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Construction and practice of the cultivation system of top-notch innovative medical talents by collaboration of medical practice, education and research Li Yuxian, Lyu Lixia, Shao Zhihua, Jiang Wenxia, Zhu Wenqing, Cao Jinfeng, Qin Ying, Yang Wenzhuo, Zhang Xiaoqing, Xu Lei, Xu Guotong, Zhang Jun, Zheng Jialin 2018, 38 (3):  321-324.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.001 Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (2986KB) ( 54 )   To cultivate the outstanding medical talents with the characteristics of professional elites and pillars of society, Tongji University School of Medicine constructed the cultivation system of top-notch innovative medical talents by cooperation of medical practice, teaching and research. In teaching, fulfilled the integrated curriculum based on organ systems, used formative assessment combined with summative assessment, enhanced the clinical problem based learning in medicine, established early and whole course patient contact training system. In training creative ability of research, carried out the whole course supervising system and preclinical-clinical double supervising system, established the innovation base and innovative system in three levels. Tongji University School of Medicine also established the effective quality assurance system for this cultivation system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The exploration and effect on the reform of the training model of eight-year medical program Peng Haoning, Li Ziang, Jiang Heng, Zhang Xiaoxuan, Wang Weiwen, Qing Ping 2018, 38 (3):  325-329.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.002 Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (3104KB) ( 31 )   Sichuan University established the innovation class of eight-year medical program in 2008 and actively explored training model of medical talents. In order to understand the training effect of innovation class and provide the basis for relevant reforms, the academic performance and academic interest of students in the innovation class of eight-year medical program in Sichuan University in the past decade were analyzed. Compared with the traditional training model, students in the innovation class have better academic performance, and they have better performance in terms of professional interests, self-planning, professional confidence and self-evaluation. The innovation class model is worth further exploration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The analysis of the integration of Chinese medical history knowledge into the teaching of “the outline of Chinese modern history” in colleges of traditional Chinese medicine Zhao Haibin 2018, 38 (3):  330-332.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.003 Abstract ( 42 )   PDF (2163KB) ( 11 )   The realization of organic combination of the ideological and political theory course and the students’ professional knowledge, has important meaning and function for enhancing the attraction and effectiveness of ideological and political theory course. It’s a beneficial attempt of promoting actively the “combination” that Chinese medical history knowledge integrated into the teaching of “the outline of Chinese modern history” in colleges of traditional Chinese medicine. It is helpful to enhance the teaching effect of “the outline of Chinese modern history” in colleges of traditional Chinese medicine, cultivate the humanistic quality of students in colleges of traditional Chinese medicine. If Chinese medical history knowledge is integrated effectively into the teaching of “the outline of Chinese modern history”, teachers should refine prudently the content of Chinese medical history knowledge integrated into the teaching of “the outline of Chinese modern history”, design carefully the path and method of Chinese medical history knowledge integrated into the teaching of “the outline of Chinese modern history”. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Learning curves for reduction of shoulder dislocation using Hippocrates method by residents of eight-year program Wang Yongqiang, Li Nan 2018, 38 (3):  333-336.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.004 Abstract ( 40 )   PDF (2891KB) ( 12 )   Objective To determine the learning curve for reduction of shoulder dislocation utilizing Hippocrates method by medical students.Methods 10 residents were selected during their rotation in department of Orthopedics from December 2015 to December 2017.The training were operated by the same senior attending doctor. Each resident was required to reduce 20 dislocation cases. It was calculated the CUSUM(cumulative sum) for each procedure of these students and illustrated the learning curves by using R software. Then fitted regression cure by utilizing linear regression method, and estimated the 95% confidence interval. After taking derivation of the regression curve, it is possible to understand the regularity of learning curve accompany with attempts. At last, it could be identified the cut-off point for CUSUM increasing via the maximum selection test.Results Overall, 200 patients were enrolled in this study. Among these patients, 155 were male, and 45 were female. The age ranged from 16 to 80 years old. 153 patients were diagnosed with primary dislocation, while 47 cases with recurrent dislocation.The maximum selection test indicated the cut-off point for CUSUM increasing was 7.Conclusions It will take about 7 times training for a resident to manage Hippocrates method for reducing shoulder dislocation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of test-enhanced learning method in the training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in “3+2” assistant general practitioners He Yulan, Zhang Pan, Li Liya, Zhang Dan, Liu Xinying, Lu Dongmei, Zhou Ziqin, Xu Ruimin 2018, 38 (3):  337-340.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.005 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (2608KB) ( 10 )   Objective To explore the application of test-enhanced learning (TEL) teaching pattern in the training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in “3+2” assistant general practitioners.Methods A total of 60 “3+2” assistant general practitioners of clinical orientation classes that entered Capital Medical University in 2015 and 2016 (hereinafter referred to as“trainees”),trained in Pinggu Hospital in 2016,were randomly divided into two groups: traditional teaching group and TEL teaching group, using the experimental control method. In the training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the experimental groap adopted the TEL teaching method, and the control group used the traditional teaching method. Compared the theory and skill assessments of the two groups after the training was complete for one week and 0.5 year,and two groups of students were surveyed one week after the end of the training.Results The results of the two examinations of the TEL group were superior to those of the traditional teaching group.The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The questionnaire results showed that the trainees were more satisfied with the TEL teaching method.Conclusions The TEL teaching method can improve the learning efficiency and contribute to the preservation of long-term memory, which can be applied to the training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of the effectiveness of the reflective practice theory based debriefing in high-fidelity simulation in the midwifery continuing education program Zhao Minhui, Zhuang Wei, Li Yuehong, Zhou Qian, Duan Tao 2018, 38 (3):  341-345.