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01 July 2020, Volume 40 Issue 7 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Reflections on cultivation of medical talents from the experience dealing with COVID-19 pandemic Ding Lei, Shao Li, Wang Hui, Tang Hua, Yang Jing, Guo Xiaokui, Hu Yiqun 2020, 40 (7):  481-485.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200331-00467 Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (854KB) ( 97 )   Since the outbreak of the COVID-19, China has initiated an extraordinary action in the infection prevention and control, which has been well respected and got support from international community. The challenge from the pandemic is a test with all aspects of China's governance system and professional capability. Higher medical education is responsible for the training and delivery of specialized talents for medicine. The response to the challenge has shown many areas that need to be reflected in terms of cultivation of medical talents. This paper attempts to systemize the particularity, integrity and development of medical education, analyze the shortcomings and challenges of cultivation of medical talents. On this basis, it focuses on the top-level design of medical education reform, the construction of public health talents team, the remodeling and improvement of clinical medical education system, the promotion of combination of medical humanities education,ideological and political education,and the penetration of the concept of “Global Health” and “One Health” into medical education to put forward relevant proposals and suggestions. It was hoped to provide reference for education remodeling, development of medical science and the cultivation of medical talents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thoughts on talent training of public health and preventive medicine during the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus pneumonia Liang Geyu, Li Tao, Yin Lihong, Jin Hui, Feng Qilong, Pu Yuepu 2020, 40 (7):  486-489.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200403-00482 Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (839KB) ( 72 )   The epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia highlights the shortage of professional staff in dealing with public health emergencies of major communicable diseases. Correspondingly, the scale of public health and preventive medicine training in universities is small. The teaching methods emphasize theory and light practice, which can not meet the needs of social development. In this paper, we put forward some suggestions on how to improve the quantity and quality of public health and preventive medicine personnel training and how to build public health professional training system to meet needs of the times. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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How to strengthen the training on hospital infection control during the COVID-19 pandemic Ye Qing, Yang Jin, Cheng Yujia, Dong Weiguo 2020, 40 (7):  490-494.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200306-00269 Abstract ( 57 )   PDF (886KB) ( 41 )   Based on the analyzes of the problems found during COVID-19 pandemic as well as the current training system for hospital infection control as a component of medical education in China, this article not only expounds the importance of strengthening the training for hospital infection control, but also proposes several suggestions, with a view to training qualified medical staff with awareness of infection control in healthcare institutions. It may help to guarantee quality of healthcare provision by protecting the patients and medical staff against the nosocomial infections both in in emergency management and or in routine healthcare service. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Online learning and living conditions of medical college students during the COVID-19 pandemic Huang Jiaxin, Yuan Siyue, Ding Hui, Liu Chen, Wang Lei, Huang Zehan, Du Yiheng, Zhang Tao, Hu Jianli, Yang Shengli 2020, 40 (7):  495-499.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200318-00367 Abstract ( 140 )   PDF (896KB) ( 79 )   Objective To find the current situation of online learning as well as emotional state of medical students in different grade groups during COVID-19 pandemic,and put forward suggestions for improving network learning through optimize the online courses. Methods The method of questionnaire was adopted. A total of 284 medical students from Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of science and technology, who completed the online questionnaire from March 5 to March 7, 2020, were selected as the research objects. The data were analyzed by Mann Whitney U test, chi square test and logistic regression method. Results The scores of anxiety and tension [1.0 (1.0), 2.0 (2.0)], irregular learning [2.0 (2.0), 2.0 (2.0)] and other psychological and life states of the students in the teaching grade group and the internship grade group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There are 85.9% (244/284) of the students thought that the biggest advantage of online learning was not been limited by the venue, but there was significant difference between the students from teaching grade group and the students from internship grade group [58.5% (166/284), 27.5% (78/284)] (P< 0.05). The most recognized and favorite online course platform for students is recorded and broadcast course platform [72.2% (205/284)]. High quality network resources (OR=5.64, 95% CI=1.21~26.43) and experience in online courses (OR=1.88,95%CI=1.05~3.38) can significantly improve students' acceptance of online learning. Conclusions Students in different grades vary with psychological and living conditions, cognitive advantages of online learning, preference of online course platform; students with different resources have different acceptance of online learning. The needs of students in should be well evaluated and so to provide them with high-quality network resources and teaching materials. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of web-based teaching method in pediatrics internship during the pandemic of COVID-19 Wang Yuqi, Zhang Yuanyuan, Zhou Yunlian, Ye Bei, Chen Zhimin 2020, 40 (7):  500-503.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200331-00462 Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (868KB) ( 47 )   Objective To explore the application output of web-based teaching method in pediatrics internship during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to select to forty-five clinical medicine interns at Zhejiang University School of Medicine who are currently in the Children's Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine for training were selected from February to March 2020. The teaching was carried out through network platform. The evaluations of students and teachers using the web-based teaching method were investigated by questionnaire survey after the pediatric internship. Results Totally 95.6% (43/45) of the students thought that web-based teaching method was helpful for students to master theoretical knowledge. 80.0% (36/45) and 88.9% (40/45) of the students respectively believed that web-based teaching method had a role in improving learning enthusiasm and autonomous learning ability. 86.7% (39/45) of the students said they could get timely feedback and help during the web-based internship. And 62.2% (28/45) of the students believe that web-based teaching method can help students master clinical skills to some extent. At the same time, teachers are willing to apply web-based teaching method and recognize its positive role. Conclusions Web-based teaching method can help students grasp theoretical knowledge and establish clinical thinking to a certain extent, improve students' subjective initiative in the pediatric internship during pandemic, and make up for the clinical practice training that cannot be carried out routinely. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring new pathway of capacity and professionalism building of resident doctors as a response to challenge from COVID-19 pandemic Wang Ben, Han Jiangli, Shen Ning 2020, 40 (7):  504-507.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200416-00589 Abstract ( 61 )   PDF (833KB) ( 41 )   The pandemic of COVID-19 pneumonia brings a challenge to current training system of residents which has raised the training standard in terms of prevention and control of the infection. This paper reported the experience from a medical team organized by Peking University Third Hospital that worked in Hubei province during the pandemic and this experience was translated into the requirement of competence and professionalism training of resident doctors in response to the newly emerging contagious disease (NECD). The capacity building covers the prevention and control of NECD, clinical and psychological intervention to patients suffering the disease and psychological trauma. The conclusion of this investigation may give suggestions to the remodeling of current residents'training and optimize the training outcomes to meet the needs response to the challenge from NECD in future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey of COVID-19 pandemic on high school students' willingness to apply for medical specialties Luo Youhui, Li Zhixia, Hou Jianlin, Wang Dan, Wang Weimin 2020, 40 (7):  508-512.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200509-00722 Abstract ( 57 )   PDF (877KB) ( 42 )   Objective To understand the influence of COVID-19 on high school students' willingness to apply for medical education. Methods A self-administered online questionnaire was used to investigate the students from senior one to senior three at 25 key high schools in 10 provinces. Results Totally 51 147 valid questionnaires were collected. The results showed that 33.9%(17 327/51 147) of the high school students had the intention to apply for entrance into medical schools and to be medical specialties. Among them 34.3%(5 942/17 327)of the students' willingness to learn medicine were not affected by the pandemic and even 39.1%(6 778/17 327) of them were more determined to learn medicine. There are 24.5%(4 238/17 327) of respondents who were not willing to learning medicine before the pandemic shifted their willing to medical education after the pandemic. Only 2.1% (369/17 327)of the students had the intention of learning medicine originally but plan to give up after the pandemic. Conclusions The overall willingness to apply for medical education and to be medical specialties in high school students is high. Public health and preventive medicine has been better understood by public because of COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is still a long way to go to help high school students to truly recognize and choose it. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospect and prospect of eight-year medical education program in China Wu Hongbin, Xie A'na, Wang Weimin 2020, 40 (7):  513-518.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191129-01032 Abstract ( 191 )   PDF (895KB) ( 152 )   As a way to cultivate high-level medical talents, eight-year medical education program has attracted much attention. In this paper, the development process of it in China has been reviewed systematically, and divided into five periods. Furthermore, this paper has clarified the current situation and characteristics, and sorted out the external and internal challenges faced. Eight-year medical education program should adhere to elite education and explore diversified admission, standardize the training stage and encourage the specific development with policy space to align with existing policies, establish an organization to improve development together. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantity and geographic distribution of colleges offering undergraduate clinical medicine program in China Liao Peng, Hou Jianlin, Liao Kaiju, Li Fei, Ma Xuanxuan, Wang Zhifeng 2020, 40 (7):  519-523.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191126-01024 Abstract ( 143 )   PDF (860KB) ( 98 )   Objective Analyzing the quantity and geographic distribution of colleges offering undergraduate clinical medicine program in China and so to provide research basis for the development of national strategy for specialty establishment. Methods Using the data from the Ministry of Education in 2018, the distribution of colleges in regions were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Using the Theil index to explore the source of difference. Results Up to 2018, there were 181 colleges offering undergraduate clinical medicine program in China, accounting for 14.54% of the total undergraduate colleges and 51.28% (20/39)of the 985 Project colleges offering undergraduate clinical medicine program, while in other undergraduate colleges the percentage is only 13.24(150/1133). On average, each province has 5.84 colleges offering undergraduate clinical medicine program. The number of colleges offering undergraduate clinical medicine program for every 10 million populations and every 100 thousand square kilometers is 1.30 and 1.88. The contribution rate of the Theil index in the interior region was 81.58%. Conclusions The proportion of high-level colleges offering undergraduate clinical medicine program is much higher than other undergraduate colleges. The level and number of colleges offering undergraduate clinical medicine program vary greatly among regions. Setting the undergraduate clinical medicine program must to consider the factors such as the absolute number and relative number of colleges offering undergraduate clinical medicine program, the academic level of colleges and the strength of clinical medicine discipline. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on funding input after college enrollment expansion in China Li Wenzhuo, Wu Hongbin, Wang Zhifeng 2020, 40 (7):  524-528.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191023-00879 Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (1158KB) ( 59 )   Objective The study analyzed the trends of funding input of higherpublic health professional institutions which organized undergraduate health professional education after the numeric expansion of enrollment in China. Methods Quantitative analysis was used to analyze the time trend characteristics of the scale and funding input of health professional institutions in China from 1998 to 2011. Equity index was used to analyze the degree and source of funding input. Results The number and scale of higher health professional institutions have been increased, with an average annual growth rate of 4.22% for institutions and 19.04% for students between 1998 and 2011. The level of funding input also increased. The total input in 2003 increased by 9.33 times compared with that in 1998, and the funding per student increased somewhat. Unbalanced situations existed in different regions, which were mainly from within regions. The gap between central and western regions had widened since 2008. Conclusions It is suggested to scientifically regulate the scale of health professional institutions, continue to increase the funding level and set a long-term mechanism of funding input to ensure the quality of health professional education and the quality between provinces. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of “the spirit of fighting against epidemic”on curriculum ideological and political education strategies study in traditional Chinese medicine universities Hu Hongyi, Wang Lin, Zhang Lisheng, Shu Jing, Cao Xikang 2020, 40 (7):  529-533.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cnl15259-20200311-00312 Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (882KB) ( 85 )   Starting from the outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19), combines the characteristics of the curriculum ideological and political education in traditional Chinese medicine universities, exploring the ideological and political elements in special periods,and constructing a multi-dimension implementation system of courses for ideological and political education in traditional Chinese medicine universities from the perspectives of mechanism and system,course teaching, teacher training, evaluation feedback,publicity and motivation, so as to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the curriculum ideological and political education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Deepening the reform of course ideology and politics in medical colleges by integrative cultivation of knowledge and morality Ma Tianmei, Shu Jing, Wang Lin, Zhang Lisheng 2020, 40 (7):  534-537.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190722-00586 Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (861KB) ( 80 )   Traditional Chinese medicine higher education should promote the integrative cultivation of knowledge and morality. The Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is practicing the reform of course ideology and politics. By linking professional education, cultural penetration, and political work in an all-round way, a trinity teaching system of political, general, and professional courses is established. All courses establish moral goals and incorporate moral elements. Through the integration of socialist core values and Chinese excellent traditional culture education into the whole course of professional course teaching, it is possible to cultivate Chinese medicine talents who have both ability and political integrity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and practice of ideological and political education through curricula in medical functional experiment course Zhu Yanhe, Guo Yuan, Zhang Li, Meng Kai, Wang Tao, Shi Xiaolian, Gou Wei, Hu Hao 2020, 40 (7):  538-542.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191017-00862 Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (882KB) ( 130 )   Ideological and political education is an important component of college educations which not only meets the needs of China's current national conditions, but also is of great significance to promote the comprehensive development of contemporary college students. Functional experiment course is a basic medical practice training, so students contact the early stage of university education. According to the characteristics of medical students and its specialty, the ideological and political elements, such as patriotism education, medical moral education, life education, legal education and team-work spirit in medical functional experiment course were excavated, meanwhile, the approaches and methods of smart integration between medical functional experiment course and ideological and political education through curricula was explored. Based on the above ideological and political education through curricula teaching system suitable for functional experiment training was constructed, so as to better promote the unity of knowledge transmission, skills training and values shaping in students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The flipped classroom combined with a team-based learning method in clinical internship of respiratory internal medicine Di Jinna, Zhang Li, Liu Jingyu, Wan Yizeng, Xu Ruigang 2020, 40 (7):  543-546.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200121-00087 Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (873KB) ( 54 )   Clinical probation, as a bridge to link preclinical medical theory and clinical training, is of great significance for medical students training. The combined teaching method of flipped classroom with team-based learning (TBL) has changed the previous “quick observer” clinical internship. It is important for stimulating students' learning initiative and team spirit. This article discusses the teaching method of flipped classroom combined with TBL in the respiratory internal medicine internship for medical students from the class taught in English as teaching language enrolled in 2015 in Jinzhou Medical University, so as to improve the students' capacity building in autonomous and teamwork, and the training of clinical reasoning, so as to reach the goal of qualified medical education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of simulated homicide scene teaching in forensic scene science Yang Tengfei, Liu Yan, Miao Qifeng, Miao Qi, Zhao Weidong, Li Dongri 2020, 40 (7):  547-552.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191128-01029 Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (1235KB) ( 50 )   Forensic scene science is an essential part of the undergraduate teaching of forensic medicine in China, among which the investigation of murder scene is the majority of all, and students should be given to practice teaching on the real murder scene. But due to the restriction by the confidentiality of the case, the protection of students' personal safety and so on, most of the domestic university can't make students go to the scene for an inquest, and instead it with developing case teaching in the classroom generally or inviting the public security police to give lessons to students, which result that the undergraduate of the forensic science are week in crime scene investigation and can't adapt to the front line work of public security after graduation. Based on the above problems, forensic sceneology teaching uses simulated homicide scene to make up for the deficiency in the practical teaching of forensic scene science in order to make students be able to practice what they have learned better.This paper emphatically introduces the design, process and teaching effect evaluation of simulated homicide case. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and evaluation of information management module for clinic skills training of professional degree postgraduates Zhao Jinghong, Xiao Tangli, Zhang Jingbo, He Yongtao 2020, 40 (7):  553-556.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190807-00647 Abstract ( 56 )   PDF (832KB) ( 25 )   To implement and manage the clinical skills training for professional degree postgraduates, we have initially established an information management module for clinical skills training which was comprised of two parts: clinical skill management module and continuing education management module. This information management module was included in each step of clinical skills training for postgraduates, two-way evaluation between teaching and learning, and the whole process of supervision by administrators. The application evaluation was carried out among the professional degree postgraduates (2015-2016), standardization trainers teachers and administrators in our hospital. Results showed that 87.2% (41/47) of the postgraduates believed that this module improved the mastery and efficiency of clinical skills and 80.9% (38/47) of the postgraduates believed that the guidance of the standardization training teacher was, more timely and effective, and its application in the continuing education module also earned a good satisfaction. Additionally, the trainers and administrators also reported a high satisfaction after using the module. In conclusion. This module effectively promotes the two-way improvement between trainers and trainees, and improves management efficiency. But it still needs updating according to the postgraduate management requirements. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of virtual reality technology in standardized training of orthopedic resident Wang Zhongzhao, Sun Jingchuan, Wang Yuan, Sun Kaiqiang, Zhu Jian, Guo Yongfei, Shi Jian'gang, Xu Ximing 2020, 40 (7):  557-560.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191216-01087 Abstract ( 107 )   PDF (887KB) ( 80 )   Virtual reality is a rapidly developing technology characterized by immersive interaction that allows users to explore and manipulate computer-simulated three-dimensional environments. Its application in standardized training of orthopedist has been quite extensive, covering surgical simulation, arthroscopic simulation, surgical approach design and so on. Nowadays, its derivative technologies mainly included augmented reality and mixed reality technologies, which showed great prospects in the application of standardized training of orthopedist. This paper briefly summarized the application of virtual reality augmented reality and mixed reality in standardized training of orthopedist. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on the function of classic textbook reading and report program in the standardized training of orthopaedic residents Hou Guojin, Zhou Fang, Tian Yun, Zhou Feifei, Tian Hua 2020, 40 (7):  561-564.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200224-00177 Abstract ( 49 )   PDF (816KB) ( 33 )   To promote the overall development of orthopaedic residents,our department tried the teaching program of classic textbook reading and report program.The orthopaedic residents are grouped according to the tutor's major,once the contents of the classic textbook are assigned,the reading is completed within a limited time,and the contents of the textbook are understood through consultation,literature retrieval,and so on.Then the residents refine the content of the textbook, make PPT,give the report speech at a fixed time every week,and commented by the professional instructor.The results show that this teaching program not only urges residents to master the diagnosis and treatment strategy of common orthopedic diseases,which may strength the professional knowledge of the residents,but also polish their English reading,PPT production and public speech-making skills, which may lay the foundation for their future growth of residents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Framework construction and system design of clinical thinking ability assessment Li Guojian, Xiang Yang, He Ju, Liu Maowei, Han Chunmei, Xi Zheng, Zhang Dongqi 2020, 40 (7):  565-568.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191212-01074 Abstract ( 136 )   PDF (828KB) ( 94 )   In order to improve the evaluation level of clinical thinking ability in China's medical examinations and create an objective and structured examination form for Chinese National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE) in 2017, the National Medical Examination Center organized 15 experts in medical education and 3 experts in psychometrics to conduct a study on clinical thinking ability assessment (CTA). The index, framework and system of CTA were put forward in 2018and was used in the empirical study of NMLE phased examination in 2018 and 2019. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the index and framework of CTA system, to promote a better understanding of the CTA framework and system for colleges and students, to further promote the system application, and to improve the evaluation level of clinical thinking ability in clinical practice skills examination of NMLE. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of information literacy evaluation tool for nursing teachers in colleges and universities Yan Jun, Li Wentao, Zhao Shengnan, Jin Zhe, Wang Nan, Li Xiaoyang, An Libin 2020, 40 (7):  569-573.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200305-00259 Abstract ( 50 )   PDF (886KB) ( 51 )   Objective To develop an evaluation tool for information literacy of nursing teachers in colleges and universities. Methods The first draft of evaluation tools is drawn up based on literature analysis, relevant policy documents,guidance and framework of teachers' educational information technology capability.Use Delphi method to determine the index content of evaluation tools, and use analytic hierarchy process to calculate index weight. Results The effective recovery rate of the three rounds of expert correspondence questionnaires was 100.0%,and the expert authority coefficient was 0.88.Finally, 4 primary indicators, 13 secondary indicators and 45 tertiary indicators were established to evaluate the information literacy of nursing teachers in colleges and universities. Conclusions A scientific, suitable and feasible evaluation tool with concise and clear index content was developed,which can provide reference for the effective evaluation of information literacy of nursing teachers in colleges and universities. References | Related Articles | Metrics