面向教育场景的虚拟标准化病人技术演进及其应用与展望

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20250523-00582

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 虚拟标准化病人(virtual standardized patient,VSP)作为人工智能与模拟医学深度融合的产物,正推动医学教育向数据驱动范式转变。本文系统梳理了VSP的技术演进脉络,对比分析了其与传统标准化病人的核心差异,深入探讨了国内外VSP在技术架构与功能定位上的发展路径差异,国内侧重于考核评价导向的智能评分系统,国外聚焦于过程体验导向的多模态沉浸交互。VSP具有成本可控、教学同质、场景灵活等优势,也面临非语言模拟不足、生成内容失真、评估标准缺失等现实挑战。未来VSP的发展,技术上从多模态交互向生理闭环演进,标准上从分散向统一评估体系转型,安全治理上从被动防护向主动治理深化。本研究旨在为VSP的本土化研发应用、医学教育的智能升级提供参考。

关键词: 病人模拟, 虚拟标准化病人, 医学模拟教育, 虚拟现实, 技术范式, 研究进展

Abstract: Virtual standardized patient (VSP), which result from the advanced integration of artificial intelligence with simulation-based medical education, are catalyzing a shift in medical education towards a data-driven paradigm. This paper provides a systematic analysis of the technological advancements in VSP, highlighting their fundamental distinctions from traditional standardized patients. It further examines the divergent developmental trajectories in technical architecture and functional orientation between China and other countries. Domestically, there is an emphasis on intelligent scoring systems for assessment and evaluation, whereas internationally, the focus is on process-oriented multimodal immersive interaction. VSP presents notable benefits in terms of cost-effectiveness, uniformity in instruction, and adaptability in various scenarios. However, they also encounter practical challenges, such as limitations in replicating non-verbal communication, potential for content distortion, and the lack of standardized evaluation criteria. Future advancements in VSP development should focus on technological integration, progressing from multimodal interactions to physiological closed-loop systems. Additionally, there is a need for standardization to move from disparate practices to a cohesive assessment framework, and for security governance to transition from passive protection measures to proactive management strategies. This study seeks to serve as a foundational reference for the localized development and implementation of VSP, as well as for the advancement of intelligent methodologies in medical education.

Key words: Patient simulation, Virtual standardized patients, Medical simulation education, Virtual reality, Technological paradigms, Research progress

中图分类号:

刘英, 袁晴, 程琳傑, 尹婉宜, 江哲涵. 面向教育场景的虚拟标准化病人技术演进及其应用与展望[J]. 中华医学教育杂志, 2026, 46(5): 331-336.

Liu Ying, Yuan Qing, Cheng Linjie, Yin Wanyi, Jiang Zhehan. Evolution, applications and prospects of virtual standardized patient technology in educational contexts[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education, 2026, 46(5): 331-336.

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