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A qualitative study on the existing problems about training of new rural doctors in Beijing Pan Zhaolu, Chen Xiaolei, Du Juan, Lu Xiaoqin 2024, 44 (2):  81-84.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230311-00243 Abstract ( 116 )   PDF (771KB) ( 123 )   Objective To identify problems existing in the standardized training of assistant general practitioners for new rural doctors in Beijing, and to inform future improvement in quality of training. Methods From July to August in 2021, 19 new rural doctors and 20 clinical teachers from 3 suburban hospitals in Beijing were selected for focus group discussion by purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data and to generate themes of the interview. Results Problems related to the training of new rural doctors could be summarized into three themes: the training model for knowledge needed to be adjusted, the rotation time of clinical outpatient clinic was inadequate, and the practice of first aid and nursing skills was insufficient. Conclusions The training of new rural doctors should consider adjusting the training methods for knowledge, increasing the rotation time of outpatient clinics, and strengthening the training of first aid and nursing skills. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bibliometric analysis on teaching reform of epidemiology course in China from 1989 to 2022 Bu Ke, Tao Ning 2024, 44 (2):  85-88.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230408-00368 Abstract ( 107 )   PDF (802KB) ( 108 )   Objective Systematic and panoramic comb of relevant literature in the field of epidemiological curriculum teaching reform in China, analyzing and showing the literature distribution and research topics of epidemiological teaching in China since 1989, and provide reference for the cultivation of high-quality medical personnel. Methods Bibliometric software was used for analysis, including the annual publication level, fund support and journal distribution of relevant papers in the field of epidemiology teaching from 1989 to 2022 in China national knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang data knowledge service platform and VIP Chinese science and technology journal database, including the visual analysis of keywords. Results Overall, a total of 525 articles, obtained from 178 journals, were related to the teaching reform of epidemiology. The average number of publications is 1 from 1989 to 2000, 12 from 2001 to 2010, and 31 from 2011 to 2022, respectively. Of the 525 papers, 291(55.4%) were funded, 237(45.1%) reviews and 169(32.2%) effect evaluations. The keywords analysis reflected three research themes, which were mainly included objects, contents and methods in epidemiology. Conclusions The number of papers average published has increased in recent years, but research quality needs to be improved. The teaching reform mainly focuses on improving students′ enthusiasm and cultivating their practical ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and teaching practice of artificial intelligence general course in medical undergraduates Wang Jing, Qi Huiying, Wang Luman, Wang Chen 2024, 44 (2):  89-92.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230322-00300 Abstract ( 188 )   PDF (765KB) ( 205 )   In the era of intelligent healthcare, constructing an artificial intelligence(AI)general course in medical undergraduates, empowering medical education, is helpful in the cultivating composite high-level medical talents and ultimately serving the vision of a healthy China. This article takes the artificial intelligence general course offered by Peking University Health Science Center to undergraduates as an example to explore the design and implementation. 85 students who took the general course of artificial intelligence from 2021 to 2023 were selected as the research subjects.and the teaching effectiveness was evaluated through questionnaire surveys and teacher-student discussions. The results showed that out of 85 students, 83(97.6%) students believed that the course could improve the knowledge structure, 80(94.1%) students recognized the teaching method, 78(91.8%) students believed that the course could stimulate interest in artificial intelligence,and 80(94.1%) students believed that the course would be helpful for future professional learning. It can be seen that offering artificial intelligence general courses during the undergraduate stage has been widely recognized by students, and can provide reference for other medical colleges. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of blended learning program for faculty development in primary care Zhao Xinxin, Wang Hao, Shen Huixia, Li Jin, Liang Xinglun, Wang Ziyue, Zheng Jialin 2024, 44 (2):  93-96.