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Thoughts on the future development of anesthesiology education in China Zeng Yinming, Li Wenzhi, Guo Qulian, Wang Guolin, Yao Shanglong, Deng Xiaoming 2022, 42 (8):  673-676.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20220303-00255 Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (794KB) ( 106 )   The key to strengthening our country by science and education depends on talents, where education is fundamental. Anesthesiology education is an important part of medical education and a solid foundation for talent training, discipline construction and development of anesthesiology in China. This paper discusses the original intention of establishing professional education in anesthesiology, the general goal of anesthesiology education in China, and earnestly strengthening school basic education, the existing problems and solutions, and the future development of anesthesiology education, and puts forward some practical solutions to the problems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of medical virtual teaching and research group based on system contingency theory Jiao Nan, Zhai Shuangqing 2022, 42 (8):  677-681.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20220105-00010 Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (805KB) ( 68 )   In order to further strengthen the construction of medical primary teaching group, based on the analysis of the characteristics and problems of medical virtual teaching and research group, and the types and characteristics of virtual teaching and research group, the paper attempts to put forward suggestions on the construction of medical virtual teaching and research group from five aspects by using system contingency theory: goal and value system, technology system, social psychological system, structure system and management system. It is proposed that the construction of medical virtual teaching and research group should well define the organizations core values and positioning, strengthen the organization's teaching core functions, create a unique culture of medical education organization and to develop a multi-dimensional matrix structure with related management mechanism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Global health competency model based on word frequency analysis Liu Zuokun, Wu Yin'ge, Shen Guiyuan, Yin Hui 2022, 42 (8):  682-686.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211123-01429 Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (984KB) ( 77 )   Objective To construct a global health competency model as the reference for global health competency research and talent training. Methods From June to August 2021, we reviewed eight competency models related to global health from literature databases and key modeling lexicon was extracted to establish a primary model. The final model was refined through literature research and expert consultation with the important competency index divided by frequency analysis. Results The verification process shows that all the competency indexes in the check thesaurus are qualified to be incorporated into the primary model and 165 words or phrases are obtained by combining the two thesauruses. A three-circle intersection structure of the model has been established, and revised into the final model with 24 competency indicators including three dimensions as “general competency”, “professional competency” and “global competency”. Among those, nine competency indicators are found to appear repeatedly 8 times or more, such as “teamwork and interpersonal skills” (17), “communication and expression ability” (12), “good personal qualities” (12), “multiculturalism” (12), “decision-making and leadership” (11), and so can be served as the important competency indicators of this model. Three competency indicators including “teamwork and interpersonal skills”, “communication and expression skills” and “decision and leadership” are found to exist in three dimensions of the model simultaneously, which may be considered as the core competency indicators. Conclusions This model has good applicability and meets the demand for education of talents in global health, which can be shared by education institutions to identify the importance of global health competency indicators and provide a preliminary reference for the selection and training of global health talents characterized with multi-disciplinary and multi-dimensional capacity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the relationship between educational environment perception types by medical undergraduates and their competency development in a university of Xinjiang He Zhican, Che Wenjing, Wu Xiangwei, Chen Jieting 2022, 42 (8):  687-691.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20220121-00088 Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (848KB) ( 40 )   Objective To investigate and analyze the educational environment perception types by medical undergraduates in a university of Xinjiang and its relationship to competency development. Methods The investigation was carried out by questionnaire survey. From February to June 2021, a total of 1 513 medical undergraduates enrolled from 2017 to 2020 were investigated. The DREEM scale and a self-made questionnaire for evaluation of medical undergraduate competency development were adopted. Spearman correlation analysis, variance analysis, potential profile model and other methods were used for processing the data of investigation. Results The total scores of educational environment perception and competency development by medical undergraduates are (99.90±14.58) and (40.71±7.57) respectively. The educational environment perception by medical undergraduates showed negative, balanced and positive results accounting for 30.2% (457/1 513), 60.1% (909/1 513) and 9.7%(147/1 513), respectively. The higher the educational environment perception of medical undergraduates is, the better competency developed. Conclusions Good educational environment perception can promote the competency development. It is necessary to optimize the educational environment and pay more attention to the competency development of medical students, so as to cultivate talent healthcare providers for the construction of healthy China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of influencing factors on medical students' professionalism development based on a structural equation model Zheng Dongze, Wu Chengyu, Wang Meiyu, Lin Tingting, Han Hao, Yang Guitao, Qiu Xiuhua 2022, 42 (8):  692-696.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211217-01544 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (1662KB) ( 86 )   Objective To explore and evaluate the influencing factors on medical students' professionalism development based on a structural equation model so as to advance the professionalism development of medical students. Methods A total of 606 undergraduates majoring in clinical medicine, nursing and stomatology from 2015 to 2019 in Shantou University Medical School were selected as the research objects to identify seven influencing factors on self-perception of professionalism development. IBM SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used for data analysis and model construction. Results The scores of curriculum satisfaction, peers' communication, self-efficacy, clinical practice, teachers' professionalism, social environment assessment and academic burden were (50.28±7.26), (28.53±3.78), (15.53±2.88), (35.30±4.63), (35.04±4.73), (10.72±4.08) and (18.75±4.40) respectively. Curriculum satisfaction (β=0.36,P＜0.001),peers' communication (β=0.36,P＜0.001), self-efficacy(β=0.18,P=0.002) and clinical practice (β=0.13,P=0.011) are the direct positive influence factors to medical students' professionalism. Teachers' professionalism (β=0.30,P＜0.001) plays an indirect positive role through mediating factors of curriculum satisfaction and clinical practice. Social environment assessment (β=-0.16,P＜0.001) plays an indirect negative role through the mediating factors of peer communication and curriculum satisfaction. Academic burden (β=-0.09,P＜0.001) plays an indirect negative role through the mediating factors of self-efficacy and peer communication. Conclusions Course satisfaction, peer communication, self-efficacy and clinical practice are the direct and positive influencing factors of medical students' professionalism; teacher quality is the indirect positive influencing factor; social environment evaluation and academic burden are indirect negative influencing factors. Implementing reform measuresaccording to the role path of the 7 influencing factors in this study, can promote medical students' professionalism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of clinical teacher training based on learning-research-practice community Yun Changhai, Liu Chunmiao, Fang Chuanlong, Li Shuang, Liu Zhongjin 2022, 42 (8):  697-700.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211231-01608 Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (791KB) ( 71 )   Clinical teachers' teaching ability and teaching research ability are the key factors affecting the quality of medical education personnel training. Scientifically designed clinical teachers' teaching development will directly improve their teaching and research ability.In December 2017, Qiqihar Medical College started clinical teacher training and designed a learning-research-practice teacher community (referred to as learning-research-practice community).After 4 periods of training, 332 clinical teachers completed the training. Among them, 21.4%(71/332) of clinical teachers have their own college and provincial teaching and research projects;74.7%(248/332) of the clinical teachers' grasp of the evaluation methods of clinical skills and the norms of clinical teaching;97.4%(323/332) of clinical teachers were satisfied with the training results. Therefore, the teaching development of learning-research-practice community is conducive to improving the teaching ability and teaching research ability of clinical teachers, which can be further promoted. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design, development and implementation of mentorship and mentoring training program for the standardized residency training Chen Chi, Zhu Yaqin, Luo Xi, Sun Xiaoliang, Ding Min, Kang Baoli, Xu Zengguang 2022, 42 (8):  701-704.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20220209-00143 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (797KB) ( 65 )   In the standardized resident training (resident training for short) , the guidance ability of the resident supervisor is very important to an effective training. With the support from a newly constructed system of mentorship in Shanghai East Hospital, we adopted the method of experience extraction to condense the core guiding ability that the full-course mentorship should possess, and designed the mentorship and mentoring training project which covered three core competencies of creating goals, “speaking, acting and practicing” and correct feedback in the three situations of regular communication, random guidance and correcting errors with nine corresponding behaviors. A total of 167 resident trainees joined the project from November 2020 to December 2021. The results of an after-school questionnaire showed that the instructors' satisfaction with the course content, the lecturers, the equipment facilities and the overall evaluation were all above 9 points (out of 10 points). There was a significant difference in the scores of tutor's understanding of tutorial system before and after class (8.6 vs. 9.4, P<0.001). The results of the satisfaction survey showed that over ninety-five percent of the trainees satisfied or very satisfied with the key behaviors demonstrated by their supervisors. The training program was approved by the trainers, since it, improve the trainers' teaching ability and also approved by the trainees as significant by their learning outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice of teaching reform in medical genetics as the national first-class undergraduate course Zhou Fengjuan, Wang Qiang, Liu Liqiong, Zhao Xiaorong, Xie Wenmei 2022, 42 (8):  705-708.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211203-01486 Abstract ( 64 )   PDF (822KB) ( 79 )   Medical genetics is the science to study the occurrence and pathogenesis of human genetic diseases.For meeting and adapting the change of society's demand for medical talents,Medical Genetics Teaching Team of Gansu Medical College carried out a series of effective teaching reforms:cultivating students' innovation consciousness through classroom teaching; training students' innovative thinking through taking into scientific research; improving students' innovation ability point through engage in social practice; stimulating the innovative spirit of students through information-based teaching as a carrier. The teaching reform has developing the construction of national first-class undergraduate course of medical genetics, and its experiences can also provide some references for the construction of medical genetics in the similar universities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and practice of ideological and political system of basic medicine discipline group curriculum Tang Junming, Li Shan, Wu Yan, Zhang Qiufang, Li Guohua, Zhang Jingxuan, Li Jian, Liu Zhixin, Wang Peijun, Xi Xueyan, Li Tao, Li He 2022, 42 (8):  709-712.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211222-01563 Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (790KB) ( 139 )   Considering medical education as a whole, according to the overall requirements and standards of curriculum ideology and politics, Hubei University of Medicine has reshaped the “three-dimensional” ideological and political objectives of basic medicine curriculum with the discipline group of basic medicine as the starting point, to establish a library of curriculum ideological and political elements with the unity of “six perspectives” homogenization and personalization, and built a three-dimensional way to realize the integration and connection of professional curriculum content and curriculum ideology and politics. It has achieved the goal of ideological and political education in the integrated curriculum of “integration of five education”. The construction of the curriculum ideological and political system has achieved good results. The research results of the 2019-2021 academic year show that more than 90% of students recognize and accept the system and are conducive to the creation of new values, and more than 70% of students believe that the system can promote and expand the learning of professional courses. The implementation of the ideological and political system of basic medical subject group courses is an effective exploration of carrying out ideological and political education in medical professional courses, and can provide reference for the ideological and political construction of medical colleges and universities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and practice of integrating curriculum ideological and political education into undergraduate teaching of infectious diseases Xiao Fei, Liu Xi, Chen Huili, Wu Qing, Hong Zhongsi 2022, 42 (8):  713-716.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-202201028-00122 Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (823KB) ( 128 )   The pandemic of COVID-19 infection has displayed some weaknesses of medical talents' education in the field of prevention and control of infectious diseases. It mind us to reform the education of in order to train qualified medical talents for the healthcare of people. The curriculum ideological and political education is important in our country. This article introduces a multi-dimensional curriculum model of ideological and political education, which effectively integrates law and policy education, traditional medicine, effect and spirit in the field of anti- contagious diseases into undergraduate teaching strategy of infectious disease. We evaluated the implementation effect through student survey. This article provides references cultivating the high-level medical talents with solid professional foundation of infectious diseases, family-national sentiment and responsibility spirit in 21st Century. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of hybrid SPOC plus RBL teaching method in internship training of surgery Zhang Haihua, Tang Di, Gao Guizhou, Su Xuan, Zhang Yanda, Zhang Tao 2022, 42 (8):  717-720.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211115-01401 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (800KB) ( 109 )   Objective To explore the application of SPOC (small private online course) combined with RBL (research-based learning) in surgical internship training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In May 2020 and August 2021,a total of 194 students in the 2017 and 2018 clinical medicine majors of Air Force Military Medical University who received clinical training in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University were selected as the research objects.Students in the 2018 class were used as the experimental group to implement the SPOC combined RBL teaching method; 2017 students were used as the control group and implemented the traditional teaching method. After the probation, the two groups of students were given theoretical examinations and questionnaires. The t-test was used to compare the scores between the two groups and χ2 test was used to compare the results of questionnaire survey from the groups. Results Compared with the results from classic teaching group, the scores of theory test from SPOC plus RBL group are better (P=0.047). In subjective case study questions, the scores of SPOC plus RBL group are significantly higher than those from the classic teaching group (P=0.037). The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the students in the experimental group were better than those in the control group in terms of learning interest and innovation ability [87.5% (84/96) vs. 56.1% (55/98), 69.8% (67/96) vs. 32.7% (32/98), all P<0.001]. Conclusions The hybrid model of SPOC plus RBL can effectively improve the learning outcomes and stimulate students' learning enthusiasm and attitude of active study. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of rapid cycle deliberate practice in simulation-based medical education Jiang Lingling, Wang Jiayou, Hu Xianwen, Zhang Ye 2022, 42 (8):  721-724.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20220106-00020 Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (813KB) ( 82 )   Simulation-based medical education is identified as a method of simulating real medical scenarios under the control of standardized technical routes and parameters, which is an important educational tool in modern medicine. Traditional simulation teaching emphasizes students' experiential learning and reflective practice. The weakness of this traditional method is fail to leave necessary time to students for their skill training. Rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP) is a relatively new simulation-based training method. This method cycles between deliberate practice and directed feedback to create a perfect practice pathway. The practice by more and more foreign scholars have confirmed the effect of this teaching method with increasing research papers published in recent years. But the faculty trainers in China are not familiar with this new teaching method yet. This review introduces the background and core elements of RCDP through published papers and prospects ,development of this method in future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of online self-directed learning platform of periodontology Geng Ying, Wang Xiaoqian, Li Lu, Sun Ying, Feng Zehua, Xu Yan 2022, 42 (8):  725-727.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211213-01523 Abstract ( 57 )   PDF (777KB) ( 47 )   In order to fill the gap between training needs and short training time in the offline teaching of periodontology, the teaching and research group of periodontology at Nanjing Medical University has developed an onlineself-directed learning platform. It has been one year since the implementation of this online platform,in order to evaluate its effect, 97 undergraduates majoring in stomatology from grade 2017 in Nanjing Medical University were enrolled for the research survey. This paper expounds the design and implementation of the periodontology online self-directed learning platform, and the application effect was evaluated by final examination scores, questionnaire surveys and interviews. The results showed that average final examination score of students from periodontology rotation was (78.64±10.14) points, the excellent rate was 50% (48/96), and the pass rate was 92.71%(89/96). The overall satisfaction of the students with online self-directed learning platform was 90.7% (88/97). Therefore, the online self-learning platform helps students to master theoretical knowledge systematically and is widely acknowledged by students. In addition, students think that the platform is efficient and practical, real-time interactive, and full of challenges. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of a web-based blended learning method in undergraduates' experimental training of periodontology Wang Xiaoxuan, Zeng Yu, Zhang Aijuan, Pi Huan, Yang Dong, Cao Zhengguo 2022, 42 (8):  728-731.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20220118-00069 Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (797KB) ( 57 )   Objective To explore the effects of web-based blended learning in undergraduates' experimental training of periodontology. Methods Seventy nine undergraduate students from five-year program,5+3 program and 8-year program enrolled in 2017 joined experiment group and 71 from the 3 programs mentioned above and enrolled in 2015 were collected as control group. The experiment group was trained with the web-based blended learning method and the control group adopted traditional learning method. At the end of the course, evaluation of training effect was conducted by both case analysis exams and student questionnaire survey. Results The examination scores of case analysis in the experiment group (11.63±2.27) were significantly higher than those of the control group (10.35±2.85) (P=0.002). Result of survey by questionnaire showed that 86.3% (63/73) of the students in the experiment group were satisfied with the blended teaching model since its positive effect to motivate learning interest[75.2%(55/73)], strengthen learning efficiency[76.7%(56/73)], enhance learning effectiveness[79.5%(58/73)], improve self-learning[71.2%(52/73)], and to facilitate teacher-student interaction[80.8%(59/73)]. Conclusions The web-based blended learning effectively improves the exam result of periodontal case analysis and the learning effect of clinical operation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of anesthesia case data collection template and its software on the teaching effect of case report Wang Ying, Tang Hong, Hu Cong, Mu Dunlan, Li Xueting, Zhang Xiang, Qi Sihua 2022, 42 (8):  732-735.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20220116-00061 Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (828KB) ( 53 )   Objective To explore the influence of anesthesia case data collection template and its software on the teaching effect of anesthesia case report. Methods Totally 60 residents who were enrolled from July to August in 2021 at Anesthesia Department in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. The resident trainees were randomized divided into the experimental group (n=31) and the control group (n=29). Residents in the experimental group used anesthesia case data collection template software to collect case data, while residents in the control group used traditional methods to collect case data. The teaching effects were evaluated by writing report evaluation, oral report evaluation and the questionnaire survey. Comparisons between groups were performed using independent samples t-test and χ2 test. Results The score of writing report evaluation and oral report evaluation of eighth text in the experimental group were (93.1±1.5) and (87.9±4.9),while in the control group were (73.1±5.9) and (68.9±7.7). The differences were significant(all P＜0.05). The score of writing report evaluation and oral report evaluation of final test in the experimental group were (93.3±3.2) and (88.2±4.2),while in the control group were (94.1±2.2) and (87.6±8.4),the differences were not significant(all P＞0.05). The questionnaire results showed that all of the residents believed that the template-based learning was “very helpful” in improving the completeness of the case report, the level of clinical anesthesia management and the mastery of basic knowledge. Conclusions Compared with traditional methods to collect case data, using anesthesia case data collection template software to collect case data can promote the residents to master the introduction of anesthesia cases, improve the initiative of learning, and lay the foundation for the smooth development of further teaching related to anesthesia cases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflection and reflective practice of adult learning theories in standardized training of residents and technicians in laboratory medicine Zhao Xiuying 2022, 42 (8):  736-739.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211220-01556 Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (800KB) ( 48 )   Training of residents and junior technicians in laboratory medicine is a typical adult education. With purpose to improve the training effect, this paper discusses how to integrate self-directed learning and experience-driven learning into curriculum implementation. Educators should carry out theoretical teaching under rule of learning cycle and involving theoretical teaching with skill training. By adopting multiple stage assessment and evaluation, we can build a reflective learning environment with equal emphasis on support and motivation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of mind mapping in clinical teaching ward rounds for standardized training of otorhinolaryngology residents Wu Shuo, Jian Feitong 2022, 42 (8):  740-743.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20220202-00131 Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (1029KB) ( 71 )   Objective To implement and evaluate mind mapping in clinical teaching ward rounds for standardized training of otorhino-laryngology residents. Methods From January 2018 to January 2022, 46 residents in the department of otolaryngology head and neck surgery at the third affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 23 in each. During clinical teaching ward rounds, the experimental group used the mind mapping method, while the control group used the classic and conventional teaching method. The effect of the two teaching methods was evaluated by case analysis examination and questionnaire survey. The chi-square test and independent samples t-test were used to analyze the data groups and measurement data groups respectively. Results The scores of case analysis test from experimental group control group were(93.30±2.62) and (82.26±2.45) respectively with statistical significance (P<0.05). The results of questionnaire survey showed that in four aspects of satisfaction evaluation from the experimental group were all significantly higher than that from the control group (P<0.05) as follows: improving clinical information collection [91.3%(21/23)vs. 60.9%(14/23)], improving clinical diagnosis and treatment [87.0%(20/23)vs. 60.9%(14/23)], establishing clinical reasoning [87.0%(20/23)vs. 56.5%(13/23)] and mobilizing the enthusiasm for discussion [91.3%(21/23)vs. 60.9%(14/23)] and there was significant difference between the groups (all P<0.05). Conclusions The application of mind mapping in teaching ward round may significantly improve the capacity building on clinical case analysis, clinical diagnosis and treatment and waken the enthusiasm to join team by resident trainees, which can facilitate the development of make the residents' clinical diagnosis and treatment capacity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Implementation and effect of the basic training program for sonographers of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology in China Wang Jingjing, Wu Qingqing 2022, 42 (8):  744-747.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211014-01267 Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (831KB) ( 25 )   Systematic ultrasound training for sonographers is essential, but the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology(ISUOG) basic training(referred to as traing) in China has not been reported yet. This paper took 30 sonographers who took part in all 3-session training from June to September 2019 as an example to describe the design and implementation of the training, to evaluate the training effect by considering the theoretical examination scores of sonographers before and after the training, to find out their satisfaction with the curriculum by questionnaire survey method, and to find out the influencing factors of their satisfaction by telephone interview of 20 of them. The results showed that the scores on the theoretical knowledge before and after training were 40(39,44) and 47(45,50), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). About 73.3% (22/30) of sonographers were satisfied with each session, and 90.0% (18/20) of sonographers interviewed believed that the training was helpful and suggested having more case presentations. The training enhanced the theoretical knowledge level of sonographers and achieved a higher degree of satisfaction, which indicated that the implementation of the training was successful. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of rural doctors' training for technology applied in health management and influencing factors Liao Kang, Feng Mei, Wang Xiaoxu, Wei Rongrong, Bai Xueting, LI Liqi 2022, 42 (8):  748-752.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211214-01527 Abstract ( 55 )   PDF (848KB) ( 35 )   Objective To evaluate the effect of rural doctors' training for health management service technology in some areas of Shanxi Province and to analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide basis for improving the quality of training program. Methods From May to September 2021, a self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 294 rural doctors who participated in the technical training for health management services targeting at major diseases in Taiyuan and Linfen, Shanxi Province in order to understand their general conditions and training effects. Logistic regression was used to analyze the survey results. Results There were 68.7% (202/294) of rural doctors' training achieved good results. There were 74.3% (130/175) of rural doctors who had obtained the qualification of practicing (assistant) doctors had a good training effect, 73.7% (98/133) of rural doctors who had completed standardized training had a good training effect, and 70.7% (195/276) of rural doctors satisfied with previous training had a good training effect. There were statistically significant differences in response layer dimension [16(16, 19) vs. 12(10,12) ] and outcome layer dimension [12(9, 12) vs. 9 (6,9)] between rural doctors with good and poor training effect (all P<0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that those who had joined the qualification training for practicing (assistant) physician (OR=0.461, 95%CI: 0.239～0.888, P < 0.05), those who had completed standardized training (OR=0.545, 95%CI: 0.310～0.956, P<0.05), those who were satisfied with previous training (OR=0.140, 95%CI: 0.045～0.435, P<0.05), and those who scored high in outcome dimension (OR=0.124, 95%CI: 0.020～0.768, P<0.05) showed a better training effect. Conclusions The training effect of health management service technology for rural doctors in some areas of Shanxi Province is satisfactory. Fail of obtaining the qualifications of practicing (assistant) physicians, of completing standardized training, negative attitude to previous training and getting low scores in the response dimension outcome dimensions are all the factors that affect the training effect of rural doctors. The training should be re-organized in a specific and scientific way to meet the needs of rural doctors of different levels, so as to improve the training effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation of decision consistency in National Medical Licensing Examination medical comprehensive examination (2016-2020) Feng Pan, Zhang Quanhui, Luo Huiqin 2022, 42 (8):  753-756.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20220107-00026 Abstract ( 48 )   PDF (821KB) ( 45 )   Decision consistency (DC) is a key index in National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE) validation. In this study, W-DC method was used to estimate DC index of medical comprehensive examination during 2016 to 2020. The results show that the lowest value of DC index coefficient is 0.826 7 and the highest one is 0.970 9. Among all types of examinations, the biggest variation between years is present in public health assistant physician test (0.144 2). The consistency of decision-making in medical comprehensive examination is good on the whole, and the examinee's actual test score is close to the qualified score, which contribute to the low DC index coefficient of individual examination. Our result provides evidence to support the interpretation and application of NMLE scores. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of evaluation based on entrustable professional activities during internship for eight-year program undergraduates of clinical medicine Wang Wei, Wu Hao, Qi Xin, Li Shan, Liu Zhaoping, Wang Ying, Li Haichao 2022, 42 (8):  757-760.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20220209-00142 Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (806KB) ( 122 )   Objective Evaluation based on entrustable professional activities(EPAs)was implemented for eight-year program undergraduates of clinical medicine during the period of internship in order to find the deficiencies in clinical training. Methods Fifty students of grade 2017 who were trained as internship in Peking University First Hospital were enrolled in the research. A questionnaire survey was carried out for self-assessment and trainer's EPAs-based evaluation. Wilcoxon test was applied for comparing the self-assessment and trainer's evaluation.The proportion of each EPAs item reached level 3 or above and the proportion that could not be evaluated were calculated. Results Results of most items of self-assessment were consistent with trainer's evaluation, such as EPA1 (gathering history and performing physical examination during patient encounter), EPA5 (prepare and complete medical documents), and EPA6 (provide oral presentation of a case or a clinical encounter), which were all 3(3,4). Significant difference was found between self-assessment and trainer's evaluation in several items such as EPA10 (obtaining informed consent for clinical tests and/or procedures) which was 3 (3,4) and 3 (2,3) respectively (P < 0.05),. The proportion of items such as EPA1、EPA5、EPA6 which were clearly required by clinical practice training rated as level 3 or above was high in both self-assessment and trainer's evaluation, which were 100.0% and 88.2%, 94.0% and 91.8%, 90.0% and 91.8% respectively. The proportion of items such as EPA8 ( identification of clinical emergency and critical illness and providing initial management)、EPA9 ( transit and hand over the patient) rated as level 3 or above was low in both self-assessment and trainer's evaluation which were 30.0% and 43.6%, 50.0% and 51.8% respectively. Conclusions The eight-year program students of clinical medicine basically meet the requirements of clinical practice training, and evaluation results of EPAs items showed the distance to the entrance standards of residents' training. It is suggested to improve clinical practice training to support the promote the transition from school education to post-graduate medical education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of an evaluation index system for online teaching quality in medical colleges Liu Kuikui, Zhang Xiaoli, Li Dan 2022, 42 (8):  761-764.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211012-01261 Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (786KB) ( 104 )   Objective To construct a set of index for online teaching quality evaluation in medical schools. Methods From July 2020 to 2021 October,an index system was constructed through literature research, semi-structured interview and Delphi expert consultation. The weight coefficients of the index for first-grade, second-grade and the third-grade was calculated by order diagram and percentage weight. Results The recovery rate of two rounds of expert consultation letters was 100.0% and the coefficient of authority of the first and second rounds of expert letters was 0.945. The coefficient of coordination of expert opinions reached 0.471 and 0.476, respectively. The result of kendall's concordance coefficient W test showed significant difference (all P<0.001). The adjusted and optimized online teaching quality evaluation index system consisted of 3 first-level indexes, 9 second-level indexes and 30 third-level indexes. Conclusions The online teaching quality evaluation index system is reliable and scientific, and can be used as a reference tool for teaching quality evaluation in medical colleges. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status and referential value of integrated 6-year cardiothoracic surgical residency program in the United States Ma Liang, Zhang Yiran 2022, 42 (8):  765-768.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211214-01531 Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (927KB) ( 60 )   The training period of cardiothoracic surgeon is relatively long, thus it is very important to set up a standardized specialist training system for cardiothoracic surgeon. Integrated 6-year cardiothoracic surgical residency program (I-6 program) was initiated in United States in 2007 In terms of subject setting. The present article reviews and analyze the current status of I-6 training model in the United States in the aspects of rotation plan, case requirement, theoretical training, skill training and evaluation system. This model may improve the cardiothoracic surgeon specialist training system in China from aspects such as training subjects arrangement, evaluation system, and teaching resource, which can minimize the regional differences found in clinical capacity of medical quality of cardiothoracic surgeons in China and enhance the overall technical level of cardiothoracic surgery in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics