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01 October 2024, Volume 44 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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In-depth analysis and implementation strategies of the fourth generation medical education Wang Weimin 2024, 44 (10):  721-725.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20240722-00766 Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (813KB) ( 133 )   The fourth-generation medical education, accompanying the new technological revolution, triggers a paradigm shift in medical education. This article reviews the development process of three generations of medical education reform, analyzes the connotations and characteristics of the fourth-generation medical education which is centered on health, interdisciplinary, integrated, and empowered by artificial intelligence. It suggests that facing the fourth-generation medical education, medical educators should actively respond to changes, reconstruct the mechanisms and models of medical education, adjust curricula, update course content, improve evaluation methods, and positively accept and embrace the fourth-generation medical education both in mindset and action. The aim is to establish a new paradigm for medical education under the backdrop of the new technological revolution and cultivate high-quality talents competent for the Healthy China strategy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of research fronts in medical education based on Web of Science (2024) Wen Deliang, Li Honghe, Song Xinzhi 2024, 44 (10):  726-732.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20240411-00383 Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (910KB) ( 59 )   Objective To understand the research fronts, the status of China′s international scientific research cooperation, and the distribution of the Chinese authors with outstanding contributions in the field of medical education. Methods Based on the Web of Science database, with medical education as the theme, CiteSpace and HistCite were used for co-citation cluster analysis and external characteristic analysis of the included literature. Results In 2023, the research fronts of medical education focus on seven themes, including equity of medical education, reform of medical teaching mode in the post-COVID era, entrustable professional activities, professional identity formation, educational technology and anatomy teaching, application of artificial intelligence, and reconstruction of medical education assessment. From 2014 to 2023, Chinese authors published 1 703 papers on medical education, including 465 (27.3%) were papers with international research cooperation, which involved 90 cooperating countries or regions. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of citations per paper between international and non-international collaborative papers, 4.0 (1.0, 10.0) vs. 2.0 (1.0, 2.0), (Z=-6.75, P<0.001). The contribution value of the publications ranges from 1.8 to 6.8, and the contribution value of the citations ranges from 15.4 to 246.9 for Chinese authors with outstanding contributions. Conclusions The application of artificial intelligence and the reconstruction of medical education evaluation become the emerging research fronts of medical education in 2023. The participation of Chinese authors in international scientific research cooperation in medical education is still insufficient, and the comprehensive contribution value of Chinese authors with outstanding contributions needs improvement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An analysis on the implementation status and countermeasures of undergraduate preceptorship in medical colleges in China Huang Yixi, Liu Yike, Xu Jiayu, Wang Jing 2024, 44 (10):  733-738.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230920-00280 Abstract ( 40 )   PDF (870KB) ( 59 )   The undergraduate preceptorship serves as a complement and development to the traditional talent cultivation model. The implementation of the undergraduate preceptorship in domestic medical colleges has achieved certain effects over the years, but there are still some unresolved issues. This paper adopts the method of text analysis, taking into consideration the current situation of the implementation of the undergraduate preceptorship in domestic medical colleges, and sorts out the key links in the full process of the implementation of the undergraduate preceptorship, including determining the type of tutor, building a tutor database,process management and supervision, and effect evaluation and incentive. At the same time, it summarizes the existing problems such as unclear positioning and responsibilities of tutors, unreasonable teacher-student ratio, and imperfect assessment and evaluation system, and puts forward measures for improvement, such as clarifying the responsibilities of tutors, building an excellent team of tutors, improving the assessment and incentive mechanism, and innovating the interactive model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflections on strengthening the cultivation of internationalized medical talents under the background of building a global community of health for all Hou Jianlin, Yu Chen, Cheng Huaqin, Wang Weimin 2024, 44 (10):  739-744.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20240626-00656 Abstract ( 33 )   PDF (875KB) ( 60 )   Based on literature review, this study summarized competency requirements for internationalized medical talents and relevant educational measures home and abroad, and provided suggestions on the cultivation of internationalized medical talents in China. The competency requirements for internationalized medical talents involve aspects such as global health, international leadership, intercultural and interprofessional collaboration competence. Universities in China and other countries mainly carry outinternationalized talent cultivation through international cooperation and exchange, intercultural education, interprofessional education, and international medical education programs. In order to better cultivate internationalized medical talents, China needs to strengthen international cooperation and exchange in medical education, enhance medical students′ comprehensive professionalism and global responsibility awareness through the integration of multidisciplinary education, promote internationalization of medical education, attach importance to the attraction and use of international medical graduates, and strengthen the cultivation of medical students′ language abilities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bibliometric analysis of interdisciplinary education research in medical education in China Wang Shiyu, Lei Hong, Wei Renxiong, Wang Huanglei, Yu Xiangting 2024, 44 (10):  745-750.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20231109-00455 Abstract ( 64 )   PDF (1027KB) ( 73 )   Objective To explore the hotspots and research trend of medical interdisciplinary education in China. Methods Research literature on interdisciplinary medical education in China as of November 2023 were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang and Weipu database. And the data were processed by Note Express software and CiteSpace software for data collation and analysis, and the visual atlas was drawn. Results A total of 644 research literature fulfilling the search criteria were examined. After over 40 years of development, the total number of research literature on interdisciplinary education research in medical education in China was on the rise. Predominantly comprehensive universities have contributed most publications, with 8.2% of the literature focusing on inter-institutional cooperation. The top five high-frequency keywords with cumulative frequency were medical education (74 occurrences), interdisciplinary (68 occurrences), interdisciplinary discipline (67 occurrences), new medicine (54 occurrences) and talent training (43 occurrences). Research topics include training models, new medicine, health professions education, medicine, interdisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, medical students, teaching reform and mission systems. In recent years, emerging keywords include graduate students, new medicine, curriculum systems, emerging engineering education, artificial intelligence, teaching modes, innovation, innovation at the intersection of medicine and industry, integrated medicine, medicine+X (cross-disciplinary collaboration) and curriculum-based teaching. Conclusions There is a growing emphasis on cultivating interdisciplinary talents within the field of medicine. The topics and hotspots of the literature are closely related to social development and focus onpersonnel training and teaching reform of health professions education, new medicine and interdisciplinary education. Strengthening inter-agency cooperation, teaching modes, disciplinary fields, curriculum systems and students are the current research trends of interdisciplinary education research of medicine that need to be further explored. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A preliminary study on the improvement of anesthesiology teachers′ teaching ability based on process evaluation Shen Yiwei, Wei Ke, Xiong Qiuju, Lyu Feng, Li Ping 2024, 44 (10):  751-755.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20231020-00377 Abstract ( 36 )   PDF (825KB) ( 45 )   Objective To explore the effect of a process evaluation on the building of teaching capacity for the anesthesiology faculty. Methods A process evaluation plan for teachers was developed through literature research, and the experimental-control method was adopted in the 2021-2022 academic year. A total of 40 teachers from the Teaching and Research Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, who were engaged in the teaching of 2019 undergraduates were enrolled, and the teachers were divided into experimental group and control group through stratified random sampling, with 20 teachers in each group. The teachers in the experimental group were subjected to a process evaluation plan, and gave regular feedback to urge improvement. Control group teachers performed the traditional summative evaluation scheme. After one year, the year-end assessment and questionnaire survey were carried out to compare the differences of ″teacher self-evaluation″ ″student evaluation of teaching″ and ″peer evaluation″ between the two groups. Data were analyzed by t test, χ2 test or rank sum test. Results At the end of the school year, the self-evaluation score of teaching ability, the evaluation of student satisfaction and the peer evaluation of teaching supervision of the experimental group were better than those of the control group [93.0(4.8) points vs. 79.0(4.5) points, (93.9±4.4) points vs. (88.5±3.9) points, (87.1±6.3) points vs. (84.2±5.1) points]. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions The process evaluation for teachers is conducive to improving teachers′ satisfaction with teaching, peers and students, and improving teachers′ teaching ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the learning effect of applying the O-PIRTAS model on nursing social practice teaching You Haiyue, Zhao Ying, Cai Lingying, Sun Zhiqin, Wang Ren, Chen Xiao, Chen Wei 2024, 44 (10):  756-760.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230801-00073 Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (829KB) ( 14 )   Objective To explore the learning effect of applying the O-PIRTAS model on nursing social practice teaching. Methods The study adopted questionnaire survey and text analysis methods.From September to December 2022, 44 nursing undergraduate students of grade 2021 from School of Nursing Fudan University enrolled. Nursing social practice teaching was carried out based on the O-PIRTAS flipped classroom model over one semester. The academic self-efficacy was used to assess the learning effect of nursing students. The paired t-test and NVivo 12 Plus software were used to analyze the data and reflection reports. Results After one semester of study, the scores of nursing students′ academic self-efficacy scale increased significantly from (74.64±10.17) to (84.57±8.64), P<0.001. The content analysis of the reflection reports constructed 3 tree nodes include practice experience, practice harvests and practice suggestions and 15 sub-nodes. Conclusions The nursing social practice course based on the O-PIRTAS flipped classroom model can effectively improve students′ academic self-efficacy and promote active learning. It is recommended to integrate the unique features of different practice bases in conducting social practices, expedite the establishment of a practical service guarantee mechanism, scientifically formulate a practical evaluation system, and further enhance learning outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of teaching strategies adjusting to learning styles of medical undergraduates in medical informatics course Zhan Heqing, Yu Yuanbo, Han Huirui, Chen Yanying 2024, 44 (10):  761-766.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20231115-00492 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (869KB) ( 29 )   Objective To explore the effect of teaching strategies adjusted to medical students′ learning styles in medical informatics course. Methods From August 2022 to November 2023, an experimental control method was adopted to set 139 fourth-year pharmacy major students of the 2021 grade and 70 fourth-year pharmacy major students of the 2020 grade from Pharmaceutical School of Hainan Medical University as the experimental group and the control group, respectively. A learning style questionnaire was distributed to students in the experimental group, and teaching strategies adapted to various learning styles were designed and implemented. For the control group, their learning styles were not investigated, and traditional classroom instruction was adopted for teaching. The teaching effect was evaluated through the course performance of medical students in both groups. The relevant data were analyzed using the t-test. Results The proportion of students in the experimental group who scored above 90 for auditory learners was relatively high [26.5%(9/34)], while the proportion of intuitive learners scoring below 60 was also relatively high [11.5%(3/26)]. The assessment scores of the experimental group students were higher than those of the control (79.45±13.07 vs. 74.20±6.77), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions By applying teaching strategies based on learning styles in this course, although the proportion of individual types of learners with lower scores was relatively high, overall, the course performance of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. This indicates that teaching strategies that adapt to different learning styles can effectively improve the teaching effect of medical informatics courses, and also highlights the importance of paying attention to individual differences and learning styles of medical students during teaching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of blended teaching methods in pharmacotherapy clerkship for pharmacy students Su Chengxin, Ding Nan, Fan Shupan, Wang Zhuo 2024, 44 (10):  767-770.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230927-00311 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (829KB) ( 41 )   Objective To explore the use of blended teaching methods in a short-term clerkship in Pharmacotherapy for pharmacy students. Methods In December 2022, 19 undergraduate students in the four-year pharmacy program of the class of 2019 at the School of Pharmacy of Naval Medical University were enrolled in the phase of their clinical clerkship in pharmacotherapeutics, and questionnaires were administered to students before and after the clerkship to find out the role of blended teaching in promoting changes in students′ perceptions and attitudes towards the discipline of clinical pharmacy, as well as semi-structured interviews with the students. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon rank sum text. Results Post-experience students rated the scenario questions on course evaluation as 4.0 (4.0, 5.0) points. The students rated their knowledge of the subject as 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) before clerkship and 4.0 (4.0, 5.0) after clerkship (P<0.001). The number of students who changed their attitudes and were willing to work related to clinical pharmacy increased by 14 students after clerkship, with the score increased from 2.0 (2.0, 3.0) before clerkship to 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) after clerkship (P<0.001). In the interviews on teaching method evaluation and work intention, 15 students gave positive evaluations. Conclusions The use of blended learning in pharmacotherapeutic clerkship was recognized by students, which is conducive to improving students′ understanding of the subject of clinical pharmacy and their willingness to engage in clinical pharmacy work. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the application of 3D animated electrocardiography wave form in teaching Li Xiaodong, Ding Jianhao, Xing Qian, Pan Yige, Guo Wen, Huang Fang, Mao Wei 2024, 44 (10):  771-775.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230813-00126 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (1378KB) ( 12 )   Objective To explore the effect of 3D animation simulation of normal electrocardiography (ECG) and ventricular hypertrophy ECG waveform in diagnostic ECG teaching. Methods From November to December 2021, a controlled experimental design was employed. Animation software and computer 3D modeling were utilized to simulate the process of forming normal and ventricular hypertrophy ECG waveforms from their respective 3D vector rings, which underwent ″secondary projection.″ These animated lectures were then applied in the teaching of diagnostic ECG, and the teaching outcomes were evaluated subsequently. Students from the seven-year traditional Chinese medicine program at Zhejiang Chinese Medical University in 2019 were randomly selected; 30 students were assigned to the study group, which received instruction using 3D animated ECG waveform lectures, while another 30 students from the seven-year acupuncture and tuina program were designated as the control group, undergoing traditional theoretical teaching. Following the teaching sessions, the effectiveness was assessed through theoretical exams, ECG interpretation exams, and questionnaires. Independent sample t-tests were performed to analyze the data. Results The study group achieved higher scores than the control group in both the theoretical ECG exam [(7.47±0.97) vs. (6.90±0.89),] and the ECG interpretation exam [(6.83±0.83) vs. (6.23±0.68)], both P<0.05. Additionally, the study group received higher ratings than the control group in terms of enhancing the interest in ECG knowledge [(7.97±0.77) vs. (7.37±1.07)] and invigorating classroom atmosphere [(7.40±0.77) vs. (6.90±0.92)] and so on, all P<0.05. Conclusions The use of 3D animation visualization technology to simulate normal and abnormal ECG waveforms in the teaching of diagnostic ECG has proven to yield favorable teaching outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of clinical clerkship checklist in Cardiology clerkship for students of clinical medicine Lai Jinsheng, Yao Fei 2024, 44 (10):  776-780.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20231113-00481 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (1019KB) ( 32 )   Objective To explore the effect of clinical clerkship checklist in the Cardiology clerkship for students of clinical medicine. Methods A controlled trial method was adopted in this study. In October 2021, 53 students majoring in clinical medicine of grade 2017 of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, were assigned as the study group to undergo a Cardiology clerkship based on the clerkship checklist model. Meanwhile, a total of 42 students from the grade 2016 of the same specialty who underwent traditional clerkship teaching served as the control group. After the clerkship, the clerkship performance of both groups were compared, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the study group students to collect their feedback on the teaching. Independent sample t-tests were used to analyze the relevant data. Results The study group students scored higher than the control group in medical record writing [(43.6±2.5) vs. (41.4±4.2)], clerkship performance [(49.5±0.6) vs. (49.0±0.8)], and overall clerkship scores (93.1±2.5) vs. [(90.4±4.3)], all P<0.05. Among the 52 students in the study group who participated in the survey, 48 (92.3%) agreed with the content setting of the clerkship checklist. All students believed that the time arrangement of the checklist was reasonable, and all students believed that the clerkship checklist contributed to the development of clinical ability, especially for clinical thinking, medical record writing, and medical ethics. Conclusions The clerkship model based on the clerkship checklist has achieved promising results in the Cardiology clerkship for students of clinical medicine. It has enhanced students' enthusiasm for the clerkship and improved the effects of clinical clerkship. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of an emotion management course on medical graduate students′ self-management ability Liu Haiyan, Chen Yuqi, Wang Muyao, Liu Wenting, Wang Yuying, Huang Fanyan, Chen Yu 2024, 44 (10):  781-785.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230729-00052 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (826KB) ( 18 )   Objective To explore the effect of an emotion management course on self- management ability of medical graduate students, and to inform the further development of emotional self-adjustment strategies for graduate students in universities. Methods This is a mixed-methods research. From October to November 2022, a group of medical graduate students were enrolled in this study, who took the course of ″Emotion Management for Graduate students″, carried out in six 120-minute sessions. Before and after the intervention, the effects of curriculum intervention were quantitatively evaluated by self-designed teaching questionnaire, Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), Berkeley Emotional Expression Scale (BEQ) and self-designed emotional management literacy Scale, and qualitative evaluation was carried out by focus group interview. Results The total score of emotion management literacy scale of 48 medical graduate students who participated in the whole course intervention was significantly different before and after the intervention [(72.94±18.69) vs. (107.65±11.79), P<0.001]. The dimensions of the EIS scale in identifying other people′s emotions [(23.65±2.18) vs. (24.44±1.83), P<0.05], emotional utilization [(28.98±2.63) vs. (29.92±3.26), P<0.05] and the negative emotion expression dimension of BEQ scale [(17.52±3.49) vs. (18.46±3.31), P<0.05] were statistically significant. Three themes were identified from the focus group interviews: (1) Changes in emotional perception; (2) Emotional cognitive adjustment; (3) Emotional self-regulation. Conclusions The emotion management course has a positive effect on the improvement of self-emotion management ability of medical graduate students. Medical colleges can further improve the emotion recognition, utilization and expression of students by offering relevant courses, in order to promote their overall improvement of self-emotion management ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bibliometric analysis of research topic of Chinese doctoral dissertation in obstetrics and gynecology Ding Jinli, Yang Chaogang 2024, 44 (10):  786-790.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20231012-00347 Abstract ( 20 )   PDF (2973KB) ( 22 )   Objective To analyze the research topics of the doctoral dissertations in obstetrics and gynecology in China, to inform the training of the doctoral degree candidates in obstetrics and gynecology. Methods The doctoral theses of obstetrics and gynecology in Wanfang database and CNKI database from 1988 to 2022 were searched in October 2023, and the basic information including author, years of publication, organization and keywords of all theses was collected. The keywords included in the theses were analyzed by VOSviewer software. Results A total of 2 746 doctoral dissertations in obstetrics and gynecology from 95 colleges were retrieved. The total number of dissertations from the top 10 schools accounted for 55.4% (1 522/2 746) of all dissertations, and there were 1 184 theses advisors. The number of papers (≥20) supervised by 7 tutors accounted for 8.4% of all papers (231/2 746), and 45.8% (1 257/2 746) of dissertations were not cited. The clustering map of high-frequency keywords showed that the main research theme of the dissertation were endometriosis, pathogenesis, preeclampsia and polycystic ovary syndrome. Conclusions The universities of Chinese doctoral dissertations of obstetrics and gynecology were relatively convergent, but the supervisors were relatively unconcentrated. The quality of the dissertations needs to be improved. Although a number of research themes have been formed, the breadth and depth of doctoral research in obstetrics and gynecology should be further expanded in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status of competency evaluation index system for clinical teachers in general practice in China Hao Lixiao, Li Jing, Chen Lifen, Chen Chao, Wang Yajun, Jia Jianguo 2024, 44 (10):  791-795.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20231004-00320 Abstract ( 51 )   PDF (828KB) ( 32 )   Objective To understand the current status of competency evaluation index system of clinical teachers in general practice in China. Methods Till May 2023, we searched Wanfang, CNKI Chinese database and PubMed English database by keywords for literature review. Results A total of 9 Chinese and English literature were included, and the results showed that the evaluation indexes of competence for clinical teachers in general practice in China were not consistent. Most of studies included professional competence, teaching ability and occupational literacy evaluation indexes. The evaluation index of the basic concept of general practice is gradually being paid attention to. The weight of scientific research ability is relatively low. Conclusions At present, the competency evaluation indicators of clinical teachers in general practice are imperfect, so we should strengthen relevant research, standardize the source and quality of teachers, establish an incentive mechanism, increase security efforts, and improve the assessment and evaluation mechanism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current situation and enlightenment of clinical nutrition personnel training in South Korea Song Fangfang, Chen Yang, Cai Wei, Shen Xiuhua 2024, 44 (10):  796-800.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20231030-00411 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (843KB) ( 12 )   Clinical nutrition is an important part of clinical diagnosis and treatment. The clinical nutrition education in Korea has experienced decades of development, and gradually became mature and standardized in recent years. This paper introduces the development of clinical nutrition discipline in Korea from development to standardization and the training mode and implementation plan of clinical nutrition personnel. By drawing on these experiences, clinical nutrition personnel professional training and education in China can be attempted from the following points in the future. First, consider the introduction of special laws and regulations to guarantee and clear management measures. Second, consider promoting the training of more in-depth talents on the basis of registered dietitians. Third, consider strengthening the practice ability training of clinical nutrition talents. And consider strengthening the construction of teaching staff and setting up a special national qualification examination channel for clinical dietitians. References | Related Articles | Metrics