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.006 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (3558KB) ( 21 )   Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the reflective practice theory based debriefing in high-fidelity simulation in the midwifery continuing education program.Methods A midwifery simulation training program was constructed and conducted with the simulation training structure, combined with the core capability requirement for midwifery nurses. 69 trainees and 12 instructors enrolled in the midwifery continuing education program from December 2016 to March 2017, were selected as studyObjectives to investigate the training experiences. The Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) was used to evaluate the effect of debriefing from trainees and instructors after the simulation training.Results In the instructors’ view, debriefing was the most difficult part of the process of simulation. The average DASH-scores evaluated by the trainees were above 6.8; The average DASH-scores evaluated by the instructors were lower than trainees, and the score of “Provokes engaging discussions” was the lowest.Conclusions The debriefing based on the reflective practice theory can make positive effect in midwifery simulation training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of Flipped classroom teaching method based on massive open online course in the fundamentals of computer teaching in medical colleges Shi Fang, Zhu Qingwen, Shen Yingying 2018, 38 (3):  346-349.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.007 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (2650KB) ( 17 )   Objective To explore the teaching effect of Flipped classroom in the fundamentals of computer of medical college.Methods A total of 209 students from the Clinical Medical College of Tianjin Medical University were studied in 2016.In the course of fundamentals of computer teaching, the experiment control method(MOOC) was adopted, and 104 students of optometry and ophthalmology were enrolled in the experimental group, and Flipped classroom teaching based on massive open online courses(MOOC) was adopted. The 105 students of pharmacy were the control group, and the traditional teaching method was adopted. At the end of the course, the final examination results and the quantitative value of curriculum participation of the two groups were compared, and the students in the experimental group were asked to conduct a questionnaire survey on Flipped classroom teaching.Results The average scores of the two groups were compared in the final examination, and the difference was statistically significant(Z=2.95,P<0.05).The quantitative comparison of curriculum participation was statistically significant(Z=25.00,P<0.05). The questionnaire results show that most of the students in the experimental group support the use of flipped classroom teaching method.Conclusions The Flipped classroom teaching based on MOOC plays an important role in cultivating students’ autonomous learning, expression induction, teamwork and logical thinking. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application and effect evaluation of the diversified interactive teaching model based on the post competency as the core in the teaching of medical genetics Zhang Jinbo, Song Hanjun, Zhu Jinling, Zhang Chunbin 2018, 38 (3):  350-354.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.008 Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (3255KB) ( 36 )   Objective To investigate the effect of the diversified interactive teaching model based on the post competency as the core in applied the teaching of medical genetics.Methods 175 students of grade 2012 clinical medicine were selected as research subjects in Jiamusi University, 3, 4 class of 94 students of 2012 grade clinical medicine were used the post competency as the core of multiple interactive teaching model as the experimental group:1, 2 class of 81 students of 2012 grade clinical medicine were used the traditional teaching method as control group, All of the two groups shared the same teachers. The teaching effect was evaluated by the students’ questionnaire and test scores. SPSS 19 statistical software were use for statistical analysis.Results In the questionnaire survey after class, the average score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, with statistically difference (P<0.01), there was no significant difference between the two groups. The results of questionnaire survey showed that most of the students in the experimental group were recognized for the diversified interactive teaching model of post competency as the core, the post competence as the core of the diversified interactive teaching model is higher than the traditional teaching method in the comprehensive ability of the students, the post competency as the core of the interactive teaching model is higher than the traditional teaching method in the promotion of students’ autonomous learning.Conclusions This teaching model is feasible to conducive to the cultivation of humanistic spirit of medicine and doctor-patient communication skills and to train the clinical logical thinking, clinical practice skills and teamwork ability, it can improve the quality of teaching and to be expanded. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of practical nurses training effect on nursing core competence based on the clinical practice teaching model of integrating teacher and students Tan Chunmiao, Zhou Xiangdong, Zhu Yan, Fu Li 2018, 38 (3):  355-359.