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01 August 2021, Volume 41 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Thinking on accelerating the training of Chinese medicine health service talents from the perspective of healthy China Wen Xiang Xu Guihua 2021, 41 (8):  673-676.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201209-01691 Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (828KB) ( 88 )   Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) health service can be divided into three categories: medical treatment, health management and health promotion. The current TCM training system does not match the needs of the development of TCM health service industry. Especially as the undergraduate major, TCM education fails to meet the occupational requirement of health service industry; the general medical education system is not well linked to TCM health service policy in China and there is no standardized entrance system for TCM health service occupation. Therefore, it is necessary to reshape the talent training of TCM health service, to optimize the current system and structure of TCM health service personnel,to strengthen a general education based on integration of TCM and to establish an occupational threshold of TCM health service. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents in colleges and universities of Chinese medicine Xie Shuming, Zheng Yixin, Yan Meiyan 2021, 41 (8):  677-681.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210122-00106 Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (817KB) ( 121 )   The cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents in colleges and universities of Chinese medicine has a positive effect and far-reaching significance to promot the reformation of comprehensive education and the development of Chinese medicine. The article introduces the current state of innovative and entrepreneurial talents training in colleges and universities of Chinese medicine and presents challenges in the innovation and entrepreneurship education reformation, including concept misunderstanding, low quality of innovation and entrepreneurship teaching resources, insufficient faculty resources, contradiction between supply and demand in innovation and entrepreneurship education reformation. To tackle these challenges, it is proposed that the innovation and entrepreneurship education should be implemented jointly on both supply side and the demand side to optimize the education concept, curriculum resources, faculty and achievement transformation platform for the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents, and pay attention to the value identification and professional knowledge of students. It is recommended to strengthen education and guidance of innovative consciousness and entrepreneurial support aiming at better cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents in in colleges and universities of Chinese medicine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis of general practice training in medical colleges and universities Jiang Nan, Qi Dianjun, Yu Xiaosong 2021, 41 (8):  682-685.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210108-00038 Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (833KB) ( 68 )   Objective To investigate the current situation of general practice training of China's medical colleges and universities, so as to provide references for promoting the professional development of general practitioners and introducing relevant policies in China. Methods From December 2019 to June 2020, a questionnaire was conducted in 189 colleges and universities. The questionnaire was formulated by Guiding Committee of Medical Humanistic Quality and General Practice Teaching in Colleges and Universities of the Ministry of Education. Results were analyzed by Descriptive Statistical Analysis. Results A total of 175 valid questionnaires were collected. It was found that 59.4% (104/175) of colleges and universities have the program of general practice training, 40.6% (71/175) of colleges and universities did not carry out general practice training. The highest proportion of colleges and universities carried out general practice training was in Northeast China [70.6% (12/17)] and the lowest proportion was found in the North [46.9% (15/32)]. Results also showed that 49.5% (45/91) of colleges and universities only implement traditional teaching methods, while 42.9% (39/91) of colleges and universities only evaluate learning outcomes by theoretical test. Conclusions The coverage of general practice training in medical colleges and universities is relatively low with less schools setting up the program. The teaching and assessment methods are still traditional ones, and the development of general practice training is characterized by uneven levels in different regions. Therefore, China should encourage more medical colleges and universities to carry out general practice training programs and enrich the forms and contents of training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Demand analysis on the teaching ability of medical university teachers on the courses for ideological and political education of the School of Public Health of Peking University Yan Lei, Zhan Siyan, Wang Tao, Yang Jian, Wang Shengfeng, Hao Weidong 2021, 41 (8):  686-690.