中华医学教育杂志

中华医学教育杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 155-160.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230306-00221

• 国外医学与比较医学教育 • 上一篇    

美国医学院校与医学生数量分布及其地区差异性研究

林皇涛1, 李粤鑫2, 贾金忠3, 严琪4, 雷晓花5, 朱睿1, 温明月1, 朱泉熔4, 徐明6   

  1. 1石河子大学医学院2021级公共卫生硕士研究生,石河子 832002;
    2济南市第三人民医院医院感染管理科,济南 250132;
    3北京大学研究生院医学部分院学会秘书处办公室,北京 100191;
    4北京大学公共卫生学院卫生政策与管理学系,北京 100191;
    5雅安市疾病预防控制中心急传科,雅安 625000;
    6北京大学研究生院医学部分院,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-06 出版日期:2024-02-01 发布日期:2024-01-30
  • 通讯作者: 贾金忠, Email: jiajinzhongpku@126.com

Study on the number distribution and regional differences of medical colleges and students in the United States

Lin Huangtao1, Li Yuexin2, Jia Jinzhong3, Yan Qi4, Lei Xiaohua5, Zhu Rui1, Wen Mingyue1, Zhu Quanrong4, Xu Ming6   

  1. 1Master Degree Candidate, Public Health Major, Enrolled in 2021, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China;
    2Infection Management Department, Jinan Third People′s Hospital, Jinan City, Jinan 250132, China;
    3Branch Society Secretariat Office, Graduate School of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China;
    4Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
    5Emergency Transmission Department, Yaan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yaan 625000, China;
    6Graduate School of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2023-03-06 Online:2024-02-01 Published:2024-01-30
  • Contact: Jia Jinzhong, Email: jiajinzhongpku@126.com

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摘要： 目的 了解美国医学院校与医学生数量的分布情况及地区差异,分析其地区分布差异的主要来源,并探讨其原因。方法 采用描述性统计方法,利用2020年美国医学院校协会监测报表数据,分析美国医学院校和医学生数量的地区分布现状,借助泰尔指数分析其地区数量分布的差异来源。结果 2020年,美国共有155所医学院校,其中,东北地区42所(27.1%),中部地区35所(22.6%),南部地区55所(35.5%),西部地区23所(14.8%);在州府城市办学的35所(22.6%),县级城市办学的105所(67.7%),乡镇办学的15所(9.7%);综合性大学医学院128所(82.6%),独立医学院27所(17.4%)。2011至2020年,总录取人数从1.9万人上升至2.2万人,申录比从2.3上升至2.4。2020年美国医学生州内、州外入学人数、在校生人数分别为13 430人、8 657人、94 243人。医学院校数量、入学人数、在校生人数的泰尔指数贡献率地区内分别为54.9%、18.9%、77.6%,地区间分别为45.1%、81.1 %、22.4%。结论 美国医学院校分布不均衡,医学生数量不断扩增,但整体规模仍较小。美国医学生整体州内入学的人数更多,医学院校数量和入学人数的地区分布差异主要来自地区内,在校生人数分布差异主要来自地区间。

关键词: 美国, 医学院校, 地区差异性, 泰尔指数

Abstract: Objective To understand the distribution of the number of medical colleges and medical students in the United States, to analyze the main sources of the regional distribution differences and explore the reasons. Methods Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the regional distribution of the number of medical colleges and medical students in the United States by using the data of the monitoring report of the Association of American Medical Colleges in 2020. And Theil index was applied to analyze the sources of regional distribution differences. Results By 2020, there were 155 medical colleges and universities in the United States, including 42(27.1%) in the northeast, 35(22.6%) in the central, 55(35.5%) in the south and 23(14.8%) in the west. Among them, 35(22.6%) were running schools in state capital cities, 105(67.7%) in county-level cities, and 15(9.7%) in towns and townships. There are 128(82.6%) universities and 27(17.4%) independent medical colleges. From 2011 to 2020, the total number of admissions rose from 19 000 to 22 000, and the admission ratio rose from 2.3 to 2.4. In 2020, the number of medical students enrolled in the United States, both within the state and from outside, along with the number of students currently enrolled, were 13 430, 8 657, and 94 243 respectively. The contribution rates of the number of medical colleges, enrollment, and number of enrolled students to the Theil index are 54.9%, 18.9%, and 77.6% within the region, and 45.1%, 81.1%, and 22.4% between regions, respectively. Conclusions The distribution of medical colleges and universities in the United States is not balanced. The number of medical students is increasing, but the overall scale is still small, with more medical students enrolled within the state. The regional distribution differences in the number of medical colleges and enrollment mainly come from within the regions, while the distribution differences in the number of enrolled students mainly come from between regions.

Key words: United States, Medical colleges and universities, Regional differences, Theil index

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