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.009 Abstract ( 48 )   PDF (3243KB) ( 13 )   Objective To explore the effect of practical nurses training effect on nursing core competence based on the clinical practice teaching model of integrating teacher and students.Methods The 60 nursing students who were practicing of the 2013 nursing specialty as intern nurses in the Respiratory Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College during 2016 to 2017 were randomly divided into two groups, experimental group and control group, with 30 intern nurses in each group respectively. The intern nurses in experimental group were taught in the clinical practice teaching mode of integrating teacher and students; the intern nurses in control group were educated by the traditional one-on-one teaching mode. Before and after four weeks of Internship in respiratory medicine, the training effect on nursing core competence of intern nurses was observed and evaluated by self-evaluation and assessment panel.Results The aggregate score by self-evaluation of nursing core competence in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Especially the scores of critical thinking/scientific research, the score of interpersonal relationships, educational/consultation, ethics/legal practice and professional development were significantly improved in the experimental group. The total score by assessment panel of nursing core competence in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, though there was no significant difference in the clinical nursing and leadership ability (P>0.05), the total average scores and the score of rest 5 core ability were still statistically significant (all P<0.05).Conclusions The clinical practice teaching mode of integrating teacher and students can effectively improve the core competence of practicing nurses. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of HC video laryngoscope airway visualization technology in tracheal intubation teaching for clinical probation Wei Bin, Xu Mao, Zhang Liping, Guo Xiangyang 2018, 38 (3):  360-363.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.010 Abstract ( 39 )   PDF (2657KB) ( 9 )   Objective To observe the application of HC video laryngoscope airway visualization technology in tracheal intubation teaching for clinical probation.Methods Forty students who had not been trained in tracheal intubation were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, 20 students in each group. The students in observation group were taught by HC video laryngoscope airway visualization technology on the model, while the students in control group were taught by the traditional Macintosh laryngoscope on the model. After the completion of the teaching, two groups of students were grasped about the tracheal intubation on the model. The success rate for first tracheal intubation, the success rate for total tracheal intubation, the classification of glottis structure(Cormack-Lehane classification), the incidence of tooth injury, tracheal intubation time and the score of clinical teaching questionnaire were compared between the two groups.Results The total success rate and the first success rate of tracheal intubation in the observation group were higher than those of the control group. The exposure grading of the observation group was better than that of the control group, the incidence of tooth injury was lower than that of the control group, and the intubation time was shorter than that of the control group. The teaching questionnaire showed that the score of teaching satisfaction, tracheal intubation proficiency and study interest were higher than those of the control group.Conclusions Application of HC video laryngoscope airway visualization technology helps the students quickly grasp the skills of tracheal intubation and gets better teaching feedback. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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NeuroTouch in the training of junior neurosurgeons Ge Peicong, Liu Chang, Wang Liang, Wang Hao, Chen Xiaolin, Wang Shuo, Cao Yong, Zhang Dong, Wang Rong, Zhang Yan, Zhao Jizong, Zhao Yuanli, Ye Xun 2018, 38 (3):  364-367.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.011 Abstract ( 35 )   PDF (2432KB) ( 19 )   Objective To explore the effect of NeuroTouch using in the training of junior neurosurgeons.Methods Eight right-handed male neurosurgery residents and 16 male right-handed neurosurgery students were selected, in which 8 are master candidates and 8 are doctor candidates. Then each of the residents completed simulated Glioblastoma multiform resections using the NeuroTouch platform. The resectability of tumor, volume of healthy brain removed, sum of forces utilized, maximum force applied during tumor resection, instrument total tip path lengths and frequency of pedal activation, were observed. Other 16 neurosurgery novices performed the resection of 7 simulated brain tumor before using the NeuroTouch platform, recording all data above mentioned. A completely randomized analysis of variance and paired-samples t test were processed using SPSS 23.0.Results Compared with postgraduates, neurosurgery residents had higher resectability, resected less surrounding simulated normal brain tissue, less sum of forces utilized and maximum force applied, shorter ultrasonic aspirator total tip path lengths and activated the simulated ultrasonic pedal less frequently(P<0.05). Junior neurosurgeons could significantly improve the operation skill after training(P<0.05).Conclusions NeuroTouch can reflect the experience of operators and improve the operation skill of junior neurosurgeons. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The analysis of scientific cooperation network to medical education based on CiteSpace II in 21st Century Jiang Hai, Liu Weiwei, Guan Youfei 2018, 38 (3):  368-372.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.012 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (3375KB) ( 14 )   Scientific research cooperation is the research activity to realize their respective goals in the process of new scientific knowledge production. The study conducts scientific research cooperation analysis of “medical education” on the data from WOS (Web of Science), using the CiteSpace II as the tool to describe knowledge mapping and information visualization.By the method of expert interpretation, the study reveals the situation and development of scientific research cooperation about Medical Education on the levels of micro, medium and macro in 21st Century. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and application of internet platform for integrated medicine curriculum Qin Ying, Zhang Junfang, Xie Dongping, Li Yuxian, Wang Haihong 2018, 38 (3):  373-376.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.013 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (2677KB) ( 24 )   Tongji University school of medicine started the integration of basic medical curriculum to promote the education and training program of excellent doctors. As an aid to support the integration curriculum and provide clear frame and timely evaluation during integration, a direct to learning (D2L) platform was set up. Based on separate knowledge points, an integrated basic medicine knowledge tree was built using internet technology, with organs and systems as branches and the whole body as a trunk. The knowledge tree helps to build multidisciplinary connects and provides support and evaluation of teaching and learning. Furthermore, D2L acts as a platform for interactive communication between faculties and students. D2L platform was opened to the second year students at autumn semester, 2017, and had good effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of virtual experimental teaching combined with traditional experimental teaching in the experimental teaching of regional anatomy Jin Haifeng, Shen Lei, Yao Lijie, Guo Linna, Zhang Shanqiang 2018, 38 (3):  377-379.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.014 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (1985KB) ( 7 )   Objective To explore the application effect of virtual experimental teaching combined with traditional experimental teaching in the experimental teaching of regional anatomy.Methods 200 students from grade 2015 and grade 2016 of clinical medicine in Qiqihar Medical College were selected as the research objects, and each grade was divided into control group and experimental group according to their grades. The control groups adopted the traditional experimental teaching and the experimental groups adopted the virtual experimental teaching combined with the traditional experimental teaching. The teaching effect of all groups were evaluated by regular quizzes (usual test) and digital specimen examination (final experimental exam).Results The scores of regular quizzes and digital specimen examination in each experimental group were significantly higher than those of the corresponding control group, the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusions In the experimental teaching of regional anatomy, the application of virtual experiment teaching combined with the traditional experimental teaching method improves the students’academic performance and helps to improve the teaching effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction research of the meta-evaluation index system for the university curriculum evaluation Liu Cheng, Yu Chihui, Cai Jingyi 2018, 38 (3):  380-383.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.015 Abstract ( 46 )   PDF (2686KB) ( 41 )   The courses teaching and learning quality is the core of higher education quality. How to guarantee the curriculum evaluation can be scientific, efficient, and reasonably implemented, is an important issue of quality assurance of higher education. This paper introduces the concept of meta-evaluation, and on the basis of the theories of meta-evaluation and curriculum evaluation, refers to the related literatures and experience as well as suggestions, constructs the index system for the university curriculum evaluation. It also puts forward three implementation suggestions, that is, pay attention to the overall process monitoring of curriculum evaluation; choose the appropriate subject of meta-evaluation; explore the applicable institution of meta-evaluation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of process assessment system based on the network tool “SOJUMP” in pathophysiology teaching Zhang Yan, Xu Hai, Liu Limei, Cong Xin, Liu Junchang, Cai Jingyi, Wu Liling 2018, 38 (3):  384-387.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.016 Abstract ( 64 )   PDF (2903KB) ( 50 )   With the emergence of new educational and teaching theories, examination and evaluation methods, pathophysiology teaching made some revolutions to meet the needs teaching and personnel training. According to the requirements of Peking University on teaching assessment, we began to use the process assessment in grade 2010 based on the classroom test, which seeks to monitor educational outcomes, often for purposes of external accountability. It typically involves qualitative feedback for both student and teacher that focus on the details of content and performance. Furthermore, we established a teaching evaluation system characterized by combination of process assessment system based on the network tool “SOJUMP” and final scoring assessment to evaluate its application in pathophysiology teaching evaluation system from grade 2014. The system was proved to be efficient in modifying teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the quantitative analysis of integrative tests of basic medicine based on physiological tests Liu Kan, Zhang Shuai, Zheng Shuyuan, Tian Tian, Liu Yali 2018, 38 (3):  388-393.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.017 Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (4087KB) ( 12 )   The test paper analysis is an important means to improve the quality of test questions, understand students’ learning progress and provide feedback on the teaching. This paper studied 120 physiological test questions from integrative tests of basic medicine from 2013 to 2016 for students of five-year undergraduate program in Air Force Medical Univevsity, and evaluated the quality of test questions by investigating discrimination, difficulty and characteristic curve of each test question. On this basis, we tried to formulate the quantitative indicator of test questions for Holistic Integrative Medicine curriculum and introduce a few methods of carrying out the quantitative analysis of test questions, providing reference assistance for improving teaching methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of micro lecture combining the OSCE assessment methods in nursing comprehensive training Ding Li, Yue Ying, Zhan Xiaochun 2018, 38 (3):  394-398.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.018 Abstract ( 40 )   PDF (3294KB) ( 12 )   Objective To explore the teaching effect of microlecture teaching method combined with OSCE assessment method in comprehensive nursing practice training.Methods A total of 127 students from 2 classes of the class of nursing in Xinjiang medical university ,were randomly selected as subjects. Class 2 was experimental group (n=64) and control group (n=63). The control group took the traditional operation training model, the experimental group adopted the traditional teaching method and the teaching method introduced by microlecture. After the teaching practice, the two groups of final examination results were assessed by OSCE method, the teaching effect and autonomous learning ability.Results The comprehensive scores of the experimental group and control group were (89.7±3.7) and (78.9±5.8) respectively. The total excellent rate of the experimental group and control group were 89.1 % and 76.2 %. The total score of self-directed learning ability of the experimental group and the control group were (257.7±2.6) and (219.0±2.0), which were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusions In comprehensive nursing training, the combination of microlectures model and OSEC evaluation method is better than traditional teaching method, microlectures teaching method combined with the OSCE evaluation method is better than the traditional teaching method, which helps to improve the teaching effect and the students’ comprehensive quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflections on the textbook construction and selection in higher medical colleges and universities under the new situation Yao Rong, Liu Yan, Han Zhonggang 2018, 38 (3):  399-402.