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A study on changes in the enrollment scale of undergraduate clinical medicine majors in medical colleges Wang Dan, Yu Chen, Xie A'na 2022, 42 (5):  385-389.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210718-00904 Abstract ( 194 )   PDF (812KB) ( 164 )   Objective To analyze the change of enrollment scale of clinical medicine after the merger of medical colleges into universities and provide reference for policy development. Methods The sixty-eight colleges included in the study were divided into 27 merged medical colleges and 41 independent medical colleges based on whether they had undergone the merger. Using the method of descriptive statistics, the annual average enrollment size and the enrollment growth rate of different types of medical colleges from 1998 to 2010 and from 2015 to 2019 are calculated respectively, and the annual average growth rate of enrollment size is discussed by geographic region and college level. Results From 1998 to 2010, the enrollment scale of undergraduate medical education in independent medical colleges showed a continuous increase with the annual growth rate of 9.3%. From 2015 to 2019, the enrollment extension slowed down with an average annual growth rate of 3.3%. However, the enrollment scale of undergraduate medical education in the merged medical colleges has remained relatively stable over the years with annual growth rate around 1.0%. In recent years, the average enrollment size by independent medical colleges has reached twice of that by merged medical colleges. Conclusions The growth rate and enrollment number of the merged medical colleges are much lower than that of the independent medical colleges. Based on the comprehensive consideration of the factors on geographic region and college level, it is necessary to encourage merged medical colleges to expand the enrollment based on education resources. What's more, independent medical colleges should receive more resources while controlling the size of single-site enrollment to alleviate the uneven development between colleges and regions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the relationship between education quality and major satisfaction based on clinical medical students' perception Chen Tianzhi, You You 2022, 42 (5):  390-394.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210816-01022 Abstract ( 134 )   PDF (842KB) ( 137 )   Objective To analyzes the possible shortcomings of undergraduate clinical medical education in X university from the perspective of clinical medical students, so as to provide reference for improving the quality of undergraduate clinical medical education and the major satisfaction of clinical medical students. Methods In June 2019, a questionnaire survey was used to analyze the perceived quality and satisfaction of 181 students majoring in clinical medicine in 2014 of X university. Factor analysis is used to reduce the dimension of specific indicators included in perceived quality to obtain common factors, and the corresponding factor scores are calculated. The common factors are named “clinical stage courses, teachers and practice”, “clinical stage assessment and hospital atmosphere”, “pre-clinical stage courses,”, “pre-clinical stage teachers”, “pre-clinical stage assessment” and “problem-based learning (PBL)”, which are the six dimensions of perceived quality. The mean is used to describe the current situation of students' major satisfaction and its evaluation of the overall and various dimensions of perceived quality, and the dimensions of perceived quality are ranked in descending order based on the mean; Multiple linear regression is used to analyze the impact of each dimension of perceived quality on major satisfaction, and the dimensions of perceived education quality are ranked in descending order based on the standard regression coefficient. Results The major satisfaction score of medical students is 3.56, and the overall score of perceived quality is 3.65. The highest score of each dimension of perceived quality is “clinical stage courses, teachers and practice” (3.89), and the lowest is “pre-clinical stage courses” (3.24). Regression analysis showed that R2 was 0.528, and all dimensions of perceived education quality had a statistically significant positive impact on major satisfaction (all P<0.05). Among them, the “pre-clinical courses” (0.438) had the highest standard regression coefficient. Conclusions Clinical medical students of X university evaluated the quality of education in clinical stage better than that in pre-clinical stage, and “pre-clinical stage courses” had the lowest evaluation. Regression analysis showed that the influence of perceived quality of education on student satisfaction in pre-clinical stage was greater than that in clinical stage, and the first influencing factor was “pre-clinical stage courses”. X university should pay attention to the needs of students, listen to their opinions, focus on the improvement of the quality of pre-clinical courses, and take improvement measures in PBL teaching, scientific research training and curriculum integration. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bibliometric analysis of 100 excellent papers in medical education in China from 2017 to 2019 Zhu Dantong, Chang Xing, Li Yue, Wei Yizhen, Shi Yuxi, Jia Xueyan, He Zitang, Luo Linzhi 2022, 42 (5):  395-399.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211021-01297 Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (2845KB) ( 108 )   Objective To analyze the characteristics, keyword clustering and topics of 300 excellent papers in the field of medical education in China from 2017 to 2019, so as to provide suggestions for the development of medical education research. Methods From August to October in 2021, bibliometric analysis of 300 excellent papers was implemented to construe funding , language, publishing journal and institutions and keywords were clustered. Results Among the 300 excellent papers, 63.0 % (189/300) papers were supported by the research fund, English papers accounted for 9.0% (27/300). Chinese Journal of Medical Education published the most papers [27.0%(81/300)] . The largest number of papers were published by Peking University Health Science Center [13.7% (41/300)] and Clinical medicine related departments published over thirty percent of the papers [37.7%(113/300)] . Keywords were clustered into 5 topics including education system, teaching method, evaluation, medical students/doctors and development of teachers. Conclusions The number of papers supported by the research fund and the papers published in English need to be increased; the journals that published these papers were convergent. The universities and their clinical medicine departments play an important role in medical education research. Medical education research is gradually moving towards micro and fine direction. Researchers of medical education can focus on digital teaching form, assessment and evaluation system, ability cultivation of medical students and doctors around the six core competencies that residents should have as well as occupational development of faculty so as to continuously promote the development of medical education research in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impacts of student advising on development of undergraduates from the program of clinical medicine Yang Yuchen, Ye Xiaoyang, Wu Hongbin 2022, 42 (5):  400-404.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210907-01133 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (839KB) ( 79 )   Objective This study provided overall evaluation on the effects of student advising by surveying how advising influences medical students' development in cognitive and non-cognitive capacity. Methods The data from China medical student survey 2020 that investigated medical undergraduate in China. Instrumental variable approach is used to identify the effects on students' cognitive and non-cognitive capacity development and sub-sample regression was applied to examine the heterogeneity treatment effects on different demographic features, family backgrounds and pre-college experience. Results Statistically significant effects of student advising satisfaction on students' academic interests (β=1.06), intention of medical career(β=0.391), engagement(β=0.405), self-efficacy(β=0.267) and performance ranking (β=0.061)were found. A closer scrutinization of the coefficients showed more significant impacts on students' non-cognitive capacity development. On the whole, students with pre-college experience or family support were benefited more from advising in terms of academic outcomes. On the other hand, disadvantaged students appeared to gain more in non-academic field such as vocational intention and subject interests. Conclusions Student advising has a positive impact on the development of medical undergraduates with heterogeneous effects. Attention should be paid to student advising by optimizing the functioning mechanism and targeted measures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the characteristics of students for academic doctor degree at a university hospital in Beijing Huo Gang, Zhang Hua, Zhang Aijing, Yuan Wenqing, Gu Shixian 2022, 42 (5):  405-408.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211129-01459 Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (791KB) ( 49 )   Objective To evaluate candidates for academic doctor degree in the view points of their application and entrance process in a university hospital in Beijing and to explore the related factors, so to provide suggestions to improve the quality of students. Methods A retrospective study was conducted covering 1 028 academic doctoral degree candidates from 2014 to 2019. According to the examination results and admission threshold, they were divided into group A (failed to pass first examination, 560 students), group B (failed to pass retrial, 260 students) and group C (admitted group, 208 students). The graduated school, English language proficiency, academic achievements and comprehensive quality were analyzed. Variance analysis and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used to compare the differences among each group. Results The proportion of students in groups A, B and C who graduated from “double first-class” colleges and universities were 53.5% (299/560), 61.2% (159/260) and 65.9% (137/208) respectively; the percentage of those with excellent English proficiency were 25.2% (141/560), 23.1% (60/260) and 30.2% (63/208), respectively; the academic achievement scores were 1(0,5), 1(0,8) and 2(0,27) points; the comprehensive quality scores of students in group B and group C were 43.8(40,50) points and 48.8(43.8,56.3) points respectively. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions In current admission system, the thresholds of re-examination and matriculation are significantly related to the graduate school, English level, academic achievements and comprehensive quality. Outstanding students in the above aspects are more likely to be admitted. It is suggested to focus on strengthen the assessment of comprehensive quality to screen out students with mental health, sound personality and strong ability to resist pressure     References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on employment confidence of students in health service and management specialty Wu Fan, Xia Yizhang, Li Ran, Yuan Jiani, Chen Yu 2022, 42 (5):  409-412.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211018-01283 Abstract ( 104 )   PDF (788KB) ( 81 )   Objective To analyze the employment confidence of health services and management graduates and its influencing factors in two types of institutions. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 303 graduates enrolled in 2017 from 10 institutions with health services and management programs , to investigate their employment confidence and influencing factors. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in employment confidence to the students from different institutions, logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results Among the graduates of health service and management majors from medical colleges, 8.6% (13/152) was very confident in employment, higher than those of health service and management graduates from non-medical colleges, which was 2.0% (3/151), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.030).In addition, 14 factors such as the practicality of course content (P=0.025), the scientific nature of the professional curriculum (P=0.023), strong professional competence (P<0.001), and a joyful personality (P<0.001) all had an impact on graduates' confidence in employment. Conclusions The employment confidence of graduates majoring in health service and management in medical colleges is higher than that of non-medical college graduates. Non-medical colleges should optimize the curriculum system, standardize the content of professional courses and professional skills training, then enhance the graduates' employment confidence . References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bibliometric analysis of English literature on entrustable professional activities in nursing field Gao Weiyin, Jin Shuai, Fu Xin, Lu Qian 2022, 42 (5):  413-416.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211019-01287 Abstract ( 118 )   PDF (808KB) ( 97 )   Objective In order to understand the research status and hotspots of entrustable professional activities(EPAs) in the field of nursing, the literatures were reviewed by bibliometrics to provide reference for related research in China. Methods The English literatures on EPAs in nursing field from January 1st, 2005 to July 2nd, 2021 were retrieved and reviewed from seven databases, namely Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest and PsychINFO. The basic information and research contents of related literature were analyzed by bibliometrics with the software NoteExpress, Ucinet and WPS Office 2021. Results A total of 17 articles were reviewed, and the majority of them were published by institutes in United States. According to the research content, three topics were extracted basic research construction, application and evaluation of nursing EPAs. Conclusions EPAs is one of the research hotspots in the nursing field, but it mainly focuses on the feasibility of EPAs and the description of the construction process. The basic study and research on EPAs applied evaluation need to be strengthened. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The exploration of collective lesson preparation characterized by independent disease modules for integrated curriculum of cardiovascular system Li Lei, Hong Tao, Chen Jiangtian, Mao Jieming, Zheng Ming, Wu Liling, Han Jiangli, Gao Wei 2022, 42 (5):  417-421.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211015-01273 Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (807KB) ( 143 )   With the development of medical education, it has become a trend to implement integrated curriculum education for undergraduate students of clinical medicine. Peking University Health Science Center has been exploring the "new era" integrated curriculum in 2021. Aiming at the characteristics and objectives of integrated curriculum, the teaching team of cardiovascular system has initiated a new model for collective lesson preparation, which is characterized by independent disease modules, discussion on top-level design, curriculum structure and implementation of teaching of different chapters and stages. This paper proposed the procedure, effects and challenges from this new model of education and provide suggestions for optimizing the curriculum in future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on ideological and political education of physical education for medical students based on the five-star teaching model Zhang Qian, Gao Lingdi, Xu Chen 2022, 42 (5):  422-425.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211002-01228 Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (818KB) ( 122 )   Starting from the practical problems of Ideological and political education in physical education for medical students, based on the five-star teaching mode, this paper embeds ideological and political cases into each task link of the five-star teaching mode of physical education by using the methods of literature research, cluster analysis and induction, and always focuses on solving the problems of improving the effect of physical education teaching and the physical quality of medical students, So that medical students can obtain the training and guidance of "five-star teaching". Form a scientific ideological and political teaching mode of physical education curriculum, and help front-line physical education teachers complete the ideological and political education of physical education curriculum with strategies, methods and temperature. The five-star teaching mode makes the ideological and political teaching of physical education more three-dimensional and vivid, more practical and operable, and has popularization value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The mediating role of perceived stress among medical school graduate students in the relationship between well-being and their supervisor's guiding style Che Yushi, Wang Yiqiao, Zhang Yaoxuan 2022, 42 (5):  426-429.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211124-01438 Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (827KB) ( 98 )   Objective To explore the mediating role of perceived stress among medical school graduate students in the relationship between the supervisor's guidance style and graduate students' general well-being. Methods In February 2021, a survey covering 208 graduates in a medical school was conducted using the supervisor's guidance style schedule, Perceived Stress schedule and General Well-Being schedule. The survey data were analyzed by spearman correlation analysis and mediation test. Results Graduate students scored (25.69 ± 5.92) for perceived stress, (77.30±13.64) for well-being, and (0.78±0.22) for their supervisor's guiding style. There was a significant positive correlation between perceived stress and supervisor's tendency to have a controlling mentoring style (rs=0.16, P=0.026). A significant negative correlation between supervisor's guiding style and general well-being (rs=-0.27,P<0.001) and between perceived stress and general well-being (rs=-0.72,P<0.001) was found. The mediating effect of perceived psychological stress between supervisor's guiding style and graduate's general well-being was significant (95%CI=-13.40~-0.67), and the effect value (-6.64) accounted for 38.9% of the total effect value (-17.06). Conclusions Graduate students mentored by the supervisors who have a controlling mentoring style manifest a lower level of well-being. Graduate students' perceived stress mediates the relationship between their supervisor's guiding style and general well-being. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between locus of control and academic self-efficacy of undergraduates majoring in preventive medicine in a college in Xinjiang Wang Qian, He Shiru, Shen Jing, Sun Wei, Wang Hao, Liu Tao, Xiao Hui, Dai Jianghong 2022, 42 (5):  430-433.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211115-01397 Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (794KB) ( 63 )   Objective To explore the relationship between psychological control locus and academic self-efficacy of undergraduates majoring in preventive medicine, and to provide reference for improving the learning quality of undergraduates majoring in preventive medicine. Methods In April 2021, 220 undergraduates of preventive medicine enrolled from 2016 to 2020 by a medical university in Xinjiang were surveyed by the Chance Scale and academic self-efficacy Scale. The data were analyzed by t-test and Pearson correlation. Results A total of 186 students participated in this study. The scores of three dimensions as internal control, chance and powerful others of control locus were 32.25±4.72, 25.56±6.19 and 25.23±6.80 respectively. The total score of undergraduates' academic self-efficacy was 71.78±11.37 and the scores of learning ability self-efficacy and learning behavior self-efficacy were 37.25±7.12 and 34.54±5.63 respectively. Male students' score (26.94±6.39) was significantly higher than female students (24.14±6.85) on the dimension of powerful others (P=0.006). The Pearson correlation coefficients between the internal control dimension and academic self-efficacy, learning ability self-efficacy and learning behavior self-efficacy were 0.343, 0.304 and 0.309 respectively (all P<0.001); The Pearson correlation coefficients between the two dimensions of powerful others and chance and the dimension of self-efficacy of learning ability were -0.208 (P=0.004)and -0.232(P=0.001) respectively. Conclusions More male students believe that the authority may control their life more than female students,teachers should pay attention to the role of female students in driving male students. The internal control dimension of undergraduates' of control locus is positively correlated with academic self-efficacy,so we can improve undergraduates' academic self-efficacy by enhancing their self-confidence of controlling their life. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Status quo and influencing factors of medical humanistic literacy of freshmen graduate students with a master's degree in clinical medicine in Nanjing Medical University Wang Mengting, Tan Gangrui, Wu Yanan, Wang Jinfan 2022, 42 (5):  434-438.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211116-01403 Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (840KB) ( 101 )   Objective To investigate and analyze the current situation of medical humanistic literacy and its influencing factors of freshmen (hereinafter referred to as freshmen) for master's degree in clinical medicine, so as to provide reference for optimizing medical humanistic education in colleges and universities. Methods From September to November 2021, a cluster sampling method was used to select 1 589 freshmen enrolled in 2021 in Nanjing Medical University as the survey objects. According to the literature research and combined with the actual situation, a questionnaire was made to investigate the current situation of their medical humanistic literacy, and influencing factors were analyzed by the multiple linear regression. Results A total of 1 572 freshmen participated in this study. The total score of medical humanistic literacy of freshmen was 84.23±8.18. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the degree of understanding of traditional Chinese medical ethics (b=0.300, P<0.001), the richness of medical humanities courses during undergraduate education (b=0.097, P<0.001), the frequency of participating in voluntary practice (b=0.088, P<0.001), the frequency of autonomous learning (b=0.110, P<0.001), self-innovative thinking and awareness (b=0.116, P<0.001) are all related to their medical humanistic quality. The above variables can explain the variation of master's medical humanities literacy (62.1%). Conclusions The overall condition of the freshmen's medical humanities is good. The freshmen's understanding of traditional Chinese medical ethics, the medical humanities teaching resources and support obtained in the learning process, the ability of autonomous learning and innovative thinking are the influencing factors of their medical humanistic quality. Medical colleges can improve the medical humanistic literacy of the graduates by strengthening the study of traditional Chinese medical ethics, optimizing the humanities education resources and providing support from colleges and universities and establishing an independent learning model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on faculty's experience of hybrid teaching mode in medical college Jiang Ziqi, Shen Qin 2022, 42 (5):  439-443.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211013-01265 Abstract ( 131 )   PDF (839KB) ( 155 )   Objective To understand the teaching experience of medical college teachers with the hybrid teaching mode and to provide reference for promoting the development of this teaching method. Methods Using qualitative research methods, the researchers interviewed eight teachers for blended teaching experience in Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from May to June 2021. After the interview, classic content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results Four themes about the teaching experience of the interviewees were evaluated as follows: Positive feedback on the teaching mode, difficulties and pressure, influencing factors and expectations for this new teaching pathway. The hybrid teaching mode is strongly supported by schools and generally recognized by students, which helps to improve the quality of teaching and is also favored by medical school teachers. However, there are also problems such as the difficulties in the course preparation process and heavy working load of teachers. The effect of hybrid teaching is influenced by curriculum design, teaching platform and teachers' capacity. Conclusions Teachers in medical colleges have gained experience of both classic and hybrid teaching, which not only enhances the teaching effect, but also bring increased pressure on teachers. The hybrid teaching mode puts forward higher requirements for medical college teachers. It is suggested that the school need to optimize the teaching management policy and regulations, improve the functions of the teaching platform,and to provide more training to college teachers for further development of the hybrid teaching mode. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of rain classroom teaching pathway combined with mind mapping in the clinical teaching of urology Bi Chengwei, Yang Hong, Li Ruiqian, Zhang Guoying, Zhao Bin, Yang Yong, Li Jun, Hu Chen, Yang Libo, Bai Yu 2022, 42 (5):  444-448.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210829-01087 Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (807KB) ( 112 )   Objective To discuss the effect of rain classroom teaching pathway combined mind mapping method in the clinical teaching of urology. Methods From July 2020 to July 2021, 40 five-year undergraduates majoring in clinical medicine who were experiencing internship training in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 20 in each according to their ID number. Experimental group were taught by rain classroom plus mind mapping method; control group were taught by classic teaching mode. Assessment and self-made questionnaire were used to evaluate the teaching effect. The results from two groups were analyzed by t test and the comparison of data from two groups was performed by χ2 test. Results The scores of basic theory [(41.10 ± 4.46) vs.(37.65 ± 4.07)], medical record analysis [(22.28 ± 3.65) vs. (19.20 ± 2.88)] and total examination score [(80.95 ± 7.37) vs. (74.20 ± 6.24)] of the experimental group were all significantly higher than those of the control group (all P<0.05). The results of the questionnaire showed that scores in the experimental group are higher than that of control group in the following aspects: enhancing learning interest and initiative [(3.15±0.88)vs.(2.00±1.08)], improving learning atmosphere[(3.15±0.81)vs.(2.15±0.93)], improving learning efficiency [(3.00±0.79)vs.(1.80±1.20)], making knowledge visualization easier to understand and remember [(3.25±0.79)vs.(1.75±1.02)]and improving logical reasoning [(3.55±0.60)vs.(1.95±1.10)]. The difference were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions Application of rain classroom combined with mind mapping method in the clinical teaching of urology is helpful to promote students' mastery of knowledge and improve their learning ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of live broadcasting integrated small private online curriculum in teaching of pathophysiology for international students Wang Xiuyan, Tariq Sirak Qazi, Liu Xiang, Song Meiru, Li Jiahao, Mao Rongrong, Zhang Ying 2022, 42 (5):  449-452.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210829-01089 Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (791KB) ( 81 )   Objective To study the effect of small private online curriculum(SPOC) plus live broadcasting integrated teaching method in the teaching of pathophysiology for international students who were candidates of bachelor of medicine. Methods In March 2021, 57 students enrolled in 2018 for a six-year program of clinical medicine in Kunming Medical University were selected as subjects. Questionnaires and interviews were used to evaluate the learning experience of students in the SPOC integrated with live broadcasting model in pathophysiology curriculum. Results The results of questionnaire survey showed that 55.8%(24/43) students were generally satisfied with the curriculum design of pathophysiology and 55.8%(24/43) of them were satisfied with the teaching methods. The interview conclusions showed that students benefited from the content and form of SPOC and live integrated teaching method but they still complained of some weakness as compared to traditional teaching mode. They also gave some suggestions to optimize the current teaching pathway. The overall pass rate of international students was 100.0%(57/57) and the excellent rate was 36.8%(21/57).The formative evaluation showed a pass rate of 96.5%(55/57) with an excellent rate of 3.5%(2/57), a final evaluation pass rate was 85.9%(49/57) for international students and the excellent rate was 12.3%(7/57). Conclusions Application of live broadcasting integrated SPOC has been generally recognized by students, and help international students to participate in learning, but the online learning performance and experience still need to be improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction and implementation of teaching clinic in obstetrics and gynecology for internship trainees Zhang Cong, Sun Qian, Feng Ling, Zhang Yuanyuan, Yao Fei 2022, 42 (5):  453-457.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211124-01436 Abstract ( 103 )   PDF (809KB) ( 132 )   To explore the reconstruction and practice of obstetrics and gynecology teaching clinic in undergraduate medical students' practice stage. Twenty-nine undergraduates(enrolled in 2017 5-year program and 2015 8-year program students) who joined internship in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in September 2021 were selected as the research subjects. Obstetrics and gynecology teaching clinic mostly for training of undergraduates was carried out. Formative evaluation and feedback were implemented with mini-clinical evaluation exercise during the training process. At the end of the training, summative evaluation was performed by the standardized patient consultation evaluation table covered by objective structured clinical examination. A questionnaire was distributed to students to understand the teaching feedback. The items that scored low in formative assessment were physical examination (5.48±1.33), medical interview (5.90±0.80) and communication skills (5.93±0.69). The score rate of standardized test stations was (79.4±22.0)%. The items with a score of 0 were systematic consultation according to item sequence and summary in consultation process. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that in the improvement of medical record writing, physical examination, communication skills and organizational ability, 100.0%(29/29) students scored 5 points. In terms of clinical thinking improvement, 93.1%(27/29) students scored 5 points, and 6.9%(2/29) students scored 4 points. Students with an overall satisfaction score of 100.0%(29/29) were very satisfied. The implementation of obstetrics and gynecology teaching clinic provides a teaching platform for the training of clinical reasoning and communication skill. However, the repeated practice is necessary to fundamentally improve the clinical capacity of undergraduates during internship. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A pilot research on the effect of banana peel model in suturing skill training for internship students majoring in stomatology Liu Ying, Ge Wenshu, Xie Shang, Li Jiannan, Ye Guohua, He Xiaoyong, Cui Nianhui, Wang Diancan 2022, 42 (5):  458-462.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210814-01015 Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (1419KB) ( 72 )   Objective To evaluate the effect of the suture training for internship students majoring in stomatology using the banana peel model. Methods From January to March 2021, Eighty-two students in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were trained in their pre-clinical year and then followed by a workshop on surgical suture. Banana peels were used as a suturing model. The baseline scores were recorded. The suturing skills were assessed after instruction (training 1) and after-class practicing (training 2). Paired t-test was used to compare the results. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the relevant factors. Results The score of training 1 (20.88±3.68) was higher than that of baseline level (15.15±5.24) and the score of training 2 (24.80±3.83) was significantly higher than that of training 1 (20.88±3.68), all P<0.05. The score of training 1 is related to the scores of the whole course (r=0.29). Training 2 results are related to gender (r=0.39), cumulative time of after-class exercises (r=0.44) and the whole course scores (r=0.29), all P<0.05. Conclusions The suturing skill of students was significantly improved after training with banana peel model. This provides a solid evidence to support the use of this model for suturing skill training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status and outlook of laparoscopic training model Chen Tao, Liu Quanmeng, Chen Erhao, He Qinglie, Huang Xin 2022, 42 (5):  463-467.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210921-01188 Abstract ( 166 )   PDF (828KB) ( 106 )   Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgical operation with strong operability and professionalism. Due to the uneven distribution of clinical teaching resources and the existence of various training models, there are obvious regional variations in the training of laparoscopic surgery. Among many basic training models, simulation training box and virtual reality technology have the advantages of supreme practicality, interactivity and repeatability. As a key step in laparoscopic surgery training, the clinical practice skill has its own progressive laddering training characteristics. The training is designed according to the specific needs from surgeon, first assistant and operator as a need-oriented model in order to optimize the training outcomes. Based on the numerous laparoscopic training methods and new training tools available in China and abroad, this article reviews the current status and future prospects of laparoscopic surgical training to provide a reference for innovative development of future training methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the effect of residency training on the competence of residents Zeng Qingqi, Liu Jing, Chen Shengyu, Fang Caimei, Wu Zhenlong, Li Haichao, Qi Xin, Gao Jie, Wang Jianliu 2022, 42 (5):  468-472.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210915-01163 Abstract ( 164 )   PDF (812KB) ( 150 )   Objective To evaluate the effect of residency training on trainees' competence and to provide a reference for improving the training policy. Methods Totally 15 830 teachers from 310 resident training institutions across the country were sampled and surveyed by the entrustable professional activity scale to evaluate the competence of the trainees before and after the training. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the scores of each index with the expected score and the Marginal Homogeneity test was used to compare the scores of each index before and after the training. Results When entering training institutions, clinical decision making, critical illness identification and treatment, patient transfer and handover, essential skills of specialty, notification of bad news, clinical teaching, and public health incident response were all scored at 1 (1,2). The scores of the other 8 indicators were all 2 (1, 2). At the end of the training, the residen's scores of critical illness identification and treatment, and public health incident response were all 3 (3, 4) and the other indicators are 4 (3,4) or 4(4,4) or 4(4,5).The scores of all indicators were higher than those when entering the training (such as the scores of receiving patients were 4(4, 4) vs. 2(1, 2), χ2=107.81, P<0.001). Conclusions After training, residents' competence has been significantly improved. However, whether trained or not, the scores of the indicators still fail to reach the level of expectations. The collaboration in clinical performance and education should be strengthened and the integration of under-graduate education and post-graduate education should be further designed to ensure that the residents are able to achieve the training goals before and after residents' training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of a systematic structured peer-assisted learning-mode autonomous training project in basic clinical practice skills of residents Li Ying, Hu Yu, Huang Xiaosong, Li Xinping, Jiao Rui, Che Na, Shen Yufang, Gao Yuan 2022, 42 (5):  473-476.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20211010-01248 Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (830KB) ( 96 )   Systematic structured peer assisted learning (PAL) is an organized learning behavior that students receive training and implement regulated learning. This study took the first-year residents as the trainees,an autonomous training plan was developed and carried out. After training, the residents' satisfaction was investigated by questionnaire, and a multi-station objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was carried out to evaluate the training outcomes. The satisfaction investigation showed that the scores of training project organization, demonstration videos, assessment record book and peer leaders as instructors were (4.79±0.58),(4.74±0.67),(4.78±0.51) and (4.89±0.40) respectively, the differences were statistically significant compared with the test value 4 points (all P<0.05).While score of mutual electronic evaluation form was (4.11±1.47),and there was no significant difference compared with the test value 4 points(P=0.523). The passing rate of multi-station OSCE for practical skill was 88.0%(73/83), which was significantly higher than rate of baseline assessment 67.5%(56/83)(P=0.003). The systematic structured PAL-mode autonomous training project is quite feasible and can provide a useful reference for other residency training bases to implement large scale multi-item training program. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of workplace assessment of clinical oncology specialist training Xu Zhiyuan, Li Jishi, Yang Li, Jing Haiman, Chen Wenqi, Jiang Yong, Luo Shihong, Anne W. M. Lee 2022, 42 (5):  477-480.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210902-01108 Abstract ( 78 )   PDF (790KB) ( 41 )   Workplace-based assessment is an important part of the training of clinical oncology specialists. The Shenzhen-Hong Kong clinical oncology specialist training program is based on the experience of Hong Kong, Sichuan, Shanghai and Beijing, as well as the training programs of the UK and the US. The scheme needs four years and has developed a comprehensive workplace-based assessment program. This paper gives an overview of all the workplace-based assessment methods in the scheme and also considers the opportunities and challenges. References | Related Articles | Metrics