中华医学教育杂志

中华医学教育杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 210-215.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20241127-01220

• 医学教育管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

1998至2022年我国普通高校临床医学专科教育规模与结构研究

於金华1, 龙锴2, 吴幽幽3, 夏修龙1, 侯建林4   

  1. 1九江学院国际农村医学教育研究中心,九江 332005;
    2九江学院基础医学院病原生物学与免疫学教研室,九江 332005;
    3赣南医科大学2021级护理学专业学生,赣州 341000;
    4北京大学医学教育研究所,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-27 出版日期:2025-03-01 发布日期:2025-03-04
  • 通讯作者: 侯建林, Email: houjianlin@bjmu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:於金华现为北京大学医学教育研究所访问学者
  • 基金资助:
    中华医学基金会农村医学教育基本要求和课程体系建设(CMB10-031);2024年度北京大学医学部教育教学研究课题(2024YB48)

Study on the scale and structure of clinical vocational education in China′s regular higher education institutions from 1998 to 2022

Yu Jinhua1, Long Kai2, Wu Youyou3, Xia Xiulong1, Hou Jianlin4   

  1. 1International Rural Medical Education Research Center, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China;
    2College of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China;
    3Undergraduate Student Majoring in Nursing, Enrolled in 2021, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
    4Institute of Medical Education,Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
  • Received:2024-11-27 Online:2025-03-01 Published:2025-03-04
  • Contact: Hou Jianlin, Email: houjianlin@bjmu.edu.cn
  • About author:Yu Jinhua is currently a visiting scholar at the Institute of Medical Education, Peking University
  • Supported by:
    Basic Requirements and Curriculum Development for Rural Medical Education by the China Medical Board (CMB10-031); 2024 Educational and Teaching Research Projects of Peking University Health Science Center(2024YB48)

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摘要： 目的 对1998至2022年我国临床医学专科教育规模与结构进行定量分析,为相关政策的评价与完善提供依据。方法 基于全国分校分专业医学类招生数据,采用描述性统计和比较研究方法进行数据分析。结果 1998至2022年临床医学专科教育年招生总人数从1.1万人增至5.1万人,招生院校数从83所增至137所。2022年招收临床医学专科学生的3类院校(本科、高专、高职)中,高职院校招生占比达到51.8%;单点招生规模超过300人的高校为66所,超过1 000人的高校为4所;东、中、西部地区招生人数占比分别为21.3%、49.4%和29.2%。结论 我国临床医学教育结构发生显著变化,临床医学专科教育规模较大。建议注重临床医学专科教育质量,实行地区差异化招生政策,着重优化西部地区招生结构的规模与质量;应当加强各省医学教育与社会需求的契合度,重视医教协同,探索适合我国国情的临床医学专科教育模式,不断提升人才培养质量。

关键词: 医学, 医学教育, 专科教育, 教育规模, 教育结构

Abstract: Objectives To conduct a quantitative analysis of the scale and structure of clinical specialty education in China from 1998 to 2022, providing an empirical basis for the evaluation and improvement of relevant policies. Methods Based on nationwide data on medical enrollment by institution and major, descriptive methods and comparative research methods were used for data analysis. Results Between 1998 and 2022, the annual enrollment in clinical medical associate degree programs increased from11 thousand to 51 thousand, while the number of institutions offering such programs rose from 83 to 137. In 2022, among the three types of institutions admitting students for clinical medical associate degree programs (undergraduate universities, junior colleges, and vocational colleges), vocational colleges accounted for 51.8% of total enrollment. A total of 66 institutions had single-campus enrollment exceeding 300 students, and 4 institutions enrolled more than 1 000 students each. The regional distribution of enrollment was 21.3% in the eastern region, 49.4% in the central region, and 29.2% in the western region. Conclusions Significant structural changes have occurred in clinical medical education in China, with a notable expansion in the scale of clinical medical associate degree programs. It is recommended that the government further optimize medical education policies by appropriately reducing the scale of these programs and adopting region-specific enrollment strategies, particularly enhancing both the scale and quality of enrollment in western regions. Moreover, greater alignment between provincial medical education and societal demands should be pursued, alongside strengthening collaboration between the healthcare and education sectors. Efforts should also focus on developing clinical medical associate degree education models suited to China′s national context to continually improve the quality of talent cultivation.

Key words: Medicine, Education,Medical, Vocational education, Educational scale, Educational structure

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