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Review of financial research on higher medical education in China Zang Yue, Wu Hongbin, Xie A'na 2022, 42 (2):  97-101.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210814-01016 Abstract ( 148 )   PDF (843KB) ( 128 )   Based on the review of higher medical education financial policies in China, this paper reviews and analyzes the current situation of higher medical education financial research in China. The higher medical education financial research can be mainly divided into three main periods: starting period, development period and slow development period. Research topics include adequacy, equity, benefit and efficiency, cost accounting, management, etc. In order to improve the quality of medical personnel training and promote the innovation and development of medical education, it is necessary to pay attention to the financial research of higher medical education and increase the support for the financial research of higher medical education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Promoting the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine talents in the new era through cultural inheritance Cao Xikang, Zhu Huirong, Shu Jing, Zheng Linyun, Zhang Tingli 2022, 42 (2):  102-105.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210902-01107 Abstract ( 178 )   PDF (793KB) ( 101 )   In order to tackle the challenges in the education and training of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) such as insufficient history inheritance and learning traditional medicine based on a special culture and humanity overview, this paper proposes some strategies to deeply understand cultural connotation and core value of TCM, so as to comprehensively integrate Chinese traditional culture into the cultivation of TCM talents and to penetrate inheritance of Chinese traditional culture into education and training of TCM. The strategies include: strengthening the dominant position of education in colleges and universities of TCM; gathering and innovating with western medicine to cultivate professionals in the field of TCM, which is also beneficial to the cultivation of the core quality of western medicine talents; promoting the traditional culture of TCM at all ages and make the educational function of TCM radiate to the whole national education system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary exploration on the research clinician training model in China Zhang Xinnan, Wu Xiaohu, Yang Yi, Zhang Renyun, Yin Rong, Qian Liling, Zhou Wenhao 2022, 42 (2):  106-109.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210628-00816 Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (904KB) ( 206 )   With the continuous development of translational medicine and construction of research hospital, the quantity of research clinicians in China has become more and more insufficient which is difficult to meet the development needs of medical research and clinical practice. Given the strategic layout of the development of the health industry and the current status of the medical service system as well as medical education system in China, a research clinician training model consisted of “college education and hospital continuing education training” was proposed on the basic principles of “incremental promotion and stock adjustment”. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of interprofessional education in undergraduate medical education Li Shaowen, Li Peiwen, Sun Yifei, Pan Ying, Cui Huixian 2022, 42 (2):  110-114.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210507-00593 Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (835KB) ( 113 )   Objective To review the practice and effects of interprofessional education in undergraduate medical education throughout the world in past decade. Methods Eight Chinese and English databases were searched for the articles published from 2010 to 2021, with the search term “inter-professional education (IPE)”. Studies were selected based on strict inclusion criteria. Results There are 66.7%(18/27) of the studies that conducted IPE in the United States. Group activities [51.9%(14/27)] and clinical simulation [44.4 %(12/27)] were the most widely adopted IPE practice methods. The majority [92.6%(25/27)] of the studies showed positive effects of IPE. Conclusions IPE was carried out in countries with advanced overall development of medical education. Group activities and clinical simulation were the most common teaching methods. Implementation of IPE showed positive effects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on teaching reform of medical microbiology Cui Yan, Li Xiaoxia 2022, 42 (2):  115-118.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210817-01037 Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (797KB) ( 206 )   To improve students' initiative in learning through integration of basic and clinical medicine has become an important goal and direction of medical education reform. Since 2018, Tianjin Medical University has implemented the teaching reform of medical microbiology in five-year program of clinical medicine including the organization of teaching team, implementation of multiple teaching methods, construction of online course platforms, optimization of experimental training content and of evaluation system. The courses are systematically taught for key teaching content. The flipped classroom teaching is adopted for some courses and comprehensive designed experiments as well as virtual simulation experiment platforms are introduced to experimental training. The teaching effect was evaluated by final examination and questionnaire survey. The results showed that the passing rates of students from grade 2016 to 2018 are 55.6% (99/ 178), 61.4% (102/166) and 88.4% (153/173), respectively. Majority of students[86.2%(112/130)]believed that multiple teaching methods were very suitable and 99.2% (129/130) of the students acknowledged that their self-learning ability has been improved or significantly improved. The teaching reform scheme of medical microbiology was conducive to students' understanding and mastery of basic knowledge and to the improvement of students' autonomous learning capacity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An effect study on comprehensive reform of teaching mode of radiology course Cui Bin, Yang Shuya, Zhang Huan, Chen Jie, Cheng Huaqin, Wang Zhiqun 2022, 42 (2):  119-122.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210701-00834 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (800KB) ( 192 )   In order to explore the effect of comprehensive reform of teaching mode of radiology course, this study took the teaching of radiology courses for students majoring in clinical medicine of enrolled in 2016 in Peking University Health Science Center as an example. This study illustrated the teaching design and implementation process of the comprehensive reform of the teaching mode of this course, through the use of mixed teaching methods, selection of teaching cases, the implementation of peer teaching, the combination of students' reflection and teachers' comments, and the transformation of traditional assessment methods. The overall pass rate of students' comprehensive scores of the final examination was 100.0% and the excellent rate was 63.2%(24/38). More than 84.2%(32/38) of the students thought that the comprehensive reform effectively trained their comprehensive capacity in self-learning, communication and clinical reasoning, enhanced their confidence in solving problems, stimulated their interest in learning and made them master knowledge more firmly. It also showed that 92.1%(35/38)of students believed that the comprehensive reform makes them more engaged into the learning process. As a whole, students were satisfied from the curriculum. Conclusively, the comprehensive reform of teaching mode of radiology course is helpful for cultivating the comprehensive capacity of medical students and enhancing their satisfaction from learning. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on external factors' impact on professional development of faculty engaged in teaching of humanities and employed by the new system in a medical university Han Wei 2022, 42 (2):  123-126.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210723-00928 Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (792KB) ( 67 )   The reform of the personnel system is an important part of the reform of medical schools. This research collected the data from the faculty in new systems through interviews to find the status of external dynamic factors on professional development and thus to provide a basis for the formulation of school reform programs. Results showed that the faculty in new systems is satisfied with the external dynamic factors, and put forward the problems such as insufficient orientation guidance for of academic research, team building, attention of medical humanities and confusion about the evaluation system. It is suggested that it is important to strengthen medical humanities with efforts to break bottle necks in the faculty development, optimize current system and construct a platform. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The faculty's involvement behavior and influence factors of their performance in shared governance of teaching remodeling in medical university Zhu Liyan, Zhao Chenxi, Tian Jing, Li Qinglin, Sun Tao, Yang Libin, Cao Depin 2022, 42 (2):  127-131.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210720-00913 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (837KB) ( 63 )   To clarify the influence factors of faculty's involvement in shared governance of teaching remodeling, the research project collected teacher's decisions and management experience in teaching remodeling , analyzed their involvement behavior and the influence factors by grounded theory. Results showed that the real participation and symbolic participation were identified as two participation level of teacher involvement behavior in shared governance of teaching remodeling, and the symbolic participation is a major behavior. The barriers to prevent teachers' participation were low degree of involvement, lack of opportunity and weak subjective motivation. Their behaviors were affected by three factors: contextual, individual and operation process. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of contextual and optimize process factors of teachers' involvement, to adopt different incentive strategies according to different characteristics of teachers and focus on motivating those with education ideal and teaching capacity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the relationship of ideological and political education with professionalism and job involvement degree of medical staff He Xiaolu, Fan Yutong, Bai Yang, Liu Jing, Chen Binbin 2022, 42 (2):  132-136.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210712-00876 Abstract ( 74 )   PDF (817KB) ( 106 )   Objective To investigate the influence of ideological and political education on the professionalism and job involvement of medical staff and to provide a basis for better ideological and political work in the future. Methods By means of convenience sampling and self-made questionnaire, totally 76 medical staff in a university affiliated hospital were investigated on their participation in ideological and political education, professionalism and job involvement degree. Analysis of variance, Spearman correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to identify the relationship of ideological and political education with professionalism and work involvement. Results Totally 89.5% (68/76) of the medical staff agreed with the necessity of ideological and political education, and 76.3% (58/76) of the medical staff participated in all kinds of ideological and political education and training organized by the hospital. The scores of the necessity of carrying out ideological and political education and the willingness to actively participate in ideological and political education were (4.25±0.73) and (4.22±0.62) respectively, and the scores of professionalism and job involvement were (32.58±7.41) and (20.50±4.74) respectively. The necessity of carrying out ideological and political education among medical staff, the willingness of medical staff to actively participate in ideological and political education, and the participation rate of medical staff in ideological and political education organized by the hospital are positively correlated with their professionalism (the correlation coefficients are 0.64, 0.71 and 0.47 respectively), and with their job involvement degree (the correlation coefficients are 0.63, 0.68 and 0.47 respectively). The difference was statistically significant (all P<0.001). Conclusions Ideological and political education can improve the professionalism and job involvement of medical staff. It is suggested to give full play to the leading role of ideological and political education, enrich the forms of ideological and political education, increase the participation rate of ideological and political education, pay more attention to system guarantee and platform innovation and to comprehensively promote the overall competence and professionalism of hospital staff by extensive ideological and political education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The practice of ideological and political education penetrating into clinical pharmacology course Wen Jiagen, Meng Xiaoming, Ge Jinfang, Hu Chengmu, Wang Xuefu, Huang yan, Lyu Xiongwen, Li Jun 2022, 42 (2):  137-141.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210802-00959 Abstract ( 212 )   PDF (844KB) ( 212 )   Ideological and political education is a kind of comprehensive education idea which has emerging into all specialty courses as a kind of teaching platform. It is essential for the building of professionalism and competence of medical students. This study analyzed the practice of ideological and political education in clinical pharmacology course at Anhui Medical University through excavating the elements of ideological and political education, revising teaching documents, development of teaching resources and technical platforms, designing teaching methods in ideological and political education and raising the standards of ideological and political education in the teaching team. In order to clarify the effect of ideological and political courses, a sample questionnaire was randomly conducted among the 60 students majoring in clinical pharmacy and 60 students majoring in pharmacy of grade 2018. The results showed that the overall satisfaction of clinical pharmacy and pharmacy students for ideological and political courses reached 76.7%(46/60) and 75.0%(45/60), respectively. Furthermore, the satisfaction percentages of the two majors are as high as 93.3%(56/60) and 90.0%(54/60), respectively. Moreover, the satisfaction percentage of education of professional spirit are 90.0%(54/60) and 81.7%(49/60) and those for benevolent spirit were 80.0%(48/60) and 83.3%(50/60), respectively. The practice of ideological and political education penetrating into the course of clinical pharmacology may reach better learning outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on medical confidence of senior students in colleges and universities of traditional Chinese medicine Tang Xintian, Li Xunyi, Liu Yifan, Jian Guangfeng, Xu Yunfeng 2022, 42 (2):  142-145.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210516-00638 Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (831KB) ( 63 )   Objective To understand the current situation and main influencing factors of confidence in being a doctor among senior students in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) universities, and to provide reference for the TCM teaching reform. Methods In March 2021, 450 senior students who had participated in clinical practice in 3 TCM universities were selected as the sapmle. Questionnaire survey was used to investigate the status quo and influencing factors of their medical confidence. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results Totally 55.1% (248/450) of the students have insufficient confidence in medical profession, and the main reason is the lack of clinical ability [80.0% (360/450)]. Weak clinical thinking ability [75.3% (339/450)] and weak practical ability [70.9% (319/450)] are the main factors affecting students' clinical independent diagnosis and treatment ability. 85.1% (383/450) of the students think that the explanation of theoretical knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine should be closely related to clinical practice. Conclusions The senior TCM students lack confidence in medical profession, and the main influencing factor is the lack of clinical practice ability. Universities should deepen the reform of clinical teaching of TCM, improve students' cognition of the development of grass-roots medical treatment, and strengthen humanistic care for students, so as to improve students' clinical practice ability and strengthen their medical confidence. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Teaching effect of research ability training course on the improvement of research capacity of undergraduates majoring in basic medicine Pu Dan, Wu Liling, Shen Huiqi, Zhang Yan, Wang Jiadong, Wang Yun 2022, 42 (2):  146-150.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210722-00925 Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (821KB) ( 96 )   Objective To explore the teaching effect of research ability training course on the improvement of research capacity of undergraduates majoring in basic medicine. Methods The questionnaire survey was used. From April 2017 to June 2019, 163 students of 8-year program enrolled from 2014 to 2016 in Peking University were selected as the research objects. The self-rating scale of research capacity was used to evaluate the students' capacity before and after the training course. A questionnaire survey was applied to evaluate the teaching effect of the course. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, Mann-Whitney test and paired sample Wilcoxon test were used to analyze the changes of students' scientific research capacity before and after the course and to identify the influencing factors. Results The self-evaluation of students' scientific research capacity [(107.9±11.3) vs. (102.0±12.5)] was significantly improved after the course. The self-evaluation scores of the students in the active group were significantly higher than those in the inactive group no matter before the course [(107.2±12.2) vs. (96.6±12.1)] or after the course [(111.6±11.1) vs. (104.2±12.2)]. Correlation analysis showed that students' experience in scientific research practice (ρ=0.243), students' attitude to the course (ρ=0.299) and teaching evaluation score (ρ=0.264) were significantly and positively correlated with the self-evaluation score of scientific research capacity after the course. The teacher guidance (weighted proportion 61.7%) was of great importance for promoting the improvement of students' scientific research capacity. Conclusions The research capacity training course based on research project design promotes the capacity building for research by undergraduates. Teacher guidance and students' active attitude of participation are quite important to guarantee the learning outcome of the course. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of research group-based mode in the standardized training of resident doctors in municipal hospital Xie Zhiqin, Zhu Zemin, Tang Caixi, Huang Manhui, Zhao Zhijian, Feng Bin, Chen Huiwei 2022, 42 (2):  151-154.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210511-00615 Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (796KB) ( 93 )   Objective To evaluate the application of research group-based mode in standardized training of resident doctors in municipal hospital. Methods Research group-based mode was carried out. Retrospective analysis was conducted on the passing rate of medical practitioners' exam and the final test, as well as the academic achievements of the completed residents who joined the group in a municipal hospital in 2017 and 2018. Results There were 6 residents of the research group in 2017, all of them passed the medical practitioner's exam and 5 of them passed the completion examination in the first run of examination; they published a total of 21 abridged translation papers and 12 research papers in source journals for Chinese scientific and technical papers and citations, and 1 technology patent. There were 5 residents of the research group in 2018 and all of them passed medical practitioners' exam and completion examination; they published a total of 16 abridged translation papers and 5 research papers in source journals for Chinese scientific and technical papers and citations, and 1 technology patent. Conclusions The research group-based mode can improve the capacity of scientific research of residents in standardized training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of BOPPPS combined with virtual simulation technology for the training of asphyxia neonatorum resuscitation Tan Hui , Hu Liyuan, Li Zhihua, Wu Jingyan, Zhou Wenhao 2022, 42 (2):  155-158.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210706-00849 Abstract ( 163 )   PDF (803KB) ( 202 )   Objective To explore the application effect of BOPPPS combined with virtual simulation technology for the training of asphyxia neonatorum resuscitation. Methods Two groups of undergraduates enrolled in August 2020 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method with 28 students in each. The experimental group used the teaching method of BOPPPS combined with virtual simulation and the control group adopted traditional skill training. After the course, the students were evaluated for theory and skills, and the students' evaluation was collected in the form of questionnaire survey. The test scores and questionnaire results of the two groups were compared by independent sample t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results The score of theoretical test of students in the experimental group was higher than that of control group[(79.32±6.20) vs.(66.18±10.43)]; the scores of individual operation skill and package skill of endotracheal intubation in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [(4.93±0.26) vs. (4.39±0.74), (14.68±0.55) vs. (14.11±0.96)]; the scores of skill improvement and teaching content from the experimental group were higher than those from the control group [(8.64±1.25) vs. (7.75±1.00), (97.79±4.36) vs. (89.46±9.75) ], all P<0.05. Conclusions The teaching method of BOPPPS combined with virtual simulation technology has a good teaching results, which improving students' learning interest and confidence, developing their learning of theoretical knowledge and operation skills related to asphyxia neonatorum and resuscitation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influencing factors on the satisfaction from teacher-student interaction by medical students at the online learning Ding Xiaoyun , Wang Xiao, Wu Jingyun, Wu Qianting, Yang Yifan, Hu Jingwen, Xie Jianping, Lin Changmin 2022, 42 (2):  159-162.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20201116-01592 Abstract ( 158 )   PDF (800KB) ( 131 )   Objective To explore the factors influencing the satisfaction from teacher-student interaction at the online learning. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted in April 2020 and 1 271 medical undergraduates from Shantou University Medical College of grade 2015 up to 2019(enrolled in 2015,2016,2017,2018 and 2019) who participated in online learning were recruited as the survey objects. A self-made questionnaire covering four aspects was used to conduct the survey. Kruskal-wallis test and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data collected. Results The satisfaction score of teacher-student interaction of student was 12.0(1.0). Students' grade (r=0.09,P=0.017), major (r=0.06,P=0.032), recognition to online learning (r=0.64,P<0.001), adaptation of online learning (r=0.50,P<0.001), satisfaction degree of teamwork (r=0.39,P<0.001), satisfaction degree from quiz after class (r=0.54,P<0.001), frequency of course preview (r=0.20,P<0.001) all affect students' satisfaction from teacher-student interaction. Students' supportive attitude to online teaching mode “Self-learning + Wechat Q&A”, “Wechat knowledge point sorting”, “Group chatting through audio and video facilities” and “Group-chat discussion” were all positively correlated with the satisfaction score of teacher-student interaction (r=0.22,0.11,0.06,0.10,P<0.001,<0.001,0.041,<0.001). Conclusions Students' satisfaction from teacher-student interaction at the online learning is generally high and the influencing factors are student's grade, major, adaptation of online learning, satisfaction from after-class quiz, frequency of course preview and online teaching mode, etc. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and influencing-factors analysis on nursing students' competence during internship Yao Xiuyu, Shen Yiru, Yu Lingling, Wang Xiaoran, Kang Zihua 2022, 42 (2):  163-167.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210720-00918 Abstract ( 188 )   PDF (828KB) ( 114 )   Objective To investigate the current situation of nursing interns' competence and to analyze the influencing factors on the building of competence. Methods From November to December 2020, nursing students from four hospitals in Beijing and Shandong were investigated by the Chinese version of Nursing Students Competence Instrument, Professional Identity Questionnaire and General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the influencing factors were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results A total of 887 nursing students participated in the survey and the total competence score of the students was (220.44±41.44). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the higher the professional identity (b=0.282, P<0.001) and self-efficacy (b=0.461, P<0.001), the better the competence of nursing students. Compared with nursing students trained in rural health institutions and not exposed to professional development training, nursing students trained in urban city institutions and received professional development courses or training showed better competence (b=0.087, P<0.001) and (b=0.067, P=0.028) respectively . The four variables of professional identity, self-efficacy, residence location and career development course can explain 50.6% of the total variation in completion ability score. Conclusions The competence of nursing interns is above the average level though there is still space for further improvement. Professional identity and self-efficacy have positive impacts on the competence development of nursing interns. Nursing educators can set up relevant courses and pay more attention to the students from rural area to help nursing students to establish professional emotion and to strengthen education on professional identity and self-efficacy, so as to support the capacity building of nursing students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An analysis of leadership status of medical graduate freshmen Li Yue, Shao Chengliang 2022, 42 (2):  168-170.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210609-00734 Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (785KB) ( 97 )   Objective To investigate the leadership status of medical graduate freshmen with leadership scales from different models and put forward suggestions for improvement. Methods A total of 209 medical graduate freshmen enrolled in 2020 and 2021 in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University were selected as the survey subjects. The students were evaluated by socially responsible leadership scale (SRLS), emotionally intelligent leadership scale (EILS) and student leadership practices inventory (SLPI). Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The scores of SRLS, EILS and SLPI were (275.11±29.03), (102.18±14.5) and (129.12±18.02), respectively. The scoring rates were 80.9%, 85.2% and 86.1%, respectively.The respondents had low scores in the dimensions of self-cognition, argument with reason and change of SRLS, with a mean score of (3.54±0.44), (3.86±0.41) and (3.56±0.40) respectively.The average score of other dimensions of SRLS and all dimensions of the other two scales were all above 4. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the score of SLPI was jointly affected by the score of SRLS and EILS (F=685.65, P<0.001, R2=0.87). Conclusions Medical graduate freshmen had a lower scoring rate of SRLS than those of the other two scales. The behavior of leadership can be affected by personal responsibility and emotional intelligence factors. The training of leadership should focus on shaping the individual, group and social values of students, and focus on training in emotional management. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey and analysis of competency of medicine residents after resident standardization training Liu Lei, Chen Zhida, Wen Lihong, Pan Xia, Hua Wen, Ye Jian, Lou Hanyu, Chen Panpan, Hong Shiyan, Lei Hongmei, Xue Jing 2022, 42 (2):  171-174.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210426-00555 Abstract ( 140 )   PDF (796KB) ( 104 )   Objectives To evaluate the competency of residents after the standardization training (here after referred to as trainees) in order to provide a reference for further improvement of the residency training. Methods A questionnaire survey of competency was conducted among 80 trainees who completed their residency training at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 2017 and 2018 and 71 of supervising physicians in December 2020. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the data collected. Results The lower self-assessment competency score by trainees was the capacity of lifelong　learning [8.00(1.00)], research and innovation [8.00(3.00)], teaching [8.00(2.00)]. The lower score of trainee competency by supervising physicians was the capacity of research and innovation [9.00(2.00)], teaching [9.00(2.00)]. Conclusions Both trainees and their supervising physicians reached the agreement that the trainees' training in the capacity of research and innovation, teaching was weak and should be strengthened in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The current status and consideration of geriatrician's continuing medical education Deng Linzi, Shi Hong, Xi Huan 2022, 42 (2):  175-179.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210924-01206 Abstract ( 110 )   PDF (848KB) ( 77 )   With an increasing intensification of aging of population,the ever-growing medical demands of the elderly face the challenge from the shortage of geriatricians in China. To promote continuing medical education (CME) is an important and effective way for training geriatric physicians. This paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of CME for the training of geriatric doctors, and puts forward some suggestions, such as improving the understanding of geriatric specialty, paying more attention to the planning and design of CME for geriatric doctors' training, and strengthening the management of CME for geriatric doctors, in order to provide reference for optimizing the implementation mechanisms of CME of geriatric doctors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the construction of quality evaluation index system for undergraduates in clinical medicine Wang Gege, Zeng Ying, Li Jue 2022, 42 (2):  180-184.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210422-00533 Abstract ( 128 )   PDF (843KB) ( 168 )   Objective The purpose of this study was to build a quality evaluation index system for clinical medicine undergraduates, and to provide a basis for the development of quality assessment and tracking investigation work for clinical medical profession. Methods The literature research method and the Delphi method were used to formulate the evaluation index of graduate training quality in clinical medicine undergraduates, and two rounds of consultation in 18 medical experts were performed to complete the determination of the indicator. The fuzzy hierarchical analysis method was used to determine the index weights. Results The recovery of the questionnaire was 100.0%,which means that the experts have high enthusiasm. The authority coefficient of experts was 0.88, which means good reliability. The variation coefficient was less than 0.25, and the Kendall's coefficient of concordance(W) was 0.246 (P<0.001), which shows the good concordance degree of expert opinions. This study constructed a comprehensive ability evaluation index system for undergraduates majoring in clinical medicine, including three primary level indicators,nine secondary level indicators and twenty-six tertiary level indicators. Conclusions This study constructed a comprehensive ability evaluation index system for undergraduates majoring in clinical medicine, including three primary level indicators of professional quality, knowledge level, and work ability, nine secondary level indicators and twenty-six tertiary level indicators, which covered the basic requirements of clinical medical undergraduates' training objective, and provided a basis for the development of quality assessment and tracking investigation work for clinical medical profession. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and reflection on the results of anesthesia skill competition in Shandong Province Sun Xiaotong, Juan Zhaodong, Zhang Rui, Sun Li'na 2022, 42 (2):  185-188.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210708-00866 Abstract ( 49 )   PDF (830KB) ( 52 )   Objective Explore the problems in the basic theories and skill operations in the results of the anesthesiologist skill competition, further reflect on the effect of undergraduate education, and strengthen the construction of anesthesia talent team. Methods Totally 66 anesthesiologists were selected from the Shandong Provincial Anesthesia Skills Competition in 2020, and their basic information was collected using questionnaire methods. The data analysis method was used to statistically analyze the results of the basic theoretical assessment and the skill operation assessment. The correctness rate was tested with χ2, and the t-test was used when compared to passing scores. Results There were differences in the correctness of the answers to various subjects in the basic theoretical assessment of anesthesiologists. The accuracy rate of basic medical hygiene and health promotion method was the highest 90.5% (597/660), and the accuracy rate of anesthesia physiology was the lowest 51.1%(675/1 320); the score of endotracheal intubation(64.82±11.00)was lower than the passing score (76 points), and the scores of central venous puncture (82.67±11.70) as well as artery puncture manometry (82.48±9.19) were all higher than passing score (76 points). The difference was statistically significant (all P<0.001). Conclusions Anesthesiologists should improve the standardization of the operation of anesthesiology professional skills, and strengthen the two-way integration of the basic theory and skill operation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Main characteristics and enlightment of medical education in medieval European universities Gao Yan 2022, 42 (2):  189-192.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20210621-00788 Abstract ( 168 )   PDF (826KB) ( 121 )   Medieval university is the beginning of western higher medical education. It is characterized by separation of theory and practice, surgery and internal medicine and by the integration of medicine with humanities. These three characteristics have their own historical origins and social background and shows a more obvious trend through the medieval universities. Due to the influence of revival of medical knowledge and Scholasticism, medical education in medieval universities for a long time focuses on theory rather than practice. The status of University doctors is significantly higher than that of surgeons. Surgical practice is regarded as a kind of manual labor and is despised. At the same time, philosophy, logic and other humanities take the space of basic training with humanistic coloring for medical students. References | Related Articles | Metrics