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.019 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (2973KB) ( 14 )   In the current context featuring diversified textbook construction, there are some problems in the textbook construction and selection in higher medical colleges and universities: the quality of textbook is varied between good and bad, the innovation of textbook is reduced to tokenism, and the textbook is increasingly voluminous and costly. These problems have led to our further thinking on the textbook construction and selection in higher medical colleges and universities: putting more emphasis on the textbook construction in higher medical colleges and universities by carrying out in-depth research on textbooks; implementing hierarchical management of textbook construction to facilitate the formation of mainstream textbooks; establishing a scientific quality evaluation system for textbooks; establishing supervision and restraint mechanisms to standardize the selection process of textbooks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on cognition and application of problem-based learning among teachers in a medical college Wei Junni, Xue Shulian, Fu Zhendong 2018, 38 (3):  403-406.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.020 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (2617KB) ( 13 )   Objective To understand the cognition and application of the problem-based learning (PBL) from teachers in a medical college, and provide suggestions for medical teaching method improvement.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 75 teachers engaged in first-line teaching in medical colleges. The software SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the data.Results Totally 75 valid answer sheets were received. A total of 60.0% (45/75) teachers’ PBL knowledge come from school training; 12.0% (9/75) teachers’ PBL knowledge were derived from radio, television, newspapers and other media. The difference in the source of PBL knowledge of different professional teachers was statistically significant(χ2=18.69,P<0.001)and the majority of them like this teaching method. It was believed that PBL teaching can improve students’ independent learning, knowledge, problem solving and teamwork spirit. There was no statistically significant difference between different professional teachers in PBL (χ2=4.13,P=0.13). At present, 48.0%(36/75) of teachers apply PBL teaching method to teaching, but PBL teaching time was relatively short.Conclusions The teachers from the school have a better understanding of the PBL teaching method. And traditional method combined with PBL is proposed according to the school’s present situation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The development of medical undergraduates’ general ability evaluation questionnaire Zhang Hui, Cheng Huaqin, Cai Jingyi, Chen Juan 2018, 38 (3):  407-410.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.021 Abstract ( 40 )   PDF (2820KB) ( 23 )   Objective To develop medical undergraduates’ general ability assessment questionnaire, and analysis items and evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Methods Questionnaire and statistical methods were adopted. The first round survey reached 483 undergraduate medical students, and the data was used to screen items, analyzing each item’s degree of dispersion, correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the degree of discrimination, and confirmatory factor analysis was adopted to examine data fitness of the established factor model. The second round survey reached 482 undergraduate medical students, and the data was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Results Medical undergraduates’ general ability assessment questionnaire contained humanistic care ability, interpersonal skills, independent learning ability, team cooperation ability, critical thinking skills and the ability to access and applications of information, and each dimension contained 7 items for a total of 42 items. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for total scores was 0.931, and six dimensions were all better than 0.700. Except for the Goodness of Fit Index (0.889) was slightly less than the standard value (0.9), the other indicators were better than the standard value, indicating that the factor model fit well.Conclusions The reliability and validity of the medical undergraduates’ general ability assessment questionnaire are all good, which can be used as a tool of measuring the students’ abilities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the relationship between communication abilities and physical exercises of medical students Wan Li, Sheng Ying, Li Xiaoyan, Lu Feng, Liu Zongyu 2018, 38 (3):  411-414.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.022 Abstract ( 30 )   PDF (2496KB) ( 11 )   Objective To analyze the difference of communication abilities of medical students who participate different sports, the paper explored the influence of physical exercises on improving medical students’ communication abilities, in order to provide reference for the adjustment and optimization of the physical education in medical colleges and universities.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the basic situation, sports participation, communication skills and listening skills of 384 medical students in a medical college in Beijing.Results The medical students who participates in the difficult and beautiful event group such as aerobics and the group competitive antagonistic sports such as football and basketball and net competitive antagonistic sports such as badminton and table tennis showed significant better communication abilities than that of the medical students have no physical exercises.Conclusions The medical students who participate physical exercises have significant better communication abilities than those have no physical exercises. Difficult and beautiful event group such like aerobics and group competitive antagonistic sports such as football and basketball have a high likelihood of significantly improving medical students’ communication abilities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of clinical students’ independent learning and cultivation of self-management ability Chen Xiaowen, Shi Nan, Wang Ying, Li Haichao 2018, 38 (3):  415-419.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.023 Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (2855KB) ( 23 )   Objective To understand the independent learning situation of clinical students, find out the problems existing in the training process of medical students, explore education and teaching methods, and enhance students’ self-management ability.Methods Questionnaire which was self-designed were utilized to collect data from 141 clinical students in Peking University First Hospital, contains the general situation of learning, self-management, teaching methods and formative evaluation, cooperated with some individual interviews.Data were analyzed by rank sum test.Results 78.7%(111/141) of the students were interested in medicine. Students of secondary clinical disciplines were more tired (Z=-4.450, P<0.001); 39.0%(55/141) of the students thought their self-management were good;Students of secondary clinical disciplines were more active than the clinical undergraduates in arriving early(Z=-5.296,P<0.001), leaving late (Z=-6.024, P<0.001), advance preparation (Z=-4.975,P<0.001), to study room (Z=-2.895, P=0.004), asking history or checking body (Z=-4.48, P<0.001), asking teachers for help (Z=-2.98,P=0.003) , asking senior classmate for help (Z=-3.172, P=0.002) and learning by self-study time (Z=-3.266, P=0.001). 63.1%(89/141) of the students thought that formative evaluation was helpful for improving self-management, especially the undergraduates(Z=-3.286,P=0.001).Conclusions It can enhance the clinical students’ self-management ability and learning enthusiasm by guiding them to participate in clinical teaching activities, innovating teaching methods and keep improving formative evaluation, especially the undergraduates. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of sensory learning styles on study among medical undergraduates in Shanghai Lu Juan, Liu Bin 2018, 38 (3):  420-425.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.024 Abstract ( 30 )   PDF (3624KB) ( 11 )   Objective To survey on influence of sensory learning styles on academic motivation, learning attitudes, academic performance and its expectation among medical undergraduates in Shanghai.Methods Using comprehensive questionnaires including VARK(Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic questionnaire) and simple learning motivation scale, the 2791 medical undergraduates in two universities in Shanghai were surveyed on with the inclined quantities, degrees and distribution of sensory learning styles, academic motivation, learning attitudes, academic performance and its expectation.Results It showed statistical significance in the inclined quantities of sensory learning styles among undergraduates with different academic performance (χ2=24.492, P=0.002), the “excellence” percentage of those with single inclination was the highest, which were respectively 44.2% (179/405), but the “poor” percentage of those with four inclinations was the highest, which was 31.6% (92/291). It showed statistical significance in the inclined degrees of sensory learning styles among undergraduates with different self-appraised learning attitudes, academic performance and its expectation (χ2=28.055, 22.090, 31.891, P=0.001, 0.009, 0.001), the “poor performance” percentage of those with multiple inclinations was the highest, which was 63.6% (185/291). It showed statistical significance in the distribution of sensory learning styles among undergraduates with different academic motivation and self-appraised learning attitudes (χ2=24.461, 32.917, P=0.002, 0.001). The percentage of “strong” academic motivation was the highest in those with single read and write type, which was 16.0%(63/393).Conclusions The sensory learning styles among medical undergraduates in Shanghai are different from others and closely related with study circumstance. It is suggested that the study motivation of medical students should be advanced considering their distribution of sensory learning styles. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The investigation and analysis on the awareness and knowledge of palliative medicine of the medical student in the 5th grade in a medical university Wei Ming, Gan Lu, Yang Xiaomei, Xiang Rongxia, Di Mingbo, Li Yujin, Wei Rong 2018, 38 (3):  426-429.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.025 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (2547KB) ( 5 )   Objective To investigate the awareness and knowledge of palliative medicine of the medical student in the 5th grade in a medical university.Methods Questionnaries were sent to 300 college students major in clinical medicine in the 5th grade. The questionnaire was designed by the investigator of this study. It included 3 parts: first, their demographic data; second, attitude toward death, education received about death, and experiences on caring terminal patients; third, awareness and knowledge to palliative medicine.Results 58.7% (168/286) medical students didn’t take any training or courses about death or terminal care and 62.6% (179/286) medical students hadn’t read any books or articles about death. 15.7% (45/286) medical students indicated that they knew the concept of palliative medicine, but 93.0% (266/286) medical students hadn’t received any education about it.Conclusions The medical university should strengthen the education of palliative medicine and take effective measures to promote the mastery of medical knowledge of palliative medicine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of objective structured clinical examination for nuclear medicine residents Di Lijuan, Liao Xuhe, Wang Rongfu, Fan Yan, Yan Ping, Zhang Jianhua, Zhang Chunli, Zhang Xuchu, Liu Meng, Cui Yonggang, Zhao Guangyu, Sun Hongwei, Yin Lei, Chen Xueqi 2018, 38 (3):  430-434.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.026 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (3170KB) ( 30 )   Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for nuclear medicine residents in Beijing.Methods The OSCE score of residents participating the standardized training from 2014 to 2017 were analyzed, including score, passing rate, difficulty, discrimination, reliability, validity. The examination was composed of six stations including radioactivity operating and protection, case analysis, history acquisition, image acquisition and processing, doctor-patients communication, report writing.Results The median OSCE score of 2014 and 2015 was 89.20(86.68-92.30)、88.38(83.33-90.80) respectively. The mean OSCE score of 2016、2017 was (86.52±3.33), (88.47±1.42) respectively. The passing rate of each year was more than 90%. The difficulty was 0.87, 0.87, 0.87, 0.88,and the Cronbach α of reliability was 0.88, 0.72, 0.55, 0.32 respectively for OSCE from 2014 to 2017. The discrimination range was 0.49～0.92 for all stations. The raters reliability was good for stations including radioactivity operating and protection, case analysis, history acquisition and slightly bad for image acquisition and processing, doctor-patients communication in 2017.Conclusions OSCE can truly imitate clinical environment and evaluate the residents’s comprehensive clinical skills effectively, but the program should be further optimized to improve the application effects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The SEGUE Framework for accessing communication skills of residents Gu Shixian, Zhang Aijing, Huo Gang, Zhang Qi, Wang Guan, Han Qingfeng 2018, 38 (3):  435-438.