中华医学教育杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 859-864.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210324-00400

• 国外医学与比较医学教育 • 上一篇    

以《弗莱克斯纳报告》为指南的20世纪初期美国医学教育改革及其启示

姚泽麟, 丁晴   

  1. 华东师范大学社会发展学院社会学系,上海 200241
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-24 发布日期:2021-08-31
  • 通讯作者: 姚泽麟, Email: zelinyao@126.com, 电话: 021-54345171
  • 基金资助:
    2018年国家社会科学基金一般项目(18BSH082)

American medical education reformation guided by Flexner Report at the beginning of 20th century and its inspiration

Yao Zelin, Ding Qing   

  1. Department of Sociology, School of Social Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Received:2021-03-24 Published:2021-08-31
  • Contact: Yao Zelin, Email: zelinyao@126.com, Tel: 0086-21-54345171
  • Supported by:
    National Social Science Foundation in 2018(18BSH082)

摘要: 在20世纪以前,美国医学教育模式参差不齐,招生入学缺乏标准,教育过程缺乏品质管控,执照制度长期缺失。1910年《弗莱克斯纳报告》(Flexner Report)的发布引发了美国医学教育的剧烈变革,包括提高入学和学制标准,确立医学院教师的学术身份,配备实验室和教学医院,改变医学院运营的资金来源等。这极大地提高了医学教育的质量,促进了医学的职业化进程,使得医生成为精英职业,但也同时带来了低收入人群较难获得正规医疗服务等问题。我国应当从美国医学教育改革历程中吸取经验,更好地解决医学教育体制学制、资金支持、师资队伍、课程体系等问题,为全民健康提供保障。

关键词: 医生职业化, 美国, 医学教育改革, 弗莱克斯纳报告

Abstract: Before the 20th century, medical education in the United States was quite confusing without entrance standards, lack of quality control in the education process, and standardized license system. Flexner Report released in 1910 started the dramatic changes in medical education in America, including development of standards of entrance and length of schooling, academic accreditation of faculty in medical schools, equipping laboratories and teaching hospitals, and changing fund sources of medical schools. These reforms had greatly improved the quality of medical education, promoted the professionalization of medicine, and turned doctors into an elite profession. However, it had also resulted in some problems, such as the barrier to lower-class people to obtain formal medical services. China should learn from the reformation of medical education in the USA, solve the problems of medical education system, school system, financial support, teaching staff and curriculum system, and provide guarantee for the health of the whole people.

Key words: Professionalization of doctors, USA, Medical education reformation, Flexner Report

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