’ willingness and medical practice environment in the clinical practice of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The regression analysis model was used to analyze the correlation data. Results The medical students’ willingness to engage in medical treatment and their cognition of medical practice environment, such as doctor-patient relationship, doctor’ s income and pay ratio and the attribution of doctor-patient contradiction, were closely related. There was no significant correlation between the degree of trust of the patient in the eyes of the medical students, the attitude of the patient to the doctor, the cognition of the wounded medical practitioner and the personal safety of the doctor, the view of the media related medical report, and so on. Conclusions Medical students’ cognition of medical practice environment is closely related to their willingness to engage in medical care.To strengthen medical students’ humanistic education, improve the medical students’ professional identity, and guide the correct understanding of current medical practice environment, may help reduce the negative emotions among medical students, firm medical students’ willing to engage in medical care, and reduce the loss of medical talent. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The practitioners will and influencing factors of junior college clinical medical students in Yunnan Province Li Weiming, Yuan Dan, Jiang Yanling, Shu Qunqin, Huang Qiaoyun, Chen Yuechao, Zhao Hehe, Zi Rong 2018, 38 (1):  22-27.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.005 Abstract ( 47 )   PDF (1588KB) ( 11 )   To understand the practitioners will and influencing factors of junior college clinical medical students in Yunnan Province,extracting 1800 junior college clinical medical students who studied at six higher junior colleges in Yunnan Province by using stratified cluster sampling method as the investigation object. The field survey was conducted through questionnaire and interview outline,including the inauguration will,career planning,influencing factors and so on. The results showed that 17.7% of the students are not willing to work in rural primary medical institutions after graduation,14.8% of the students are not willing to be a general practitioner after graduation,They have diversified career development plans. Many factors affect the students’ practitioners will. Make specific recommendations accordingly: Improving the basic development environment and renewing the concept of employment; Increasing support for economically disadvantaged groups; Planning various forms of career; Improving the negative factors and enhance the practitioners will. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of influencing factors of medical students’willingness to choose pediatricians Han Chunlei, Cui Qianqian, He Ran, Yang Jia, Wang Ying, Sun Hongwei, Wang Jiu 2018, 38 (1):  28-31.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.006 Abstract ( 40 )   PDF (1681KB) ( 8 )   Objective In recent years,the shortage of pediatricians is very serious,and the shortage of pediatric medical care has become the focus of attention. The purpose of this study is to understand the status quo of medical students’ knowledge and willingness to be pediatrician in Yantai and explore the influencing factors. Methods A total of 797 students from four grades in a medical college in Yantai were selected,which was stratified by grade,and the self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate. Results Medical students lack of cognition of the pediatrician situation,and only 28.9% of the students are willing to become a pediatrician. residence,grade,occupation prospects and hospital attention to pediatrics were influencing factors of medical students’ paediatric employment intention. Conclusions It is necessary to make joint efforts of three aspects of the self,the state and the society to promote the choice of medical students as pediatrician. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and implementation of the cultivation system for high level general practitioners Duan Liping, Cui Shuang, Chi Chunhua, Yao Mi, Wang Weimin, Ke Yang 2018, 38 (1):  32-35.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.007 Abstract ( 56 )   PDF (1512KB) ( 32 )   Aimed at China’s shortages of talents and faculty in general practice,and non-standard management of bases,this paper discussed how to establish the cultivation system for high level general practitioners. The practical experience in related aspects,including cultivation model,faculty training,base construction and establishment of high quality platform were also summarized in this paper in order to promote the cultivation of the talents in general practice in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and research of clinical research ability training of 8-year clinical medicine program for the students in the early stage Fu Yao, Jiang Guanchao, Xu Tao, Zhang Xiaohui, Zhang Peixun, Shen Zhanlong, Mu Rong, Zhou Cheng, Li Jing, Huang Lyuzhen, Yue Sifeng, Wang Jianliu 2018, 38 (1):  36-39.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.008 Abstract ( 48 )   PDF (1469KB) ( 27 )   Objective This paper explore the application and the effect of the clinical research course of Peking University People’s Hospital (PKUPH) in 8-year medical students at clinical medicine stage I. Methods Construct the course of clinical research at clinical medicine stage I of the 8-year medical students that entered college in 2013 majoring in clinical medicine, the course include the lecture and the practice. All the students learned the lecture together but choose the teacher as “former mentor” respectively. The effect of the clinical research training was evaluated by the questionnaire and the discussion. Results The students considered the clinical research course were important in helping completing the graduation thesis, cultivating clinical research method and ability, and increasing scientific research interest. Conclusions The course of clinical research in the early stage of the 8-year medical students is an effective method for improving the ability of the students to do clinical research and increasing scientific research interest. It’s important in cultivating high quality medical talents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of resource checklist for nursing simulation-based training Kang Xiaofeng, Guo Aimin, Liang Tao, Qin Xuelian, Shi Runze, Chen Jingli 2018, 38 (1):  40-45.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.009 Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (1635KB) ( 27 )   Objective Simulation as a nursing educational strategy has growth in last dedicate. This study is to develop a standardized prepared checklist to enhance the quality of conducting simulation-based training. Methods The International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning (INACSL) standards have been recognized and adopted for developing the resource checklist for designing,implementing,or evaluating simulation-based training. A specific,22-item checklist was developed based on a content validity study and an inter-coder reliability study. Results The top 5 topics felt to be most important for achieving outcomes in the simulation were scenario development,facilitator preparation,equipment preparation,environmental preparation,and pre-course student preparation. Conclusions The main recommendations for simulation instructors are to use standardized checklists in conducting a high-fidelity simulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The current situation and problems of health law’s course setting in clinical medicine in universities Yang Yang, Zhong Zhaohui 2018, 38 (1):  46-49.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.010 Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (1830KB) ( 27 )   Under the background of the rule by law and the legalization of health care, the demand of the medical staff’s health professional ethics and legal consciousness is going higher. And the clinical medical students as the mainstay of medical institution, the university stage is the only chance to learn about health law. This study analyzed the training scheme of clinical medicine of 16 universities and found there are urgent problems: the “health law” as an important medical humanities course, there are different names, credits is less, class time is short, the course is not respected. It suggested that in the revision of clinical medicine’s training scheme make the course of health law as the required course, unify the name of this course, appropriately increase the class time, improve the credit, attaches great importance to the practice, and enrich the teaching methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The current situation and related factors of professional identity in medical students Chen Yongjie, Wang Yuan 2018, 38 (1):  50-54.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.011 Abstract ( 55 )   PDF (1760KB) ( 26 )   Given the health-care system reform and current relationship of doctor and patients in China, in this study, 1300 undergraduates and 410 graduate students of Tianjin Medical University were selected by cluster sample. The scores of professional identity and six dimensions were calculated by Likert five points. According to the scores, the analyses of current situation and related factors of professional identity in medical students were conducted. The results shown that there were significant differences in the six dimensions of professional identity across majors (all P<0.05). The trends of professional identity increased firstly, then decreased and following increased with grade. The professional identity in foreign students was better than Chinese medical students. And significant differences were observed across different voluntary. Therefore, the professional identity was relative with major, grade, degree, nationality, and the way of enrollment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A survey on the status of the male nursing students of a university in Hangzhou Chen Qiaoqiao, Niu Dan, Zhu Xuejiao 2018, 38 (1):  55-58.