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.027 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (2759KB) ( 51 )   Objective To explore the effect of doctor-patient communication course on improvement of doctor-patient communication ability of residents.Methods Totally 181residents were chosen as the research object in this self-control study in Peking University Third Hospital, SEGUE framework and questionnaire survey were used to conduct exploratory research at the end of the training of doctor-patient communication on curriculum.Results After the doctor-patient communication skills training, residents in the communication start, information collection, information giving, understand patient and at the end of the interrogation of five modules ability were improved, and the differences are statistically significant (P<0.001). The residents’ satisfaction with the teaching teachers, teaching hours, teaching methods and teaching content was higher.Conclusions In the future, there is need improving the communication start and information collection, enhancing residents’ doctor-patient communication ability and building a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and research on evaluation system to pediatric residency doctor-patient communication skills Wang Xiujuan, Wang Aihua, Liang Ying, Han Tongxin, Jiao Liping, Wang Liping, Lyu Yaqi 2018, 38 (3):  439-443.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.028 Abstract ( 20 )   PDF (3143KB) ( 10 )   Objective To construct the evaluation indicators for assessing the doctor-patient communication skills of pediatric residents.Methods Using literature review and expert consultation methods, summarizing a self-designed doctor-patient communication assessment form. The evaluation table includes 24 items in 6 dimensions in total. Using the evaluation table analyze the scores of doctor-patient communication assessment of 161 residents in Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, to verify the internal consistency of different dimensions of the score table and the consistency of the scores of the nine examiners.Results The six dimensions of the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient in the evaluation table do not exceed 0.6, and the preferable dimension of internal consistency is “communication effect” (α=0.58). According to “whether the points were deducted” (categorical variables) to judge the consistency between the examiners, only two entries kappa value of two test sites≥ 0.4, “body language” and other eight entries were a test kappa≥ 0.4, the remaining 14 The entries kappa value of 5 test sites were <0.4, indicating poor consistency between examiners. According to the “specific scores deduction” (continuous variable) to judge the consistency between the examiners where the examination room D has 6 entries α value≥ 0.6, C only one Cronbach coefficient α 0.83, and with the examination room two examiners There is a big difference between the score and the phenomenon, indicating the need to strengthen the examiner training.Conclusions Need to further optimize the score sheet, develop specific grading standards, and explore scientific evaluation system of doctor-patient communication ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A survey of teaching behavior, capacity and self-development on clinical Liu Yumei, Fei Yang, Bao Hongda, Wang Feng, Xue Qin, Wang Niansong 2018, 38 (3):  444-449.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.029 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (3465KB) ( 11 )   Objective To know the evaluation of teaching behavior, capacity and self-development from standardized training of residents and specialists.Methods Based on prepared questionnaire, 122 residents and specialists trained in Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital and Shanghai First People’s Hospital were investigated.Results In teaching behavior assessment, 63.9%(78/122) of training doctors considered that they got little teaching time, and 84.4%(103/122) of them considered the heavy clinical work as the most reason. They thought that residents provided few and low-quality clinical knowledge. In capacity assessment, although evaluation results of residents were not consistent with that of specialists, they all agreed with the attitude, ability, technique and self-promotion embodied in teachers’ and learners’ capacity. As the results of their average score were over 3.74. In self-development assessment, 8.0%(7/87) of residents and 37.1%(13/35) of specialists had the strong desire to become clinical teachers. Although only 3.4%(3/87) of training doctors wanted residents to become the main clinical teachers, and 91.8%(112/122) of them considered the heavy clinical work as the biggest obstacle, they still optimistically believed that senior residents and junior attending could be good clinical teachers.Conclusions Clinical teaching is not sufficient. Few residents participate in clinical teaching, but senior residents and junior attending have the capacity to become good clinical teachers. However, more steps are needed to encourage them. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of peer communication for patient latent dangers detecting in residency training Xie Xiaoli, Lu Zhanghong, Jonathan Lio 2018, 38 (3):  450-454.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.030 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (3327KB) ( 11 )   Objective To evaluate the effect of peer communication on improving the ability of resident physicians to detect potential patient safety problems.Methods Resident physicians were recruited for research from Renmin Hospital, a tertiary care facility affiliated with Wuhan University. Thirty-eight residents volunteered to participate in the program as the experimental group. Residents participated in a simulation demonstrating common potential safety hazards and were asked to independently identify as many hazards as possible. After small group peer discussion, the simulation was repeated. Residents were surveyed before and after the exercise. Paired t-test and chi-squared test were used to compare correct answers before and after peer discussion.Results All of the participators thought that it’s important to qualified patient safety ability for a doctor.The number of patient safety hazards that were detected by residents in the simulation scene,results showed that before peer communication the average detection number of patient safety hazards was 3.18, after peer communication the average detection number of patient safety hazards was 6.50 It could improve the knowledge, confidence and ability of patient safety effectively for residents by peer communication.Conclusions Peer communication can improve residents’ abilities to detect potential patient safety hazards in simulated clinical settings. It is a model of patient safety training worthy of promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflections of progressive staged management in “5+3” integrated standardized resident training program on pediatrics Wang Na, Chen Yan, Liu Yalan, Zha Hui, Cai Fucheng, Hao Jinjin, Wang Lin 2018, 38 (3):  455-459.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.031 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (3585KB) ( 14 )   To explore the progressive staged management in “5+3” integrated standardized resident training program on pediatrics. In China the standardized resident training program has been carried out in a comprehensive manner, and the training course needs more refined management. The process is staged in “5+3” integrated standardized resident training program on pediatrics, dividing into primary, intermediate and advanced stages, step by step to promote the entire training process. Besides, scientific research training is added to meet the requirements of postgraduate degree when in graduation. Diverse teaching and assessment methods are encouraged in the process. Integral system management is introduced to fully encourage both trainees and teachers to work full of enthusiasm. All the measures are to ensure the ultimate realization of the trainingObjectives. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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We Media enhances continuing medical education for medical professionals Xu Junjun, Feng Yi 2018, 38 (3):  460-463.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.032 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (2830KB) ( 9 )   Objective To investigate how We Media helps medical professionals with their continuing medical education and provides a new way of continuing medical education for medical professionals.Methods Conducted a questionnaire survey on the WeChat Public Account of Medical Reference Pain Channel and learned about the readers’ demographic profile, reading preferences and reading hobbies.Results Of all the 786 readers participated in the survey, pain physicians accounted for the largest, followed by readers of other clinical departments and anesthesiologists, basic medicine researchers are the least. WeChat Public Accounts, together with medicine websites and medical meetings, are the three favorite ways of learning about medical information for our readers. The three most popular topics of literature reports are new technology and management, case reports and guidelines.Conclusions We Media has the advantages of flexible contents and forms, less time and space limitations, easiness to form study communities, which makes it possible for“any time, any where learning”. We Media may provide a new platform of learning and developing for medical professionals and a new way of continuing education for medicine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The grim status and urgent demand of continuing medical education among the geriatric staffs in long-term care Wang Qiumei, Zhu Minglei, Kang Lin, Chen Ziwei, Xing Shanshan, Liu Xiaohong 2018, 38 (3):  464-467.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.033 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (2415KB) ( 13 )   Objective To investigate the current status and demand of continuing medical educations (CME)in geriatrics in long-term care among the health staffs working for the elderly.Methods A cross-sectional investigation was done among all the participants attending the Peking Union and Orpea Geriatric Training Course held in 2016 and in 2017. A structured questionnaire was distributed before the course to explore the information of learning track and content of geriatric education in the past, and the favorite training modality & attractive content in the future; a second questionnaire was distributed to investigate the training effect after the class.Results We found that 44.3% of the respondents did not attend any continuing medical education in geriatrics, and only a few of them(19.8%～34.5%) had the CME on the elementary content of geriatrics such as comprehensive geriatric assessment, geriatric syndromes, chronic disease and elderly care. The short-term training course was the favorite modality of CME(59.4%). As to the content of CME, nearly all the lectures on geriatrics were found to be able to promote the clinical practice rated by most of the trainees.Conclusions The conditions of geriatric knowledge held by the health staffs for the elderly are grim at present. The continuing medical educations in Geriatrics are in great need, and should be promoted and combined with the qualification and certification of all personnel involved with geriatric services. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Geriatric education for medical students in the United States and its implications to China Hou Jianlin, Liu Dongming, Yan Minghui, Guo Li, Yin Xiaoli, Men Hanjun, Wang Tong, Wang Weimin 2018, 38 (3):  468-473.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.034 Abstract ( 56 )   PDF (4121KB) ( 27 )   Objective To summarize requirements and practice in American geriatric medical education for medical students and discuss its implications to China.Methods Use document analysis method. Summarize and analyze retrieved relevant publications and on-line resources.Results The American Geriatrics Society and relevant scholars developed core competencies and minimum required geriatric medical abilities for medical graduates, respectively. Most medical schools had well-outlinedObjectives in geriatric medical education, and mainly relied on integrated courses for the teaching of geriatric medicine, and used both traditional and new pedagogies to ensure geriatric medical education was included in the whole process of education for medical students.Conclusions The United States attaches importance to geriatric medical education for medical students. Active exploration and practice is conducted in developing competency standard and ability requirement, curriculum, education model and pedagogy. The importance and urgency of enhancing geriatric medical education for all undergraduate medical students should be well realized in China. Geriatric medical education criteria for medical undergraduate should be issued in order to promote and standardize geriatric medical education. Geriatric educational model and pedagogy also should be innovated based on international experiences. Geriatric medical knowledge should be integrated into relevant medical courses in order to enhance the teaching of the knowledge in the whole process of undergraduate medical education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation and analysis of the continuing medical education system in Brazil Wang Dongyang, Zhu Binhai, Dai Xiaoting, Ma Zhen 2018, 38 (3):  474-479.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.03.035 Abstract ( 36 )   PDF (4362KB) ( 17 )   The literature method was applied to summarize and analyze the historical evolution, current situation, characteristics and shortcomings of continuing medical education system in Brazil, to understand its historical and current implementation of the continuing medical education system, and to review its characteristics and deficiencies. The result indicate that the continuing medical education system in Brazil have adequate legal protection, complete institutions, plentiful network platform, abundant participation of universities, and flexible and diverse education forms, while its shortcomings exist in poor policy continuity, limited continuing medical education effect, relatively weak practical teaching, incomplete network management function and unfulfilled supervision. References | Related Articles | Metrics