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230223-00169 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (772KB) ( 106 )   Objective This study aimed to explore the application effects of the blended learning program on improving the teaching capacity of general practitioners in community health centers. Methods From August 2020 to September 2021, the McGill-Tongji University blended learning program for general practice was conducted for 22 general practice faculties from Tongji University School of Medicine affiliated community health centers. To evaluate the training effectiveness outcomes, a questionnaire survey, and online quizzes were conducted. Results The results of the online learning showed that, the module with the lowest evaluation score was teacher-student relationship with a score of (8.07±1.39) points. The teaching innovation module had the highest evaluation score which were (9.18 ± 1.00) points. The results of the survey showed that, 21 participants (95.5%) felt that the knowledge and skills gained through this project were relevant to their clinical practice and teaching, while 20 participants (90.9%) felt that the project provided an open learning environment. Sixteen participants (72.7%) reported an improvement in their teaching style. All 22 participants (100.0%) believed that this training helped develop their sense of social responsibility and fostered a more positive attitude towards primary care and health work. Conclusions The faculty of the general practice have improved their teaching abilities through teaching training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A meta-analysis of evaluation of problem-based learning combined with WeChat platform in neurology teaching Shang Ke, Xiao Jun, Deng Gang, Tian Daishi, Qin Chuan 2024, 44 (2):  97-100.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230205-00098 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (772KB) ( 86 )   Objective Systematic evaluation of the teaching effectiveness and satisfaction of WeChat platform combined with problem-based learning(PBL)method in neurology teaching. Methods Retrieve research on the comparison of the effectiveness of WeChat platform combined with PBL method and traditional teaching methods in neurology teaching from CNKI, VIP database, and Wanfang. The search keywords were ″Neurology″ and ″WeChat″ or ″Micro Course″, ″PBL″ and ″Teaching″. The research type was experimental control study, and the search time was from database establishment to July 31, 2022. Used Meta analysis to evaluate teaching effectiveness. Results A total of 17 studies and 934 participants were included. The literature quality score was 4~7 points. The results manifested that WeChat platform combined with PBL method was superior to traditional method on aspects of theoretical knowledge (95% CI=4.27~7.14,P＜0.001), clinical skill (95% CI=3.47~7.53,P＜0.001) and participants satisfaction (95% CI = 1.03~1.60,P=0.030) in neurology teaching. Conclusions WeChat platform combined with PBL method had a good effect and was worthy of further promotion in neurology teaching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of CDIO teaching method on self-learning ability and academic self-efficacy of nursing interns Zhang Teng, Wu Hongxia, Zhao Qian, Li Xin, He Yapeng 2024, 44 (2):  101-104.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230310-00242 Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (777KB) ( 86 )   Objective To explore the impact of conceive-design-implement-operate (CDIO) teaching method for nursing interns in respiratory and critical care medicine on self-learning ability and academic self-efficacy. Methods Using experimental control method, 38 students who interned at Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Department of Shanxi Provincial People′s Hospital from January to June 2022 were selected as the study group, and 38 students who interned from July to December 2021 were selected as the control group. The study group adopted CDIO teaching method for teaching, while the control group adopted the traditional clinical teaching method. After four weeks of internship, the scores of self-learning ability scale, academic self-efficacy scale, and knowledge test and skills examination scores were compared between the two groups. The data was analyzed by t-test and χ2-test. Results The scores of self-learning ability, academic self-efficacy, knowledge test and skills examination in the study group were (116.45±5.82) points, (80.00±6.04) points, (81.97±2.33) points and (92.61±2.32) points, respectively. They were higher than those in the control group (100.05±7.24) points, (69.05±6.58) points, (77.05±1.68) points and (85.03±1.97) points, respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusions CDIO teaching method can effectively improve students′ learning autonomy and enthusiasm, enhance students′ academic self-efficacy and promote students to better master professional knowledge and operational skills. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of scenario simulation exercise based on case learning in the first aid training for malignant hyperthermia Lin Xiaona, Zhang Jing, Zheng Hongcai, Zhou Yang, Guo Xiangyang, Li Zhengqian 2024, 44 (2):  105-108.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230331-00350 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (809KB) ( 110 )   Objective To explore the application effect of case-based learning(CBL) combined with scenario simulation exercise in emergency training for malignant hyperthermia(MH) during anesthesia crisis events. Methods A total of 45 anesthesiologists from Peking University Third Hospital from September 2018 to May 2023 were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using a mixed block randomization method. The experimental group of 15 physicians used CBL combined with scenario simulation exercise, while the control group of 30 physicians used traditional teaching methods. After training, the teaching effectiveness will be evaluated by the proportion of correct answers in two groups of MH related theoretical exams, using t-tests or χ2 