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210406-00453 Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (816KB) ( 131 )   Objective To investigate the teaching situation of ideological and political education courses and to identify necessary teaching skill, and the pathway of improvement. Methods One hundred and fifty teachers from the School of Public Health, Peking University were selected as the objects from May 2019. Through questionnaire survey and individual interviews to understand the teaching situation, learning environment and the needs for training. Results It is found that 88.0%(132/150)teachers had already integrated ideological and political content with their professional courses and 94.0%(141/150)of them believe that the courses are necessary. The results of interview showed that the improvement of teachers' teaching skill was related to strategy and methods of training and their policy incentives. Conclusions Most of the teachers teach ideological and political courses. There were needs of training to the improvement of the teaching capacity. It is necessary to improve the current training systems and programs and to strengthen incentive mechanisms. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The development of medical English translation textbooks in China over the last two decades Cheng Jing 2021, 41 (8):  691-694.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201229-01777 Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (794KB) ( 71 )   At present many medical schools offer medical English translation courses for students. Many types of medical English translation textbooks have been published in China in the past two decades. However, little research has been done on those books. By reviewing 39 medical English translation textbooks published in China from 2000 to 2020, some problems have been found: few innovative pedagogical approaches have been adopted, book contents cannot meet the needs of different readers, little attention has been paid to the construction of systematic medical translation theory, and some indispensable ancillary instructional materials are not available. To improve the quality of medical translation textbooks, the recommendations are as follows:The book compilers should incorporate cutting edge research into book compiling, study the needs of the readers, attach importance to the construction of medical translation theory, and the teaching materials in the textbook should be more comprehensive. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of seminar teaching method in oncology education Lu Yajie, Kong Shengnan, Zhang Hongmei 2021, 41 (8):  695-698.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201009-01437 Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (800KB) ( 116 )   Objective To evaluate the effect of seminar teaching model in oncology education. Methods The CNKI,VIP and Wanfang databases were searched and the literature about seminar teaching model applied in oncology education was reviewed. After quality evaluation, literature data of learning outcomes of seminar teaching method was collected followed by meta-analysis. Results Seven literatures that met the standard were included. The results of meta-analysis show that: (1)The teaching method of seminar is superior to traditional teaching method in terms of the overall assessment score (SMD=1.21, 95%CI=0.47~1.96, P<0.01), theoretical assessment score (SMD=0.96, 95%CI=0.47~1.45, P<0.01) and clinical skill assessment score (SMD=1.60, 95%CI=1.07~2.14, P<0.01);(2)Seminar teaching method can obtain higher student satisfaction (RR=1.35, 95%CI=1.16~1.57, P<0.01); (3)With the seminar teaching method, students' learning interest can be stimulated more than that of traditional teaching method (RR=1.53, 95%CI=1.18~1.98, P<0.01).Conclusions Seminar teaching method is more effective than traditional one in oncology education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of SPARK mode in the training of non-medical imaging residents at department of radiology Xia Qianqian, Zhu Jiying, Zhu Xiangwen, Ding Zhongxiang, Han Zhijiang 2021, 41 (8):  699-702.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210201-00148 Abstract ( 162 )   PDF (801KB) ( 149 )   Objective In order to improve the training outcomes of one-month rotation for non-medical imaging residents in the department of radiology, a new five-in-one training mode was constructed and the results were analyzed. Methods Sixty-eight non-medical imaging residents who accepted training in Department of Radiology of Hangzhou First People's Hospital from June 2020 to October 2020 were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups with 32 in the experimental group implementing SPARK mode and 36 in the control group with traditional training during one month of rotation. At the mid-term and the end of rotation, the two groups of residents were assessed quantitatively to compare the training outcomes of the two training pathways. Results The scores of mid-term assessment of experiment group and control group were both [8(7, 9)], Z=-0.039, P=0.969. The scores of rotation end assessment of experiment group and control group were [70(64, 74)] and [60(57, 67)] respectively, Z=-2.626, P<0.01. Conclusions The SPARK training mode effectively helps non-medical imaging residents to learn radiology knowledge in a targeted and systematic manner, and improves their reading skills. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of simulation teaching method in prenatal ultrasound skills training for residents Li Linlu, Tang Xiaohong, Zhao Yongfeng, Zhou Ping 2021, 41 (8):  703-707.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210119-00088 Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (821KB) ( 85 )   Objective To explore the application effect of simulation teaching method in prenatal ultrasound skills training for residents. Methods A randomized controlled trial design method was used in this study. From September 2019 to November 2019, 22 residents who studied in the ultrasound department of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were recruited and they were randomized divided into experimental group and control group with 11 in each. The experimental group residents were trained with simulation teaching method, while the control group residents were trained with volunteer pregnant woman method. Before and after the training, both groups were examined by prenatal ultrasound skills assessment. After the completion of the assessment, the experimental group residents were conducted a questionnaire survey. Results The improvement of the test scores of the experimental group residents was greater than that of the control group [(23.35±9.11) vs. (9.90±8.42), t=3.597, P<0.01]. The questionnaire survey results showed that 10 or more residents in experimental group thought thatthe images of obstetric ultrasound simulator were clearly displayed, the simulation teaching method could help form a standardized examination sequence and help to improve the clinical examination capabilities. Conclusions Simulation teaching method is helpful to improve residents' prenatal ultrasound skills. The overall feedback from residents to this training mode is good. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of a blended mode in the teaching of biochemistry and molecular biology Cao Yanfei, Wu Cuiling, Li Xueqing, Su Jiao, Pei Jinhong 2021, 41 (8):  708-711.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201130-01650 Abstract ( 154 )   PDF (797KB) ( 167 )   Blended teaching mode which combines traditional classroom teaching with digital network technology has been widely used in the teaching of medical courses in recent years. The study on application of blended teaching mode in biochemistry and molecular biology was carried out among undergraduates of five-year clinical medicine program enrolled in 2019 at Changzhi Medical College. The teaching effect was evaluated by the process of students' online learning of micro-lesson video and homework,test score and results of questionnaire survey. The results showed that more than 95.3%(244/256)of the students had completed online micro-lesson videos' watching, more than 89.8%(230/256)of the students submitted their chapter assignments with a high average score(>91.7 points). The three parts of the course were tested, including the structure and function of biomolecules,substance metabolism and genetic information transmission, the average score of each test was >90.0 points, and 91.4%(234/256)of the students believed that classroom teaching was very effective in course learning; Results also showed that 82.0%(210/256)believed that online and offline interaction between teachers and students as well as classroom discussion helped to master the learning content, and as 84.4%(216/256)of the students thought that completing the chapter assignments and part tests online would help their learning. Blended teaching improves students' learning outcomes and students' participation is more active, which has been recognized by students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the teaching effect of pre-job training combined with analysis of nosocomial infection outbreak case Chen Hong, Chen Xiaojun, Wang Yunyun, Wang Yueguo, Xu Xiaoyun, Zhou Qing 2021, 41 (8):  712-715.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210312-00334 Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (803KB) ( 51 )   Objective Exploring the teaching effect of pre-job training of internship students focusing on control and prevention of nosocomial infection combined with case analysis and trainees' satisfaction with this case-based training. Methods This study uses the experimental control method. Totally 282 medical students who participated in the clinical internship from April 2020 to June 2020 in Nantong University Affiliated Hospital were recruited as research objects. They were randomly divided into experiment group and control group with 141 in each. In the experimental group, traditional teaching was combined with analysis of hospital infection outbreak cases, while in the control group the traditional teaching was implemented without case analysis. The two groups were compared on knowledge of hospital infection prevention and control and trainees' satisfaction with teaching methods. SPSS 23.0 was used for data statistics and the comparison between the two groups was performed by t test andχ2 test. Results The scores of the theoretical knowledge about nosocomial infection prevention and control and the seven-step hand-washing skill in experiment group were (93.3±4.4) and (92.4±5.3) respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group [(86.1±4.8) and (83.8±6.0) respectively)] (all P＜0.01).The degree of satisfaction (very satisfied or satisfied) of students in the experimental group [52.5%(74/141)] was significantly higher than that in the control group [19.1%(27/141)] (P＜0.01). Conclusions The effect of this case-based pre-job training and trainees' satisfaction with it are superior to traditional teaching methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the diversity of practice operation of relevant specialties of undergraduates in a comprehensive dental teaching clinic Peng Li, An Na, Jiang Yong , Guo Chuanbin, Li Tiejun , Dong Meili 2021, 41 (8):  716-719.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201225-01764 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (806KB) ( 57 )   Objective To investigate the clinical practice of undergraduates from the program of cariology and endo-dontology, peri-odontology specialty and pediatric dentistry in a dental comprehensive teaching clinic of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, to analyze the training outcomes, and provide reference to clinical practice teaching. Methods From August 2019 to June 2020, a total of 374 fifth-year undergraduates of who participated in clinical practice in the dental comprehensive teaching clinic in 8 grades of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were selected as the research objects. Based on the records of practice manuals, the clinical practice volume of cariology and endodontology, periodontology, and pediatric dentistry specialties in the dental comprehensive teaching clinic were evaluated. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of cases managed by the students of different majors. Results The total number of clinical practice operations in 8 grades was 30 998. Among them, the main types of clinical practice operations for cariology and endodontology, periodontology and pediatric dentistry specialties were resin restoration [84.5%(9 663 / 11 431.5)], scaling and root planning [66.3%(6 143.5 / 9 262)], filling treatment [69.1%(7 116 / 10 304.5)] respectively. Conclusions The operation types of the three majors were complete and the patients were sufficient to meet the requirements of general practice in the comprehensive teaching clinic. Multi- form of training should be implemented to fill the gap of different kinds of operation quantity in different specialties during the internship. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of process list teaching method for IV catheter system practice by nursing students Dong Xiaolan, Su Haoqing, Wu Haitong, Li Jing 2021, 41 (8):  720-724.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201111-01561 Abstract ( 57 )   PDF (846KB) ( 54 )   Objective To explore the application effect of a self-designed checklist teaching method for IV catheter system practice among nursing students during internship. Methods A total of 52 students (nursing undergraduate students of 2013 and 2014) who practiced in the otolaryngology ward of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2016 to June 2017 were selected as the research objects. The students were randomly divided into two groups with 25 in the experimental group and 27 in the control group. The experimental group adopted the self-designed checklist teaching method for IV catheter system practice, while the control group adopted the traditional teaching method. A self-designed rating scale for IV practice was conducted to evaluate the students' practical skill, a self-designed questionnaire was conducted to evaluate the effect of checklist teaching method. Results The mean scores of IV practice was [44(39,46)] in the experimental group and [40(34,43.5)] in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=2.062, P＜0.05). The score of effect evaluation for the checklist teaching method by students from experiment group was 8.76, and 72.0%(18/25) students believed that it was very helpful to be trained with this method during second week of internship. Conclusions Checklist teaching method for IV catheter system practice can effectively enhance the scores of students, which strengthens the students' capacity based on well understanding operation process and strictly following regulations concerned, and thus improves trainees' clinical skills and ensures teaching quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The development of hospice nurses training system based on the competency improvement needs Ma Lili, Guo Qiaohong, Xi Lanxin, Chen Zhiqian 2021, 41 (8):  725-728.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201221-01745 Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (803KB) ( 54 )   Objective To explore the current situation of hospice nurse training system and propose recommendations for improvement for nurses' capacity improvement. Methods This is a descriptive qualitative study. Face to face semi-structured interviews were performed with 13 hospice nurses working on hospice care ward from four teaching hospitals in Beijing, China. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Three weaknesses in the existing training system were identified: lack of hierarchy in training system, lack of specialty in training content, and disconnection between training contents and clinical needs. Future training was suggested to focus on death education for the public, psycho-social-spiritual care for patients and their families, conversation on death and dying, family support, and stress management and self-care among nurses. The recommended instructional methods included online and offline training, learner-centered methods such as simulation, experiential teaching, case analysis and group discussion. Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen the skill training of death education, humanistic and self-regulation. The training mode should be strengthened by online and offline teaching, adopt more learner-centered teaching methods such as scenario simulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of dissertation self-examination items by medical postgraduates Yuan Wenqing, Zhang Aijing, Huo Gang, Tao Liyuan, Gu Shixian 2021, 41 (8):  729-733.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210326-00413 Abstract ( 67 )   PDF (845KB) ( 54 )   Objective To create the dissertation self-examination items used by medical graduates, and to lay the foundation for dissertation quality assurance system. Methods The dissertation items for self-examination were put forward by brain storming and panel discussions. Fifteen senior experts were invited to join the project according to the topics of dissertation examination. Delphi method was utilized. Results Two rounds of inquiries and two rounds of expert consultation were conducted. All the 15 questionnaires in the first round were collected, and 14 questionnaires in the second round were collected. The degree of expert authority was over 0.9. Fifty-three items of self-examination of medical dissertations were accepted. Conclusions The experts of self-examination of dissertation had high authority and were interested in this topic. The selected self-examination items have certain effectiveness and practicability, which provides a basis for the construction of dissertation quality assurance system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Introduction to a pilot project of national continuing medical education base Ma Zhen, Wang Xiongguo, Hu Wei, Zhu Binhai, Tong Chi, Zhang Yanwen, Bi Xiaoming, Jiang Hui 2021, 41 (8):  734-738.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210325-00402 Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (811KB) ( 53 )   Based on the strengthens of advanced disciplines and faculty resources, the national continuing medical education (CME) base as an key component of nation-wide medical continuing education system has played an important role. This paper reviews the establishment and development of the pilot project of national CME base in China in the aspects of the system construction and accreditation of national CME base, and then introduces the development of the national CME base filing project as an important form of CME activities. Finally, the results of national CME base evaluation are analyzed and suggestions are put forward to improve the performance of national CME base. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The exploration and practice of continuing education model reform for high-level clinician majoring in Chinese traditional medicine Xing Man, Chen Hongzhuan, Hu Hongyi, Shu Jing, Jin Yong, Liu Hongju, Wang Xueqi, Zhang Hao, He Wenzhong 2021, 41 (8):  739-743.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210127-00132 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (848KB) ( 51 )   High-level traditional Chinese medicine talents are the main force to the revitalization and development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). How to establish a scientific and effective continuing education mode for the high-level TCM talents, exploring an appropriate training mechanism, becomes a major challenge that needs to tackle. Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine did a series of researches on the training model, curriculum system, platform construction and teaching team building, promoted the reformation and practice training in accordance with the growth law of high-level Chinese medicine talents, strengthen the growth factors and optimized the training mode of Chinese Medicine Talents, explored the continuing education system for high-level TCM talents-elite college, which provides the practical basis and theoretical support to the education of high-level TCM talents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of self-evaluation on the position competency of residents Zeng Qingqi, Wang Jianliu, Liu Jing, Gao Shuchun, Cui Yue, Gao Jie 2021, 41 (8):  744-748.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210127-00128 Abstract ( 156 )   PDF (854KB) ( 155 )   Objective To analyze the results of self-evaluation on the position competency of residents in aresident training institution and to provide reference for improving the quality of training. Methods In October 2020,three hundred and thirty-five residents were organized to conduct an on-line self-evaluation questionnaire for their position competency, which covered physician professionalism, teaching and research, team spirit, communication, medical knowledge and lifelong learning attitude, information and management, disease control and health promotion and patient care. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the total score and each dimension score between different groups, and the Bonferroni ranking sum test was used to compare scores. Results The position competence score was 141.0 (28.0), among which the scores of physician professionalism and team spirit were the highest, both of which were 15.0 (2.0) (the full score was 15). The scores of teaching and research, disease control and health promotion were as low as 17.0 (4.0) and 13.0 (3.0) respectively (the full score was 20 and 15). The position competency scores [145.5 (21.8) vs. 133.5 (31.0)] and the other 7 dimensions scores of the third-year residents except physician professionalism [such as teaching and research: 19.0 (4.0) vs. 16.0(5.0)] were higher than first-year residents ( P＜0.05). The position competency scores [142.0 (27.0), 143.5 (24.5.0), 136.0 (26.5)] of the residents who have higher degree were better than those with bachelor degree only[130.0(37.5)](all P<0.05). Conclusions Resident training program improves the position competency of residents in many aspects. Residents with graduate education experience have a higher level of position competency as compared to those with only undergraduate education background. But the development of residents' position competence in different dimensions is not balanced. More attention should be paid to improve the capacity of teaching, scientific research, disease control and health promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of non-professional clinical competency framework for residents Jiang Yu, Xia Jie, Chen Xinhang, Zang Yue, Li Weishi, Gu Shixian, Wang Heng, Li Nan, Tian Hua 2021, 41 (8):  749-753.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210104-00006 Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (859KB) ( 96 )   Objective To construct a framework of non-professional competency residents in China. Methods The questionnaire of expert consultation was designed through literature retrieve, content analysis and interview. Then, Delphi method and precedence chart method were used to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultation to 19 experts to evaluate the concept and connotation of non-professional clinical competency of residents, as well as the composition, definition and weight of each dimension. Results The recovery of questionnaires of 2 rounds was 95.0%(19/20)and 100.0%(19/19)respectively,the expert authority coefficient was 0.89,and the expert opinion was unanimous after Kendall's W test. The competency framework was finally constructed based on experts' opinions and discussion concerned, which included six dimensions, namely humanistic care, communication, teamwork, critical thinking, self-directed learning and information collection. Conclusions The concept and connotation of the framework were well identified. The competency framework included six dimensions, each dimension was clearly described and easy to operate, so it can be used for development of assessment tool for non-professional clinical competency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Post-graduate education of dermatopathologist in the United States and it's enlightenment Su Jing, Liu Jianying 2021, 41 (8):  754-757.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200817-01220 Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (829KB) ( 60 )   Dermatopathology is an important branch of pathology andit's of great significance to improve the teaching quality in post-graduate education of dermatopathologist. The post-graduate dermatopathologist education in American has developed over the years characterized by clear goals, multiple teaching methods and specific evaluation tools and thus constructed a set of scientific, standardized and efficient dermatopathology training system. This article introduces the model of post-graduate education for dermatopathologist in the United States, and provide a valuable reference to the development of post-graduate dermatopathologist education as an independent component of pathologist training in China. It is suggested to expand the content of dermatopathology in the pathology resident training program, and increase the weight of importance of dermatopathology in the capacity assessment of pathology resident and integrate traditional teaching slides with digital slides during training. It is important to facilitate cooperation between dermatologists and pathologists in the field of residents’ training by academic organizations too. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current situation and enlightenment of global medical education accreditation Tang Weiping, Li Chong, Chen Guodong 2021, 41 (8):  758-762.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201023-01509 Abstract ( 128 )   PDF (828KB) ( 109 )   Medical education accreditation plays an important role in ensuring and improving the quality of medical education. WFME, United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, and South Korea have established a relatively perfect medical education accreditation system. Reviewing the establishment and development of those education accreditation system can provide valuable reference to improve medical education accreditation in China. By analyzing the process and current situation of WFME and other countries' medical education accreditation system, this paper tries to draw some lessons for the construction of Chinese education accreditation system, such as improve the effectiveness of education certification, increase the participation of students in certification, and expand the scope of certification. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of stress management and resilience training on the psychological resilience and anxiety level of international nursing students in a university in Ireland Cheng Junxiang, Bian Weina, Dong Yue, Shi Baowei 2021, 41 (8):  763-767.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210105-00037 Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (835KB) ( 82 )   Objective To evaluate the impact of SMART program on resilience and anxiety potentially present in the international nursing students in Ireland during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Experimental control method was used in this study. From February 2020 to July 2020,one hundred and thirty international nursing students in Institute Technology of Tralee were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 65 in each. A 12-week SMART program was implemented in the experimental group, and the control group accepted only college regular psychological course. Resilience and anxiety level were measured by CD-RISC(connor-davidson resilience scale)and SAS(self-rating anxiety scale)before and after intervention. Follow-up assessments for two groups were conducted one month after intervention. Results Before the intervention,CD-RISC score of experimental group and control group were [(65.43±5.58)vs.(64.22±5.07)](t =1.185,P=0.238)and there was no statistic difference. After the intervention, CD-RISC score of the experimental group(73.97±6.19) was significantly higher than that of control group(66.45±4.91)(t=7.064,P<0.01). Before intervention,SAS scores of experimental group and control group were [(47.18±6.80)vs.(48.85±5.39)] and there was no significant difference(t=-1.429,P=0.156). After intervention the SAS score of experimental(27.91±6.54) was lower than that of the control group (34.55±6.82).The difference was statistically significant(t=-5.241,P<0.01). Conclusions The resilience of international nursing students in Ireland is enhanced and anxiety level is reduced by SMART program. References | Related Articles | Metrics