中华医学教育杂志

中华医学教育杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 146-150.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20250110-00028

• 国外医学教育与比较医学教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

中美医生数量与医学教育招生规模比较研究

侯建林1, 方晨晨1, 黄玉洁2, 谢阿娜1, 王维民1   

  1. 1北京大学医学教育研究所,北京 100191;
    2北京大学公共卫生学院全球卫生系2024级公共卫生专业硕士研究生,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10 出版日期:2026-02-01 发布日期:2026-01-30
  • 通讯作者: 王维民, Email: wwm@bjmu.edu.cn

Comparative study on the number of physicians and enrollment scale of medical education between China and the United States

Hou Jianlin1, Fang Chenchen1, Huang Yujie2, Xie Ana1, Wang Weimin1   

  1. 1Institute of Medical Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
    2MPH Student Admitted in 2024, Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2025-01-10 Online:2026-02-01 Published:2026-01-30
  • Contact: Wang Weimin, Email: wwm@bjmu.edu.cn

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摘要： 目的 比较中美两国大体相当资质的医生数量与医学教育招生规模,并在此基础上对中国医学教育招生规模调控和医生队伍建设提出政策性建议。方法 采用描述性分析方法,对相关指标的绝对数量和相对数量进行统计与比较。结果 据2022年或最新数据年份统计,中国和美国医生总数分别为257.4万人和98.9万人。中国拥有221所医学院,总招生规模为14.3万人;美国拥有204所医学院,总招生规模为3.2万人。中国医学院院均招生规模为645人,美国医学院院均招生规模为158人。中美两国每千人口医生数量分别为1.8人和3.0人,每千万人口医学院数量分别为1.6所和6.1所。结论 与美国相比,中国存在医生和医学院相对数量偏低、医学院院均招生规模过大的问题,需要持续并稳步增加医学院数量,压缩医学院院均招生规模。

关键词: 医生数量, 医学教育, 招生规模, 中国, 美国, 比较

Abstract: Objective To compare the number of equivalent physicians and enrollment scale of medical education in China and the United States and provide policy recommendations for regulating enrollment scale of medical education and building physician workforce in China. Methods Descriptive analysis was used to compare the absolute and relative quantities of relevant indicators. Results In 2022 or the latest data year, the total number of physicians in China and the United States were 2.57 million and 989 thousand, respectively. China had 221 medical schools with a total enrollment of 143 thousand students; There were 204 medical schools in the United States, with a total enrollment of 32 thousand students. The average enrollment of Chinese medical schools was 645, while in the United States it was 158. The number of physicians per thousand population in China and the United States was respectively 1.8 and 3.0, and the number of medical schools per ten million population was respectively 1.6 and 6.1. Conclusions Compared with the United States, China has a relatively low number of physicians and medical schools, and the average enrollment scale of medical schools is too large. It is necessary to steadily increase the number of medical schools and compress the average enrollment scale of medical schools.

Key words: Number of physician, Medical education, Enrollment scale, China, The United States of America, Comparison

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