tests for comparison between two group; and evaluate the necessity and effectiveness of CBL combined withscenario simulation exercise by conducting a questionnaire survey among the experimental group physicians. Results The proportion of physicians in the experimental group who answered correctly in the aspects of rapid diagnosis of MH and standardized application of the specific drug dantrolene sodium was higher than that of physicians in the control group, with [11/15 to 12(40.0%)] and [10/15 to 9(30.0%)], respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05); The proportion of people who answered correctly in the other four aspects were [7/15 to 15(50.0%)], [6/15 to 10(33.3%)], [11/15 to 15(50.0%)], and [13/15 to 26(86.7)], and the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Among the 15 physicians in the experimental group, all 15 physicians believed that it was necessary to conduct CBL combined withscenario simulation exercise in MH emergency training; 13 physicians believed that the training was very effective. Conclusions CBL combined with scenario simulation exercise in MH emergency training is helpful for anesthesiologists to quickly diagnose MH and standardize the application of the specific drug dantrolene sodium, and has been unanimously recognized by physicians. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey on the current situation and demand for the application of auscultation technology among clinical doctors in China Wang Zihe, Liu Guoliang, Lu Qingjun, Zhang Yunjian, Mu Xinlin, Liu Qiangui, Shi Juhong 2024, 44 (2):  109-112.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230406-00362 Abstract ( 49 )   PDF (775KB) ( 34 )   Objective To understand the current situation and training needs of auscultation technique among clinicians in China, and to inform future clinical auscultation technology education and training. Methods From February 1, 2021 to February 1, 2023, a total of 12 000 clinicians from 257 medical institutions in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities across the country were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire survey was conducted to understand the current status of auscultation technology application and training needs, and descriptive statistics and chi square tests were used for statistical processing. Results Among the 12 000 doctors who participated in the survey, 8 951(74.6%) physicians used stethoscopes in outpatient settings, 8 473(70.6%) physicians frequently(>5 times a week) used stethoscopes, 10 780(89.8%) physicians commonly used the lungs as the site of auscultation, and 8 284(69.0%) physicians primarily learned auscultation techniques through clinical self-learning. In addition, 3 918(32.7%) physicians believed that they were proficient in auscultation techniques, 11 390(94.9%) physicians believed that stethoscopes were important, 10 888(90.7%) physicians believed that training in stethoscopes was necessary. Conclusions Clinicians often use auscultation techniques, but have a low self-evaluation of auscultation techniques and a high demand for training. It is recommended to widely carry out standardized auscultation training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A qualitative study on the role of interdisciplinary research in the joint training of medical postgraduates from the perspective of teachers and students Chen Lian, Zhu Xiu, Shi Huifeng, Yang Min, Wang Xiaoli, Huo Gang, Wei Yuan, Yuan Pengbo 2024, 44 (2):  113-117.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230320-00285 Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (821KB) ( 65 )   Objective To investigate the role of interdisciplinary research projects in the joint training of medical graduate students, and to inform the effective cultivation of top-notch innovative medical talents. Methods A qualitative research method was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from April to August 2021 with 2 graduate teaching managers, 6 graduate tutors, and 8 graduate students Peking University Health Science Center using a purposive sampling method. The interview data was analyzed using a content analysis method. Results Four themes were extracted. Firstly, interdisciplinary research projects were of great significance to the training of medical graduate students. Secondly, joint training of graduate students based on interdisciplinary research projects was affected by factors such as the intrinsic needs of both parties and suitable collaborations. Thirdly, students faced problems such as unreasonable curriculum settings, lack of communication platforms, and unclear attribution of achievements. Lastly, suggestions for the future joint training of interdisciplinary talents included customizing the curriculum, providing various forms of communication platforms, and reforming the existing achievement recognition model. Conclusions Joint training of postgraduate students through interdisciplinary scientific research projects can enhance their overall quality and foster diverse, highly innovative medical talents. The successful implementation of interdisciplinary research projects requires a strong demand for such initiatives, and lasting cooperation hinges on recognizing the value they bring. To further promote the cultivation of interdisciplinary talents, it is recommended to strengthen the construction of an interdisciplinary curriculum system, tailor the curriculum to students′ needs, provide researchers with various communication platforms, and offer policy support for interdisciplinary research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bibliometric analysis of Chinese academic dissertations in medical machine learning Wang Bin, Fan Zijuan, Zhu Yuanyuan 2024, 44 (2):  118-122.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230319-00279 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (1827KB) ( 60 )   Objective To find and analyze the research trends and future research directions of academic dissertations of medical machine learning in China. Methods All academic dissertations on medical machine learning published in full text in Chinese were obtained by searching the CNKI and Wanfang database. The retrieval period was from the establishment of the database to February 14, 2023. The search keywords included ″medicine″ and ″machine learning″. Microsoft Excel 2016 software was used to organize data from retrieved records, including the year of thesis inclusion, institution of degree, supervisor and cited frequency. VOS viewer software was used to visualize and analyze the high-frequency keywords. Results A total of 2 662 academic dissertations in the field of machine learning were retrieved from 299 universities. The combined number of dissertations from the top 10 universities accounted for 29.9%(797/2 662) of all the dissertations. There were 2 533 academic dissertation supervisors, and the citation frequency of the dissertations ranged from 0 to 204 times. However, 46.2%(1 229/2 662) of the published dissertations had never been cited. The research topics of the dissertations mainly included assisted diagnosis in medical imaging, extraction of electronic medical record texts, optimization of medical image segmentation algorithms, and efficient and accurate utilization of multimodal models. Conclusions There is a relatively large number of machine learning-related dissertations in the field of medicine, as well as a significant number of institutions and supervisors. However, the quality of the dissertations needs improvement, and the research hotspots are relatively concentrated in the area of medical assisted diagnosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effectiveness of digital dynamic occlusion model in teaching mandibular movements in oral physiology Kang Yanfeng, Xu Xiaoxiang, Ding Qian, Zhao Xu, Cao Ye 2024, 44 (2):  123-126.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230517-00508 Abstract ( 50 )   PDF (774KB) ( 44 )   Objective To explore the effectiveness of digital dynamic occlusion models in teaching mandibular movements in oral physiology. Methods From November 2021 to December 2022, 83 undergraduate students majoring in oral medicine from the 2018 and 2019 eight year programs of Peking University School of Medicine who interned at Peking University Stomatological Hospital were selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using envelope method. 43 students in the experimental group were taught using a digital dynamic occlusion model, while 40 students in the control group were taught using traditional methods. The teaching effectiveness was evaluated through in class assessment and visual analog scale (VAS). T-test or χ2 test was used to compare the differences of teaching effectiveness between the two groups. Results The examination scores of experimental group (6.79±0.51) was higher than control group (5.00±1.20), and there was statistical difference (t=8.73, P<0.001). The VAS scores of the experimental group of teaching content mastery was (8.26±1.33), interactive effect was (9.44±0.96), and teaching satisfaction was (9.70±0.51), were higher than the control group(6.73±1.66),(7.20±1.49) and (8.50±1.63),and there were statistical differences( all P<0.001). Conclusions The digital dynamic occlusal model helps students better grasp the theories and practices related to oral physiology and mandibular movement, and is widely recognized by students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of patient-specific 3D-printing model in standardized residency training in musculoskeletal tumor department Wang Jun, Zang Jie, Guo Wei, Tang Xiaodong 2024, 44 (2):  127-130.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230722-00024 Abstract ( 50 )   PDF (770KB) ( 49 )   Objective To investigate the effect of patient-specific 3D-printing model which is combined with traditional teaching method in standardized residency training in musculoskeletal tumor department. Methods From January 2021 to December 2022, forty-two residents at Musculoskeletal Tumor Center of PKUPH were enrolled and randomly divided into two group, 3D printing model assisted traditional teaching group (test group, n=21) and traditional teaching group (control group, n=21). After 1-month standardized residency training, graduation examination and teaching satisfaction survey were carried out. Using independent sample t-test to analyze relevant data. Results The admission exam scores and teaching satisfaction scores of the resident physicians in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [(92.8±2.9) vs. (85.0±4.9), (95.4±3.6) vs.(90.0±3.6)], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.001). Conclusions Compared with the traditional teaching method, 3D printing model assisted teaching significantly helps to improve teaching quality and residents' satisfaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis on current training status based on satisfaction of standardized residency training Yang Ying, Li Ye, Wang Ruoning, Wang Xiang, Jiang Hui 2024, 44 (2):  131-135.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230824-00167 Abstract ( 103 )   PDF (820KB) ( 65 )   Objective To investigate the training status and satisfaction of residents in affiliated hospitals and teaching hospitals of Peking University, identify the problems in standardized training for residents, and propose improvement suggestions. Methods This study used a self-designed electronic questionnaire to investigate the training satisfaction and its influencing factors of residents and professional master′s students in affiliated hospitals and teaching hospitals of Peking University in July 2023. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, logistic regression, and linear regression were used to analyze the training satisfaction and its influencing factors. Results A total of 467 valid questionnaires were collected as a result.The overall satisfaction rate of residents was 74.5%(348/467). The lowest satisfaction was observed with salary [48.6%(227/467)], benefits [56.3%(263/467)], and training intensity [67.5%(315/467)]. The satisfaction level of professional master's students was lower than that of general residents [(3.50±1.16) points vs. (4.13±0.81) points, P<0.001]. About two-thirds of residents work more than 50 hours per week. The overall satisfaction is influenced by factors such as training management, training intensity, satisfaction with training guidance, and whether the training content was suitable for clinical needs(β were 0.435, 0.311, 0.157, and 0.094, all P<0.001) . Conclusions The overall satisfaction of the residents in Peking University is acceptable, and the clinical work intensity and pressure are high. It is necessary to further strengthen training management and guidance, and optimize salary and training intensity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of teaching activity specification manual for residency training Zhu Yaqin, Ding Min, Kang Baoli, Sun Xiaoliang, Luo Xi, Zhuang Huiren, Chen Chi 2024, 44 (2):  136-140.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230215-00141 Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (1037KB) ( 45 )   Objective Exploring the effectiveness of the teaching activity specification manual for residency training (hereinafter referred to as ″the Manual″) in residency training. Methods Using a non-simultaneous control method, 196 resident trainees from Shanghai Oriental Hospital in 2020 and 2021 were selected as the research subjects, 95 trainees of the 2021 session were selected as the study group to carry out teaching activities in accordance with the Manual, while 101 trainees of the 2020 session were selected as the control group to adopt a traditional residency training program to arrange teaching activities. Differences between the two groups of trainees in the evaluation of teaching activities, completion of teaching activities and pass rates of teaching activities were compared. Statistical methods such as t-test and χ2 test were used to process the data. Results Compared to the control group, participants in the study group rated the mini-lecture better [(99.06±2.85) points vs. (97.88±4.23) points], the completion and pass rates of difficult case discussions were higher [98.8% (497/503) vs. 97.1% (602/620), 98.4% (495/503) vs. 89.8% (557/620)], and teaching supervisors rated the teaching activities of the study group higher [mini-lecture ratings (95.89±1.10) points vs. (89.43±2.33)] points], all P<0.05. Conclusions The Manual improves the teaching management system of standardized residency training, optimizes the process, and contributes to the improvement of teaching effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and practice on the construction of dermatology residency training course based on entrustable professional activities Sun Jian, Li Linna, Tian Xue, Fu Yuping, Li Jun, Gao Hang 2024, 44 (2):  141-146.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230204-00094 Abstract ( 74 )   PDF (834KB) ( 61 )   Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) translate abstract clinical competency assessment into entrustment decisions in clinical practice and promote the development and implementation of competency-based medical education (CBME). In order to fill the gap between abstract and complex clinical competency assessment and real clinical practice, emphasize the characteristics of dermatology learning, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University began exploring the construction of dermatology residency training courses based on EPAs in 2021. This study discussed the application of dermatology courses from curriculum design, practical teaching, quality standard construction, and evaluation. The evaluation results showed that among the 55 residents who participated in dermatology residency training, 54 (98.2%) expressed satisfaction with the course, and 49 (89.1%) believed that the courses could improve their clinical skills. The dermatology residency training courses based on EPAs could enhance the effectiveness of residency training and enhance the competence of residents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the construction and application of the question bank of clinical practice competence for the final examination of standardized residency training in Zhejiang Province Jiang Ling, Wang Lei, Yu Meiying, Sun Yan, Zhang Yang, He Yanna 2024, 44 (2):  147-150.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230410-00373 Abstract ( 59 )   PDF (799KB) ( 46 )   Under the background of digital China and ″Internet+″, the question bank of clinical competence for the final assessment of standardized residency training of great theoretical and practical significance, as it facilitates the management of expert input and test paper more scientific and efficient by means of digitization. On the basis of previous research, this paper, starting from the current situation, policy and practical needs of the final assessment of standardized residency training, introduced in detail the design and construction of the clinical competence question bank, comprehensively described the application and effect evaluation of the clinical competence question bank after its completion, and discussed the quality of the test questions, the security and confidentiality, and the application scenario, and explored the options and suggestions for optimizing and improving the question bank for the clinical competence. Optimization and improvement proposals were discussed in terms of test question quality, security and confidentiality, and application scenarios. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The investigation and analysis of examiners′ homogeneity in clinical skill examination of standardized resident training Huang Xitai, Zhang Kunsong, Feng Shaoting, Huang Chensong, Yin Xiaoyu, Lai Jiaming, Chen Liuhua 2024, 44 (2):  151-154.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230210-00118 Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (773KB) ( 60 )   Objective This study aimed to conduct a preliminary investigation and explore methods to improve the homogeneity of examiners in clinical skill examination of standardized resident training. Methods In July 2021, the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was used to analyze the consistency of examiner scorings for history taking and physical examination, clinical thinking, and skills in the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) of 105 residents at Sun Yat-sen University. A subgroup of 44 examiners received training on detailed interpretation of the rules and key criteria of scoring, and the consistency of examiner scorings was assessed before and after the training. Results Of the 63 examination items, 3 items (4.8%) had a CCC>0.7, 31 items (49.2%) had a CCC of 0.3-0.7, and 29 items (46.0%) had a CCC<0.3. Among the 17 items in clinical thinking station, 14 items had a CCC≥0.3. For the 25 items of history taking of the same candidate, the number of items with consistent examiner scores ≥80.0% (35/44) increased from 8 (32.0%) to 19 (76.0%) after intensive training. Conclusions The homogeneity of examiners in clinical skill examination of standardized resident training needs to be improved. The homogeneity of the examiners can be improved through implementing training, such as detailed interpretation of the rules and key criteria of scoring. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the number distribution and regional differences of medical colleges and students in the United States Lin Huangtao, Li Yuexin, Jia Jinzhong, Yan Qi, Lei Xiaohua, Zhu Rui, Wen Mingyue, Zhu Quanrong, Xu Ming 2024, 44 (2):  155-160.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230306-00221 Abstract ( 78 )   PDF (844KB) ( 72 )   Objective To understand the distribution of the number of medical colleges and medical students in the United States, to analyze the main sources of the regional distribution differences and explore the reasons. Methods Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the regional distribution of the number of medical colleges and medical students in the United States by using the data of the monitoring report of the Association of American Medical Colleges in 2020. And Theil index was applied to analyze the sources of regional distribution differences. Results By 2020, there were 155 medical colleges and universities in the United States, including 42(27.1%) in the northeast, 35(22.6%) in the central, 55(35.5%) in the south and 23(14.8%) in the west. Among them, 35(22.6%) were running schools in state capital cities, 105(67.7%) in county-level cities, and 15(9.7%) in towns and townships. There are 128(82.6%) universities and 27(17.4%) independent medical colleges. From 2011 to 2020, the total number of admissions rose from 19 000 to 22 000, and the admission ratio rose from 2.3 to 2.4. In 2020, the number of medical students enrolled in the United States, both within the state and from outside, along with the number of students currently enrolled, were 13 430, 8 657, and 94 243 respectively. The contribution rates of the number of medical colleges, enrollment, and number of enrolled students to the Theil index are 54.9%, 18.9%, and 77.6% within the region, and 45.1%, 81.1%, and 22.4% between regions, respectively. Conclusions The distribution of medical colleges and universities in the United States is not balanced. The number of medical students is increasing, but the overall scale is still small, with more medical students enrolled within the state. The regional distribution differences in the number of medical colleges and enrollment mainly come from within the regions, while the distribution differences in the number of enrolled students mainly come from between regions. References | Related Articles | Metrics