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.012 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (1392KB) ( 11 )   Objective To carry out the occupational education of male nursing students, improve the occupational cognition ability of male students and provide references to promote the development of their career by a survey on the occupational cognition status of male students of a university in Hangzhou. Methods A survey was conducted among 32 male students on the current situation of occupational cognition. Results 53.1% (17/32) of male students take the initiative in nursing,81.2% (26/32) of the male students thought nursing profession has important social functions,84.4% (27/32) of the male students expressed actively respond to the nursing work in the future, 15.6% (5/32) of male students had little belief or could not to perform perfectly in nursing work. There was no significant difference founded in nursing occupational occupation cognition of different grades of male students. Conclusions The nursing occupational cognition ability of male students remains to be further improved, the difference of different grades of male students’ cognition status needed to be further verified in order to promote the vocational education current of male students, Attention should be paid to male students’ professional cognitive education and improve their professional cognitive ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Searching of case-based learning method in breast course for interns Lin Yan, Wang Changjun, Huang Xin, Li Yan, Pan Bo, Sun Qiang 2018, 38 (1):  59-62.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.013 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (1499KB) ( 35 )   Interns practice round are the key steps for entering clinical study. The breast department is a rising special section with special characters in teaching. This paper introduces case-based learning method in breast department,including group arrangement,functional distribution,process details,common matters and attentions based on our experience. The case-based learning method can promote the learning effect and learning ability in interns and improve the teaching cases data base. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The applications of situational experiential teaching method in training of medical records writing by English of general surgery Gao Zhidong, Liu Miao, Zhu Fengxue, Jiang Kewei, Shen Zhanlong, Guo Peng, Shen Kai, Ye Yingjiang 2018, 38 (1):  63-66.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.014 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (1604KB) ( 15 )   Objective To explore the application effect of situational experiential teaching method for the purpose of learning medical records writing by English of general surgery. Methods 8-year program medical internship students of grade 2011 and grade 2012,who practice in department of general surgery were enrolled. They were divided into the experiential teaching group (41 cases) and the traditional teaching control group (41 cases) randomly. After teaching of medical records writing by English,evaluation of questionnaires and test results were used to compare different effect of the situational experiential teaching and the traditional teaching. Results Compared with the control group,test scores including classroom assessments and homework scoring of situational experiential teaching group were significantly better (P<0.05). The survey results showed that students of situational experiential teaching group were more satisfactory. Conclusions Situational experiential teaching method is an effective method for teaching of English medical records of general surgery,which can improve the learning effect and cultivate students’ abilities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of case-based learning in medical students in medical imaging teaching Cheng Jin, Chen Lei 2018, 38 (1):  67-69.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.015 Abstract ( 46 )   PDF (1466KB) ( 48 )   Objective To discusses the advantages and feasibility of case-based learning (CBL) teaching method by analyzing the teaching progeresses,teaching results and feedbacks of students on eight-year program clinical medicine. Methods From August 2012 to August 2014,the totally 126 students of long-term clinicinal medicine were included in this study. In the class of CBL method,every case included history,physical examination,laboratory examination and diagnostic imagings. Students were required to discuss on imaging characteristics,differential and final diagnoses. The effects of CBL teaching method were evaluated by the results of questionnaires. Results Based on questionnaires after the 3 years application of CBL courses,the CBL teaching method was accepted by the students. Students believed that CBL teaching method can help to raise the ability of study autonomy and to link theory with practice. Most students were satisfied with the time assignment of lecture- and case-based learning method. Conclusions CBL teaching method could improve medical imaging teaching effects,and it is a supplement of traditional lecture teaching method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of the improved K-W-L teaching method in dental trauma teaching of the oral emergency department Bai Jie, Chen Hongtao, Sun Wei, Ji Aiping, Shao Li, Wang Jin 2018, 38 (1):  70-73.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.016 Abstract ( 27 )   PDF (1477KB) ( 20 )   Objective To assess the feasibility and effects of the improved K-W-L teaching method for dental trauma teaching in the oral emergency department. Methods 118 residents,participating in the dental trauma training of the Oral Emergency Department of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology in 2015 and 2016,were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group used the improved K-W-L teaching method,the control group used the traditional teaching method. The effect of teaching method was evaluated by the scores of written examination and clinical examination. Every participant assessed the improved K-W-L teaching method at the end of the training. Results In written examination,the average score of the experimental group was (88.6±3.2),while the average score of the control group was(84.3±4.4),and the difference was significant (P<0.001). At the end of training,all residents met the clinical training requirement. In clinical examination,the excellent rate of each item in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of “organization and efficiency “ and “counseling”(P<0.05). All participants were satisfied with the teaching method. Conclusions The improved K-W-L teaching method is worth popularizing in the dental trauma teaching of the oral emergency department,as it can consolidate the previous knowledge,give prominence to the key points of dental trauma,and also improve the interest and initiative of the physician. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of teaching method of CPBL combined with BB platform and famous TCM doctor’s experiences in teaching Chinese materia medica Liu Renhui, Xu Liping, Wang Xiujuan, Luo Liangtao 2018, 38 (1):  74-76.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.017 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (1383KB) ( 7 )   In order to improve the teaching effects of Chinese materia medica and enhance the students’ autonomous learning ability,the practice of the teaching method of collaborative project based learning (CPBL) were carried out combined with Blackboard network platform and famous TCM doctor’s experiences in teaching Chinese materia medica. In the teaching process of Chinese materia medica,the students were guided to participate in the analysis and discussion of the medication characteristics and clinical experience of famous TCM doctors. This teaching practice can not only improving the practical activities and the thinking ability of TCM,but also increase the students’ ability to learn autonomously. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of experiential teaching in the teaching of occupational health Chen Zhangjian, Wang Yun, Ma Wenjun, He Lihua, Zhao Qian, Jia Guang 2018, 38 (1):  77-81.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.018 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (1549KB) ( 22 )   Objective To explore the application of experiential teaching in occupational health study. Methods 81 undergraduate students of the School of Public Health of Peking University were included in this study. Experiential teaching was used in the occupational health teaching within these students. Then the survey of the students with questionnaires about the effects of experiential teaching was conducted. Results The experiential teaching can active the atmosphere in class and arouse students’ initiative and enthusiasm. In addition,students also improved their teamwork ability as well as the ability of combining theory with practice. Conclusions Experiential teaching is an effective teaching method and can be used in modern occupational health teaching． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Training effectiveness improvements of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills by using monitor/defibrillator with quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (Q-CPR) feedback in undergraduate medical students Liao Jinli, Xu Jia, Zhan Hong, Zhu Feng, Zhang Wanwan, Zeng Qingli, Xiong Yan 2018, 38 (1):  82-85.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.019 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (1586KB) ( 18 )   Objective To evaluate the training effectiveness improvements of CPR skills by using monitor/defibrillator with Q-CPR (quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation) feedback in undergraduate medical students. Methods Seventy-two medical students in the emergency department were enrolled in this study. Thirty-two students were trained by using monitor/defibrillator with Q-CPR feedback and assigned into experimental group,whereas the other 40 students were assigned into control group and trained with traditional lecture and demonstrating. Knowledge test,skill performance and evaluation of teaching effect evaluation questionnaire of the course were applied to evaluate the training effectiveness. Results Scores of skill performance and personal satisfaction assessment in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group; Quality evaluation in chest compression,ventilation and defibrillation was improved in both groups,whereas performance improvement in chest compression in experimental group was significantly better than that in control groups. Conclusions Monitor/defibrillator with Q-CPR feedback may be applied as a useful tool to improve basic life support skills in CPR training for medical students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of virtual reality dental training simulator with haptic-visual-aural feedback on preclinical periodontal dentistry examination scores Hou Jianxia, Zhang Yanling, Zhan Yalin, Huang Wenxue, Miao Lili, Wang Dangxiao 2018, 38 (1):  86-89.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.020 Abstract ( 52 )   PDF (1589KB) ( 30 )   Objective Supragingival scaling is an essential skill for dentist with high level of experience and sensitive force perception.In this study, we validated the effects of virtual reality simulator on the learning of supragingival scaling skills in preclinical training. Methods iDental was employed as the haptic device. A total of 39 participants (13 test group and 26 control group) were included in 2 groups. The 13 participants in test group completed the VR procedure followed by traditional training of supragingival scaling. And the 26 participants in control group performed the traditional training of supragingival scaling. All of the participants were scored by three clinical instructors through the traditional spuragingival scaling test. Results The analyzed results showed that the test group got higher scores than control group, especially tooth 36. Conclusions These findings suggested that the simulator training had positive effects on real supragingival scaling and iDental was helpful for the preclinical training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of multidisciplinary teaching in clinical teaching of thoracic and cardiac surgery Qi Xiaotong, Li Jinghang, Zhao Sheng, Zhang Jing 2018, 38 (1):  90-93.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.021 Abstract ( 33 )   PDF (1675KB) ( 20 )   Objective To explore the effect of multidisciplinary teaching of lung cancer in clinical teaching. Methods A total of 64 trainee students of clinical medicine from Nanjing Medical University in 2013 were selected. Based on the average score of the exam scores for all courses in their third year,all the students were sequentially assigned to the MDT group or the traditional LBL group. Each group received training of clinical lung cancer respectively according to the corresponding teaching method. The teaching effects and students’ satisfaction about teaching in the two groups were compared. Results Teaching achievement: The basic theoretical test results in MDT group did not significantly differ from those in the LBL group (41.25±4.26 vs 42.32±3.91,P=0.285). However,the MDT group significantly outperformed the LBL group in score of comprehensive case analysis (40.13±4.68 vs 35.63±5.21,P=0.005). Students’ satisfaction: Investigation and analysis showed that the students in the MDT group had significantly greater satisfaction than those in the LBL group in terms of improving the enthusiasm of learning and exercising logical thinking ability,inspiring classroom learning atmosphere,increasing understanding of difficult problems,promoting language skills,improving oral communication skills (P<0.05);however,there was no significant difference in terms of teacher satisfaction (P=0.355). Conclusions In the clinical practice of lung cancer treatment,the MDT teaching mode is better,with higher students’ satisfaction and can be popularized after getting more teaching experience. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of gynecological laparoscopic surgery videos combined with specific cases in probation teaching Wu Gengxiang, Yin Tailang, Li Saijiao, Hu Xue, Zhao Xuehan, Yang Jing 2018, 38 (1):  94-97.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.022 Abstract ( 30 )   PDF (1698KB) ( 18 )   Objective To investigate the effect of gynecological laparoscopic surgery videos combined with specific cases in probation teaching. Methods 101 five-year program clinical medical students from grade 2011 of Wuhan University were selected as the research object. They were randomly assigned into experimental group and control group according to the student ID. The experimental group received a new teaching method of gynecological laparoscopic surgery videos combined with specific cases,and the control group received the traditional teaching method. The teaching effect was evaluated through questionnaire investigation and the exam result. Results According to the survey,the experimental group was better than the control group in stimulating interest in learning,improving the understanding of pelvic anatomical structures,deepening the overall understanding of disease,training clinical thinking ability. There were statistical differences (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference between these two groups in improving communication skills (P>0.05). The test score of experimental group (84.2±6.4) was higher than that of the control group (79.0±5.4). There was statistical difference (P<0.001). Conclusions The application of gynecological laparoscopic surgery videos combined with specific cases achieved good teaching effect in probation teaching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Take the opportunity of skills competition to promote the medical technology practice teaching reform Shi Yurong, Li Yuyun, Mei Chuanzhong, Wu Wenjuan, Song Chuanwang, Zhang Tao, Zhang Qiang 2018, 38 (1):  98-100.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.023 Abstract ( 40 )   PDF (1383KB) ( 15 )   Experimental teaching is the key link to set up students’ innovative meaning,cultivate and improve students’ basic practical skills,comprehensive ability and innovation ability.This paper introduces the Bengbu Medical College in medical laboratory technology background,to develop students’ employment and industry oriented,organization and implementation of medical testing skills competition,improve the medical laboratory technology professional practice teaching ability,strengthen students’ occupation skill training,explore training model to meet the social and times demand of medical laboratory technology professionals,and to test the existence skills contest for reflection and improvement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of volunteers participation model in the surgical clinical-skills final achievement examination of the standardized medical residency training Zhuang Qiulin, Meng Qingyang, Yu Qing, Wu Guohao 2018, 38 (1):  101-106.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.024 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (1623KB) ( 12 )   Objective To summarize the application and effect of volunteers participation model in the surgical clinical-skills final achievement examination of the standardized medical residency training. Methods By retrospective analyzing the 5 years’ data of Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,compared the efficiency of the examination (preparation time,cost,staff numbers,whole and average exam time); The satisfactions of examinees and examiners; The pass rates of the volunteer trainees in the next year,before and after the application of volunteers participation model in the surgical clinical-skills final achievement examination of the standardized medical residency training. Results Compared to the traditional model,the application of volunteers participation model significantly reduced the average preparation time (t=47.8,P=0.000),average costs (t=36.1,P=0.000),whole & average exam time (whole：t=20.8,P=0.000,average：t=20.8,P=0.000) and staff numbers; improved the satisfactions of examinees and examiners (examinees：χ2=18.6,P=0.000,examiners：χ2=13.9,P=0.000); Increased the average pass rates (χ2=3.8,P=0.031) and besides,the pass rates of the volunteer trainees in the next year (χ2=5.5,P=0.006). Conclusions The application of volunteers participation model is practicable in the surgical clinical-skills final achievement examination of the standardized medical residency training,and has a more effective advantage of the traditional model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The construction of standardized training resident’ learning curves for qualitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content Zhou Zhenfeng, Chen Long, Hu Shuangfei, Yu Da, Wu Meng, Wang Yuanyuan 2018, 38 (1):  107-111.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.025 Abstract ( 42 )   PDF (1867KB) ( 19 )   Objective This study aimed to investigate the construction of standardized training resident’ learning curves for qualitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content and to determine the amount of training a resident would need to achieve competence in the ultrasound technique,so as to provide the reference basis for the training course development,the practice training and formulating the criterion of the qualifications to practice the ultrasound assessment of gastric content. Methods Ten residents underwent a teaching intervention including lectures and an workshop on live models of ultrasound assessment of gastric content. Lectures include reading articles,picture library,and how to perform a systematic qualitative assessment. Ten residents were divided into two groups and five residents were scheduled six training practice per group. Five volunteers were randomly assigned to five different operating areas at training practice. Each resident performed ultrasound sequentially and the results were recorded. Every resident assessed 30 separate sets of data and the results were recorded randomization allocation with random number method was conducted by an independent nurse into “empty” group,“clear fluid” group and “solid” group,with ten cases per group. Use the accrual and method to construct an individual learning curve; then learning curves and a predictive model were constructed through the cumulative sum method and nonlinear regression. Results The overall correct diagnosis rate of qualitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content was 70.7% (212/300) in the standardized training of the anesthesia department. The overall correct diagnosis rate was 59% (59/100) in the “empty” group,and was 74% (74/100) and 79% (79/100) in the “clear fluid” group and the “solid” group respectively. When comparing to “empty” group,the “solid” group showed a significantly higher failure rate (P<0.05). Although the learning curves of the five standardized training residents exceeded the acceptable failure rate of 10%,they were still beyond the cut-off point of unacceptable failure rate of less than 30%. The average number of cases required to achieve 90% and 95% success rates was estimated to be 24 and 28,respectively. Conclusions The learning curve and the predict model could not only evaluate the training process of achieving the learning objectives,but also assess the feasibility of establishing a new standardized training program. This study suggests that 24 and 28 are the average numbers of cases required to achieve 90% and 95% correct rates of qualitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content respectively. As the required number and the long cycle of training,a more convenient and effective training method is needed to be established. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on impact of policy instruments on continuing education in H county of Beijing rural area Dong Yi, Wang Chen, Li Na, Jiang Yue, Ma Li, Liu Lanqiu, Peng Yingchun, Jia Dongmei, Qi Shaohan 2018, 38 (1):  113-118.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.026 Abstract ( 30 )   PDF (1446KB) ( 15 )   Objective It is important to understand the status quo of continuing medical education in Beijing rural area and specific influences of policy instruments on it. Methods According to the geographical position,economic level,historical and cultural factors,from July to August,2016,the investigation group selected the J,C and B township of H county in Beijing as well as its 21 administrative villages as research field to conduct field observation and individual in-depth interviews. The sample included 21 township hospital doctors,21 village doctors,42 villagers as total of 84 people. Interview questions include: personal basic information,basic medical and public services,continuing medical education method,class hours,content,and effect. Results The status quo of continuing medical education in H County presented the following condition: township medical staffs were willing to accept continuing medical education,diverse forms and lessons’ contents were affirmed,the effect was overall better. At village level,village doctors accepting continuing medical education power was weak,education form combined with network teaching system conducted ineffectively,there was a gap between training content and actual demand,the effect was overall general. Conclusions Regulation and directly provision of direct policy tools had some drawbacks in terms of lack of flexibility and competition mechanism gave rise to negative action of continuing medical education. It was necessary to adjust contents and improve incentive mechanism for enhancing learning autonomy of township doctors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A flipped classroom approach combined with PBL to exploring the clinical psychology training for grassroots psychiatrists Jiang Sisi, Li Guanghua, Peng Rong, Huang Xuebing 2018, 38 (1):  119-123.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.027 Abstract ( 49 )   PDF (1599KB) ( 20 )   Objective To explore the effective and efficient method of continuing education in clinical psychology for grassroots psychiatrists. Methods A clinical psychotherapy training program was launched for the 15 grassroots psychiatrists in one mental health hospital by using flipped classroom approach combined with problem-based learning method,using ‘Wechat group’ for discussing after class. The training lasts for 4 weeks 24 hours,2 times a week and altogether 8 lessons,3 hours for each lesson. There are four main themes of the training: basic methods of psychotherapy;the theory and application of group psychotherapy of in hospital patients;skills and strategies in therapeutic interviews;psychological therapy for common problems among children and adolescents. Each theme includes 1 basic theory session and 1 supervision session. After the training,the satisfaction degree of the participants was investigated. Before and after the training,the specific training effects are explored by self-control method by quantitative and qualitative ways. Results The satisfaction survey showed that the overall satisfaction rate was 100.0%,and the ‘student discussion’ had the lowest satisfaction rate of 66.7%. Quantitative analysis showed that students got improved in all three aspects of clinical psychology: ‘professional knowledge’,‘skills’ and ‘confidence level’. Conclusions The program using flipped classroom approach combined with PBL were effective and efficient in clinical psychology training for grassroots psychiatrists,and were worthy of further study and promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on continuous improvement of the residents’ plaster fixation examination based on the standardized patient Jin Zhe, Zhang Daojian, Wang Ying, Li Haichao, Qi Xin 2018, 38 (1):  124-128.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.028 Abstract ( 52 )   PDF (1598KB) ( 16 )   Objective Using standardized patients (SP) to participate in plaster fixation examination,in order to simulate the more realistic clinical situation,make the simple skill test turn to a comprehensive examination which can simultaneously evaluate clinical knowledge,operative skills,and communication skills. Methods A total of 39 postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) surgery residents who had been trained in the Surgical School of Peking University First Hospital for 1 year were enrolled in the study. A test station of plaster fixation was set to simulate lateral malleolus fracture without displacement. The research object was three couple of examiner and SP. Through SP participate to simulate the real clinical situation,using assessment scales to evaluation the examination,compare the scores with examiner and SP,and check the consistency. At the same time,the objective measurement method was used to test the effect of plaster fixation. Results During the consultation process,94.9% (37/39) of the residents asked about the cause of the fracture. For physical examination,61.5% (24/39) of them examined whether the ankle was swollen,84.6% (33/39) examined tenderness,and 69.2% (27/39) examined the ankle activity. All residents recommended an ankle anteroposterior X-ray. Finally,97.4% (38/39) of them underwent a fracture diagnosis and 51.3% (20/39) of them chosen the posterior plaster fixation. There were significant differences between examiners and SP on scores. There was a high correlation between the scores of the operation results and the follow-up results in SP evaluation,but the scores of the examiners were not relevant. The scores of the examiners and SP had moderately relationship in the postoperative follow-up results. With SP participating,the maximum pressure under gypsum was lower than that of last year. Conclusions Using SP to simulate in the examination of plaster fixation can increase the authenticity and reliability of the test. It was more effectively to reflect the clinical competency of residents and the comprehensive ability of actual operation results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A qualitative systematic review of the flipped classroom in basic medical education Shan Lidong, Tao Jin, Jiang Xinghong 2018, 38 (1):  129-133.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.029 Abstract ( 38 )   PDF (1516KB) ( 22 )   With the application of flipped classroom,the research on flipped classroom is increasing day by day. Flipped classroom was introduced into China for several years ago. For the past several years,the domestic application of this teaching method has accumulated a lot of experience. In this paper,the application of the flipped classroom in basic medical education and the results related to the teaching method are qualitatively review. The positive results were achieved in the related basic medical course. But in this process,there are some problems which need to be further improved in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The implications of the U. S. primary health care and medical education ranking on the reform of China’s medical education evaluation Sun Xiaoting, Zhao Xinxin, Chen Liwu, Tong Zenghan, Zheng Jialin 2018, 38 (1):  136-140.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.030 Abstract ( 41 )   PDF (1438KB) ( 21 )   The development of general-practice based primary health care has been the focus of the current Chinese health care reform. As the major source of cultivating general practitioners,medical education should have appropriate ranking and evaluation mechanism as guidance. This paper illustrates the importance of primary health care in health care reform in the United States,introduces the primary health care ranking mechanism in medical education evaluation,and explores the implications to the reform of medical education evaluation in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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American physician-scientist’s training model and the reference for US Guo Qianying, Du Jian, Tang Xiaoli 2018, 38 (1):  141-146.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.031 Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (1571KB) ( 73 )   Physician-scientist who is a bridge linking basic medicine and clinical practice is the storing talent of the translational medical research. It has begun the training of the physician-scientist from the 1960s in the United States,which mobilized the enhancement both of basic medicine and clinical practice,and it’s so important to maintain the leader level of medicine. It plays an important role in the development of medicine in China to understand the development and draw lessons from training model and evaluation systems of American physician-scientist to make suggestions to China by literature researching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Introduction and reference of general practice residency (GPR) program based on school of dentistry, University of Washington in the United States Kong Ninghua, Lyu Yalin 2018, 38 (1):  147-152.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.032 Abstract ( 44 )   PDF (1564KB) ( 23 )   Standardized residency training is very important for dental students. General dentists are the principal part of oral health care. Standardized residency training should aim at cultivating general dentists. After more than one hundred years of development,the residency training in the United States has grown to be a systematic,standardized and scientific system,which can be learned by others. This article completely introduces the application and selection,training goals,training contents and requirements of the general practice residency (GPR) program based on School of Dentistry,University of Washington. The authors hope that this can stimulate some new thoughts and ideas for the reform and development of dental residency training programs in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study on research themes and methods of obstetrics and gynecology education Liu Ying, Zhang Yanlei, Zhang Daqing 2018, 38 (1):  153-157.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.01.033 Abstract ( 23 )   PDF (1438KB) ( 17 )   Objective To expound the theme and methods in obstetrics and gynecology education research in China and abroad in the past decade, and provide reference for domestic related research. Methods Papers published from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed using methods of bibliometric and content analysis. Results The results show that: the themes in China are scattered and not deep enough, and research focus is too concentrated. The methods of research are unitary. In other words, most of them are quantitative analysis, but qualitative research is lack. Conclusions The theme and method abroad are available for reference, and we need to pay attention to local conditions and innovative exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics