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Exploration on the talent training mode characterized by integration of production with education and medicine in bio-pharmaceutical major Jin Zi, Huang Zhifeng 2022, 42 (6):  481-484.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211108-01368 Abstract ( 236 )   PDF (863KB) ( 168 )   The bio-pharmaceutical industry is an emerging industry related to the national economy development and people's welfare training, bio-pharmaceutical talents with competence in scientific research and development of innovative medical products is a necessary requirement for the transformation of pharmaceutical industry from imitation to innovation. At present, there are still many challenges in the talent training in the field of bio-pharmaceutical major, such as the disconnection from the research and development of innovative products, insufficient collaboration of school with enterprise and weakness in the faculty team development. Wenzhou Medical University has created a talent training mode characterized by combination of industrial production, faculty development and medical education in bio-pharmaceutical major from following aspects: curriculum system construction, base and teacher construction, and innovation and entrepreneurship education. This mode has improved the development of pharmaceutical specialty and related talent training and our experience can be shared by other schools for the cultivation of competent bio-pharmaceutical innovative talents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis on professional sense and employment of students majoring in rehabilitation in Shaanxi Province Niu Yuhong, Feng Caili, Feng Hao 2022, 42 (6):  485-489.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210823-01061 Abstract ( 127 )   PDF (839KB) ( 66 )   Objective To understand the professional sense of students majoring in rehabilitation in Shaanxi Province and to guide students' career planning and support their employment. Methods From December 2020 to January 2021, 320 rehabilitation interns in Shaanxi Province were investigated by questionnaire which covered their professional attitude and employment after graduation. Descriptive statistics and χ2 Analysis were applied for data treatment. Results In terms of professional cognition and attitude, the main factors influencing for students choice of major are personal interest, parents' opinions and employment opportunity. These factors take 82.4%(257/312) of the factors for students to make decision of learning this speciality. There are 96.2%(300/312) of the students have a litmusless attitude towards their major. In terms of occupation intention, 73.4%(229/312) of students believe that employment is not easy. There are 90.1%(281/312) of students having a clear employment direction. In terms of career planning, 60.3%(188/312) of students prefer to work in rehabilitation institutions. The proportion of boys who choose “difficult to be employed” is lower than that of girls [64.5% (80/124) vs. 79.3% (149/188)], and the proportion of boys who choose “easy to be employed” is higher than that of girls [29.8% (37/124) vs. 18.6% (35/188), P=0.012]. Conclusions The internal factors facilitating students' employment are practical skills and positive professional sense. Disadvantage factors are high employment expectation and unclear career planning. External opportunity factor is the need of “Healthy China” policy and social development. The threat factors are increasing requirement of education experience and academic degree, and gender discrimination. Schools should pay attention to students' understanding on specialty and to professional ideological education so to guide and encourage graduates to be engaged in community rehabilitation work. The employer institutions should optimize the working environment and develop policy to support career development of employees. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative analysis of researches published in Chinese and in English: trends and hotspots in medical humanities education from 2011 to 2021 Fan Xinyue, Cui Lei, Shao Chunying, Chi Xinshu, Guo Jiaqi, Zhang Shanshan, Li Yu'nan, Yang Qing 2022, 42 (6):  490-495.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211028-01325 Abstract ( 180 )   PDF (1039KB) ( 162 )   Objective To analyze and compare the research trends and hotspots in medical humanities education from papers published in Chinese and English to provide references for in-depth research of medical humanities education in China. Methods Through reviewing literatures from database of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and PubMed database,the papers related to medical humanities education were retrieved from January 1,2011 to December 31,2021. Bibliometric methods were used to analyze the trend of research, Co-occurrence of high-frequency Mesh/keywords, research hotspots, and then compared research hotspots as well as research orientations. Results A total of 3 028 English literatures and 1 837 Chinese literatures were reviewed. The establishment of a medical humanities curriculum system and the cultivation of a patient-centered medical humanistic spirit are common research hotspots in the researches published in Chinese and in English. Medical ethics covered by medical humanities education is found to be the core theme of researches published in English. Humanities education during the pandemic of COVID-19 is an emerging theme to the research on medical education in English-speaking countries. The research hotspot published in Chinese is humanities education for the trainees of standardized resident training program. More attention should be paid to the reformation of medical humanities courses and of training methods. Conclusions The research on medical humanities education in papers published in Chinese and in English are significantly different. Research on medical humanities curriculum development, the education of medical ethics and humanities for medical students during the pandemic begins earlier than that found in papers published in Chinese. The research content is more abundant than that found in Chinese papers. The result may redound to the researches in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Explore of scientific research training of 4+4 medical doctor program throughout the whole process in Peking Union Medical College Jin Jing, Xu Weiwei, Ma Chao, Yang Ping, Zhang Qin 2022, 42 (6):  496-499.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211118-01411 Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (818KB) ( 110 )   Scientific research training is an important way to cultivate clinical medical students' scientific thinking and innovation ability. Scientific research training throughout the whole process can guide students to contact scientific research as soon as possible and increase their time for independent research. This paper takes the scientific research training of 4+4 medical doctor program in Peking Union Medical College as an example, expounds the training design and implementation process, and evaluates the teaching effect through the examination, interview with teachers and students and questionnaire survey. The results showed that 92.9% (39/42) of students achieved excellent performance in the first academic year, Among the 17 students who participated in the second-year scientific research training assessment, 15 students achieved excellent results. Interviews showed that 80.0% (24/30) of the students believed that the whole process of scientific research training could improve their scientific research ability; 6 out of 10 tutors believed that the full scientific research training can help students identify the direction of research as early as possible. According to the questionnaire survey, 95.5% (64/67) students participated in at least one scientific research project, 90.6% (58/64) students participated in the scientific research project before junior year (including junior year), and 71.9% (46/64) participated in teacher's scientific research project; 96.7% (62/64) students wanted training in clinical study design and 92.2% (59/64) students wanted training in topic design guidance. The scientific research training throughout the whole course of 4+4 medical doctor program helps students to clarify the scientific research direction as soon as possible and improve their scientific research ability. In the future training arrangement, it can further provide training on scientific research design, so as to comprehensively nourish students' scientific research ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intervention to job burnout of clinical teachers by Balint group activity Song Yan 2022, 42 (6):  500-504.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211128-01456 Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (836KB) ( 79 )   Objective To evaluate the intervention effect of Balint group activity model in clinical teachers with job burnout. Methods From September 2019 to December 2020, 56 clinical teachers from Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 28 in each by random number table method. The experimental group was supplemented with Balint group activity on the basis of traditional education, and the control group received education with traditional pathway. The indexes of job burnout, empathy and training satisfaction ratio from clinical teachers in two groups were compared after teaching activities. The differences between groups were statistically analyzed by t-test and Fisher's precision probability test. Results The scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low sense of achievement from clinical teachers in the experimental group were significantly different from those in the control group [(2.02 ± 0.15) vs. (4.08 ± 0.39), (2.45 ± 0.07) vs. (3.28 ± 1.24), (4.36 ± 0.41) vs. (2.74 ± 1.36), all P< 0.001]. The scores of transposition thinking, emotional nursing, viewpoint selection and the total score of empathy capacity in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(12.65 ± 1.74) vs. (8.47 ± 1.29), (50.55 ± 3.25) vs. (43.26 ± 3.92), (61.25 ± 4.32) vs. (49.26 ± 3.98), (124.45 ± 9.31) vs. (100.99 ± 9.19), all P< 0.001]. The training satisfaction ratio from clinical teachers in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group [100.0%(28/28)vs.75.0%(21/28), P＝0.047]. Conclusions Implementation of Balint group model not only alleviates job burnout of clinical teachers but also improves the sense of professional identity and encourages capacity building of empathy, which may improve teachers' self-development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on influencing factors of psychological distress of medical graduates An Hengqing, Saimaitikari·Abudoubari, Mei Yujie, Tao Ning 2022, 42 (6):  505-509.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211203-01484 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (1041KB) ( 68 )   Objective To explore the influencing factors of psychological distress of medical graduates by structural equation model and to support mental intervention for medical graduates. Methods A total of 493 graduates enrolled in 2021 by Xinjiang Medical University were investigated from September to November 2021. The structural equation model of influencing factors of psychological distress of medical graduates was constructed. Results The results showed that 493 medical postgraduates' psychological distress score (8.00±8.86), total stress score (14.99±13.82) and psychological capital score (123.61±22.13). The results showed that the highest impact on psychological distress was total stress with total effect as 0.848(P<0.001). The second was the satisfaction with the major and the total effect was 0.633(P<0.001). Other influencing factors were ranked with importance from top to bottom were personality, psychological capital and motivation for graduate study. The total effects were -0.119(P<0.001), -0.076(P<0.001) and 0.053(P<0.001) respectively. Conclusions The total pressure and satisfaction with their majors are important ones. The mental health education for medical graduates needs to pay attention to psychological intervention from the aspects of stress reception and to support their career development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of mental health status and influencing factors of pediatric resident trainees Li Xiaomin , Zhao Xiu, Zhou Zhenhui, Qiao Chunxi , Zhang Wenyu , Su Zhe 2022, 42 (6):  510-514.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211020-01291 Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (843KB) ( 74 )   Objective To understand the current mental health status of pediatric resident trainees receiving standardized resident training and to explore the influencing factors. Methods The survey used a cross-section questionnaire based on Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). In November 2021, the questionnaires were distributed to 326 pediatric resident trainees who received standardized resident training in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from 2018 to 2021. The survey data were analyzed by t-test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and logistic regression analysis. Results The total score of SCL-90 from the trainees was (127.6±34.4). The percentage of resident trainees with total score was more than 160 was 1.6% (5/311) and the percentage of trainees with positive items more than 43 was 2.6% (8/311). Among the factors, the positive rate of obsessive symptoms was the highest [46.9% (146/311)], followed by depression [28.0% (87/311)] and interpersonal sensitivity [24.1% (75/311)]. The score of obsessive symptom in socially recruited pediatric resident trainees (1.6±0.5) was significantly higher than that of postgraduates (1.5±0.6), P=0.044. The score of interpersonal sensitivity in trainees with community experience (1.3±0.4) was significantly lower than that of those without community experience (1.4±0.5), P=0.038. All scores from Grade 2020 trainees were significantly lower than those from trainees of Grade 2018 and 2019: the total score (116.2±21.9), (134.1±40.3) and (132.0±34.8); the score of obsessive symptoms (1.4±0.4), (1.7±0.7) and (1.6±0.3); depression (1.2±0.4), (1.5±0.4) and (1.5±0.5); interpersonal sensitivity (1.2±0.3), (1.4±0.3) and (1.4±0.3); anxiety (1.2±0.1), (1.4±0.4) and (1.4±0.5), all P<0.05. Multivariate analysis suggested that the grade (OR=1.813, 95%CI: 1.805-1.862) was a risk factor in mental health of pediatric resident trainees. Conclusions The mental health status of pediatric resident trainees is generally poor and the grade is the main influencing factor of their mental health. More attention should be paid to the mental health of trainees in the standardized resident training program. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and evaluation of empathic experience-based learning in the pain medicine Liu Yiming, Li Jun, Zhang Tingjie, Feng Yi 2022, 42 (6):  515-518.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211111-01387 Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (820KB) ( 86 )   Objective To implement and evaluate empathic experience-based learning in the pain medicine. Methods From January 2020 to August 2021, forty-eight resident trainees and visiting scholars (hereinafter referred to as trainees) were recruited from the Department of Pain Medicine of Peking University People's Hospital. Using the method of random control table, the trainees were divided into experimental group and control group with 24 in each. The experimental group was trained with empathy experience-based learning method, the control group adopted traditional teaching method. Evaluation of learning outcomes was carried out in the form of theoretical examination and Interpersonal Reactivity Index-C (IRI-C), and the teaching satisfaction evaluation was collected. The score results were statistically analyzed by t-test. Results The theoretical test scores of the trainees in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [(95.1±3.4) vs. (89.0±4.1), P<0.001]. The scores of all dimensions of IRI-C of the trainees in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [such as viewpoint selection (16.2±2.2) vs. (14.3±2.8), imagination (20.5±2.3) vs. (17.8±2.9), all P<0.05]. The teaching satisfaction evaluation scores of the trainees in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [such as stimulating learning interest (94.8±4.1) vs. (87.0±5.0), clinical thinking capacity (93.3±3.6) vs. (83.1±5.3), all P<0.001]. Conclusions The effect of empathic experience-based learning in the pain medicine is better than traditional teaching method, which improves trainees' mastery of theoretical knowledge and teaching satisfaction, and so supports the building of trainees' empathic capacity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of SETD teaching mode in the course of homeostasia and trauma management Zheng Lijuan, Chen Zixu, Han Xing, Tang Xiaohong, He Jinshen 2022, 42 (6):  519-522.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211201-01474 Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (795KB) ( 83 )   Situation-evidence-team-development (SETD) is a new teaching mode created by surgical teaching and research department in The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The goal of this teaching method was to stimulate students' learning interest and to improve the quality of skill training in a short term course. This study took the stop the bleed (STB) training in surgery for five-year program non-clinical medicine undergraduates as an example. The article described the design and implementation of STB training based on SETD teaching method. The learning outcomes were evaluated by examination score and questionnaires survey before and after the training. The results showed that the excellent rate (≥80 points) of the theoretical examination reached 92.6%(50/54) and the passing rate (≥60 points) was 100.0%(54/54); Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the differences between students' confidence level on homostasis skill before and after the training. The results showed that students' confidence level raised from (3.96±0.69) to (3.22±1.21) in pressure homostasia, from (4.07±0.86) to (2.78±1.22) in bandage homeostasia and from (4.09±0.76) to (2.67±1.33) in tourniquet homostasia respectively. The difference were all statistically significant (all P<0.001). In conclusion, the SETD teaching method can ensure the effectiveness of theoretical learning while improving students' confidence level in hemostasis skills, thus enhancing the overall effect of short-term skills training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of hand-imaging-foot method in orthopedic theory teaching Li Qiang, Zhao Jianmin, Liu Rui, Liu Yaou, Xu Yafei, Mo Weipeng, Hao Xiaodong 2022, 42 (6):  523-526.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211111-01386 Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (1261KB) ( 63 )   Objective To explore the effectiveness of teaching method of hand-imaging foot in the teaching of orthopedics thoery. Methods In 2017, eighty undergraduates of five-year program of clinical medicine from Inner Mongolia Medical University were selected as the study subjects. The students were divided into an experimental group and a control group by random number table method and with 40 in each. The hand simulating foot method, which was applied to the experimental group, and the classic teaching methodwas applied to the control group. After class, the two groups of students were evaluated for their learning outcomes and mastery of theoretical knowledge. χ2 test and t test were used to compare the score of satisfaction with teaching method from two groups. Results The satisfaction score from experimental group was (39.85±2.64), which was higher than that of control group(34.78±1.78) (P<0.001). The score of theoretical examination from experimental group was (80.28±8.20),which was higher than that from the control group (75.58±7.50) (P=0.009). Conclusions applied to the teaching of orthopedic theory, can improve students' grasp of the theoretical knowledge of orthopedics and obtain good teaching effects. The method named hand imaging foot applied to the teaching of orthopedic theory, can improve students' grasp of the theoretical knowledge of orthopedics and obtain good teaching effects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of “AMU cloud teaching” platform and its application in medical cell biology teaching Li Yuhong, Yang Jin, Wang Yun, Gao Qiangguo, Guo Haiying, Xing Yizhan 2022, 42 (6):  527-530.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211102-01340 Abstract ( 44 )   PDF (814KB) ( 44 )   With advancement of the national strategy for information technology-based education, the teaching remodeling assisted by information technology has become an inevitable trend. The Department of Cell Biology at the Army Medical University developed a mutual interaction tool with We-chat technology named AMU cloud platform which provides service for information sharing and online discussion. This article introduces the design, function and application of the platform in the teaching of medical cell biology. The teaching effects are evaluated by questionnaire survey, score of examination and faculty's interview. The results showed that all teachers and 90.1%(272/302) students were satisfied with the teaching effect of implemented on the platform, the excellent (with score of examination over 75) rate reaches 78.1% (236/302).The development and application of AMU cloud teaching platform effectively assisted the teaching of medical cell biology, and provides a reference for the design of information-based teaching of other courses in medical colleges and universities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of urological multimedia simulation technology based internship teaching method Fan Yu, Li Xiang, Zhang Chao, Zeng Duo, Pu Dan, Wang Kunjie 2022, 42 (6):  531-535.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211025-01310 Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (808KB) ( 69 )   Objective To evaluate the application of urological multimedia simulation technology (MST) based teaching method (UMST). Methods From May 18, 2020 to August 31, 2021, 202 internship trainees in urology department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University were included. The interns were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with one hundred and one in each. UMST training was used in experimental group and classic training was used in control group. The score of clinical performance, direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS), satisfaction questionnaire score and the correlation between operation score of mould operation and DOPS score in experimental group were compared and analyzed. T-test were used for measurement data. Results The scores of written examinations [(17.29±1.01) vs. (16.57±1.30)], DOPS scores [(7.14±0.36 ) vs. (6.76±0.33)] and internship satisfaction scores [(26.11±2.49) vs. (25.34±2.00)] from experimental group were all significantly higher than those from the control group(all P<0.05). Conclusions Urological multimedia simulation technology based teaching method can improve the clinical skills of interns, promote their mastery of clinical knowledge and maximize their learning outcomes as well as satisfaction with internship training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of digital tissue microarray in the experiment course of gastritis and gastric cancer pathology Zeng Zhi, Wang Xuming, Huang Yabing, Huang Wenting, Zhan Na, Wu Hao, Yan Honglin, Zhu Guihua, Yuan Jingping 2022, 42 (6):  536-540.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20220117-00063 Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (830KB) ( 59 )   Objective To explore the application of digital tissue microarray in the experimental course of gastritis and gastric cancer pathology. Methods In September 2020, 76 students of clinical medicine enrolled in 2017 from the First Clinical College of Wuhan University were selected as the research objects and divided into experimental group and control group with 38 in each by random number table method. In the experimental course of gastritis and gastric cancer pathology, the experimental group was trained with digital tissue microarray assistant method, and the control group accepted classic method with tissue slice microscopy. The difference of teaching effects between the two groups was evaluated by film reading examination. The students in the experimental group were investigated and interviewed about the satisfaction from the new teaching method. The statistical significance of the total test scores between two groups was compared by the t-test. Results The total test scores of the students in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [(91.05±8.63) vs. (78.95±9.06)] and the scores of students mastering tumor biological behavior were significantly improved in the former [(36.32±4.89) vs. (27.37±4.46)], all P< 0.05. The results of satisfaction survey and interview showed that the new method significantly promoted the learning of pathology related clinical knowledge and patho-morphology and reduced the difficulty of students in laboratory operation of experimental course. Conclusions The teaching mode supported by digital tissue microarray can improve the teaching effect of pathological experiment course on gastritis and gastric cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of online teaching method based on leadership life cycle theory in pediatrics teaching Wang Jiao, Song Hanjun, Zhang Lihai , Wang Xianhe, Zhang Yang, Jiang Xiaoxue 2022, 42 (6):  541-544.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211125-01440 Abstract ( 83 )   PDF (821KB) ( 67 )   Objective To explore the application effect of online teaching method based on leadership life cycle theory in pediatrics teaching. Methods One hundred and twenty undergraduates from five-year program who accepted the teaching of pediatric theory on network platform in the autumn semester of 2020 and the spring semester of 2021 were selected as the research objects. Students were divided into two groups with 60 in each following school regular squad division. That means, 60 students in class 2 as the test group and 60 students in class 1 as control group. The test group implemented the teaching based on situational leadership theory plus classic teaching and the control group accepted only classic teaching. The scores of the two groups of students after teaching were compared, and the Self Rating Scale of Self-Directed Learning and the College Students' Self-Management Scale were used to investigate the learning capacity and self-management capacity of the two groups of students. The t-test was used to analyze the differences between the two groups in test scores and scale scores. Results The basic knowledge test scores (82.59±7.18) in the chapters of “growth and development” and "neonatal and neonatal diseases" in pediatrics and the related theoretical test scores (85.64±7.26) of neonatal resuscitation and physical examination of children in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [(76.29±6.58) and (80.57±6.24)], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The total score of learning capacity of the students in the experimental group was higher than that of the students in the control group [(230.11±23.13) vs. (206.36±20.27)], and the scores of self-management capacity such as learning behavior were higher than that of the students in the control group [(3.51±0.55) vs. (3.26±0.31)], and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions The application of the teaching method based on the leadership life cycle theory in online pediatrics teaching can effectively improve students' learning outcomes and strengthen students' capacity building of self-directed learning and self-management. This result can be shared by other schools or healthcare institutions.     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the effect of combining standardized training for professional degree candidates and for residents in the field of ultrasound medicine Wu Xining, Zhang Yixiu, Li Jianchu, Wang Yahong, Ouyang Yunshu, Meng Hua, Jiang Yuxin 2022, 42 (6):  545-549.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211216-01535 Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (808KB) ( 70 )   Objective To analyze the effect of combining standardized training for professional degree candidates and resident trainees engaged in ultrasound medicine, so as to provide reference for the establishment of scientific and reasonable training mode. Methods In August 2021, 26 professional degree candidates and 44 resident trainees(19 with bachelor degree, 25 with master degree)who got standardized training at the ultrasonography department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2014 to 2017 were selected as subjects. Through setting up individual training objectives and diversified teaching courses and conducting regular feedback for evaluation, the hierarchical and advanced training mode for resident trainees was carried out. The stage assessment results and the passing rate of Beijing graduation examination were analyzed as indicators to evaluate training effect. The Mann-Whitney U test or the Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results In stage assessment, there was no significant difference in the total scores between the professional degree candidates and resident trainees [573.75(55.50) vs. 569.75(89.00), P=0.496]. The scores of the professional degree candidates in operating skills [86.00(9.25) vs. 80.00(12.00),P=0.032], abdominal case reading [89.00(10.25) vs. 76.00 (27.00), P=0.005], cardiac and peripheral vascular case reading [91.00(18.00) vs. 71.00 (31.00), P<0.001] and their total scores [573.75(55.50) vs. 533.00(72.00),P=0.001] were significantly higher than those of the 19 residents with bachelor degree. There was no significant difference between the pass rate of the professional degree candidates [92.3% (24/26)] and of resident trainees [81.8%( 36/44)] (P=0.303), but the pass rate of the professional degree candidates was significantly higher than that of 19 resident trainees with bachelor degree (14/19) (P< 0.001). Conclusions The overall training effect of professional degree candidates in ultrasound medicine is equivalent to the resident trainees. The training of resident trainees with bachelor degree needs further attention and strengthening. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of standardized training and assessment model for residents in obstetrics and gynecology based on entrustable professional activities Lyu Tao, Liu Jun, Liu Ying, Wang Xiaoqian, Zeng Zhen, Feng Yanyan, Feng Zonghao, Chen Huayun, Zhang Lei, Huang Zhenyu 2022, 42 (6):  550-553.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20220310-00294 Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (783KB) ( 160 )   The standardized residency training of obstetrics and gynecology clinicians is very important for their career development, so it is necessary to define quantitatively the clinical competency for the training according to the growth pattern and to develop a feasible training/assessment model matching disciplinary characteristics. Based on entrustable professional activities(EPA), an assessment model for a hierarchical and quantifiable standardized residency training in obstetrics and gynecology has been established. The model includes 37 training contents, and each of them has different trust level for residents with different competency and seniority. The assessment platform is used for real-time assessment as well as feedback and the training contents and methods are improved according to the feedback from the trainees. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A cross-sectional survey of standardized resident training teachers in anesthesia in Beijing Ju Hui, Tang Zhiyu, Han Qiaoyu, Feng Yi 2022, 42 (6):  554-557.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211203-01482 Abstract ( 63 )   PDF (790KB) ( 61 )   Objective To investigate the current status of standardized resident training teachers in anesthesia in Beijing in order to strengthen the faculty training in future. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was distributed to all 17 standardized resident training institutions in Beijing in April 2019. Totally 588 attending anesthesiologists were covered who were asked to report their training experience and how familiar they were with the requirements of the standardized resident training. SPSS software and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Chi-square was used to compare the Categorical variables. Results The results showed that 26.7%(157/588) of them did not receive standardized resident training themselves and only 78.4%(461/588) of them received hospital-based faculty training. There were no standardized teaching materials for resident training and the percentages of “very familiar” were significantly lower in five subspeciaties, cardiac anesthesia[35.4%(208/588)]; acute pain management[41.2%(242/588)]; pain clinic and ward[22.3%(131/588)]; intensive care unit[21.9%(129/588)]; pediatric anesthesia[ 45.1%(265/588)] and in one anesthesia method-nerve block[57.7%(339/588)] than other subspecialties of anesthesia methods (P<0.001). The percentages of standardized resident training teachers who carried out research, teaching skills and medical English training were relatively low, which were 55.6%(327/588), 64.8%(381/588) and 50.2%(295/588) respectively. Conclusions Faculty training is in need in standardized resident training teachers, and percentage of receiving faculty training needs to be improved. The current study found out some weakness in anesthesia subspecialties and one anesthesia method, which will be the targets of further faculty training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the correlation between the results of the annual clinic competency test and the final examination for residents in Beijing Zeng Qingqi, Wang Jianliu, Liu Jing, Chang Lianfang, Gao Jie 2022, 42 (6):  558-562.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20220119-00076 Abstract ( 134 )   PDF (841KB) ( 104 )   Objective By analyzing whether there is a correlation between the results of the annual clinic competency test and the final examination for residents in Beijing, to assess the validity of the annual clinic competency test, and to provide reference for early identification of residents with poor competency and targeted training. Methods Based on Kane's validity framework, 2 745 residents' results of the 2020 annual clinic competency test, which were expressed by the percentile of the national residents in the same specialty, and the 2021 final examination, which expressed by a pass or fail and including a theoretical assessment and an Objective structured clinical skills exam, were analyzed for the correlation by Cochran-armitage trend test and logistic regression model. Results The residents' national percentile of the annual clinic competency test score was 72.4% (43.4%, 90.8%), and pass rate of the final theory examination, skills examination and entirety were 95.9% (2 632/2 745), 96.2% (2 641/2 745) and 93.3% (2 560/2 745). After grouping according to the percentile of annual clinic competency test scores, pass rate of the theoretical examination, skill examination and entirety were statistically different between different groups [such as those pass rate of residents in the >90%-100% group vs. those in the 0-10% group: 99.9%(722/723) vs. 73.6%(89/121), 99.2%(717/723) vs. 85.1%(103/121), 99.0%(716/723)vs. 68.6%(83/121),all P＜0.001]. The results of logistic regression showed that, compared with the 0-10% group, the other groups had a significant increase in passing rate of the theoretical examination, skill examination and entirety, with statistical differences [such as the residents in the >90%-100% group, the probability of pass rate of theoretical examination, skill examination and entirety were 204.63 times and 18.02 times and 37.08 times of those in the 0-10% group, all P<0.001]. Conclusions There is a positive association between the results of the annual clinic competency test and the final examination for residents in Beijing,which means the annual business level test is a valid evaluation tool. More attentions should be paid to the application of the results of the annual clinic competency test, and the quality of training should be improved through targeted guidance and feedback. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the results of clinical skill competition by undergraduates in Qingdao University from 2014 to 2019 Wang Yuansong, Wang Jing, Yang Yongjie, Liu Chengyu 2022, 42 (6):  563-567.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211115-01399 Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (842KB) ( 78 )   Objective To analyze the results of clinical skill competitions by medical students in Qingdao University from 2014 to 2019,in order to provide reference for improving teaching effect of clinical skill. Methods The data analysis covered the results from 6 competitions with 2 419 undergraduates of 5-year program and of “5+3” program from 9 clinical medical schools of Qingdao University during the period 2009 to 2014 and a questionnaire survey was carried out in 600 competition team members and 120 referees. The ANOVA was used to analyze the loss of points at each station of the 6 competitions, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the trend of the change of points lost with the competitions year. Results The number of medical students participating in the 1st to 6th competitions accounted for 24.8%(600/2 419) of the total number of medical student. From the 1st to the 6th competition, the points lost at each station gradually decreased, for example the lost score of history taking decreased from 29.50 ± 9.85 down to 25.50 ± 6.43, 18.50 ± 6.26,16.50 ± 4.74,15.50 ± 3.69 and finally to 13.00 ± 3.50 (all P＜0.05), the points lost in each competition station show a decreasing trend with the change of the year(r＝－0.436～-0.754,all P＜0.05); Compared with other competition stations, the comprehensive skills station lost the most points. Take the example of the second competition, the lost score was concentrated in the comprehensive skills (37.50±10.07) , obstetrics and pediatrics technology (21.50±7.47), puncture technology (26.00±8.10), surgical technology (25.00±7.82), emergency technology (23.50±7.47), physical examination (22.50±6.35), case analysis station(25.00±4.08) and history taking (25.50±6.43 )(all P＜0.05).There was also a significant difference in the average loss points of different organizations of competition teams. For example in the fifth competition, the scores from randomly selected team members (26.33±10.08), from recommended plus random hybrid team members (15.67±4.17) and from recommended team members (8.33±4.42) were significantly different (all P＜0.05). The questionnaire collected from 120 referees showed that the top reasons for losting score were the standardization and proficiency of the operation[70.8%(85/120)]. Conclusions The results of the medical students' clinical skill competition have been improved year by year and the scores from recommended team members were higher than those from the random team members and the recommended plus random hybrid team members. The competition is one of the important methods to consolidate and improve the clinical practice capacity of medical students. It is suggested that more students should be invited to join the competitions in future and school authority should pay more attention to the regular training of clinical skills of medical undergraduates. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experience and enlightenment of palliative care physician certification in some countries and regions Yu Yueming, Ning Xiaohong 2022, 42 (6):  568-572.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211106-01364 Abstract ( 57 )   PDF (811KB) ( 45 )   Palliative care physician certification puts forward the basic competences of physicians, which is of great significance in standardizing palliative clinical practice and discipline development. Most countries with higher level of palliative care discipline have established official certification system, but the challenges from long term training cycle and lack of palliative care specialists, which have brought shortage of palliative care specialists. This paper presents the similarities and differences in palliative care certification from some countries and regions and reviews the barriers that must overcome to establish certification system, in order to bring enlightenment for the development of palliative care in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The enlightenment from the spaced learning model for medical education in foreign countries Chen Bing, Huang Yan, Huang He 2022, 42 (6):  573-576.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211202-01480 Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (793KB) ( 122 )   Spaced learning is an effective teaching method that promotes long-term preservation of knowledge and technology of medical science. This paper presents the development of spaced learning, its medical application and predicaments in foreign countries; and suggests to expand its application in China's medical education system through standardizing its definition, exploring the best spaced learning methods for all majors and levels, multi-dimensional evaluation of learning outcomes focusing on the long-term effects, and integrating humanistic knowledge into medical education in the way of spaced learning, so as to support a persistent development of health-care service in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics