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Design and implementation of a competency-based fellowship training evaluation system Yang Ying, Li Ye, Wang Ruoning, Wang Xiang, Jiang Hui 2020, 40 (11):  849-852.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200701-00989 Abstract ( 210 )   PDF (762KB) ( 323 )   The standardized fellowship training at Peking University has been carried out for 5 years. A competency-based fellowship training evaluation system has been built up, with the process assessment, the middle exams and the final exams. It was elaborated in this article about the design and implementation of the fellowship training assessment system, focusing on the final examination component, and analyzing the assessment results of resent from 2018 to 2019 for the purpose of exploring an efficient and reasonable evaluation format, and to improve the fellowship training and evaluation system in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research hotspot and development trend of medical education in China Wu Yue, Zhai Shuangqing, Yuan Na, Yang Fang, Wang Xiaoxuan, Jiao Nan 2020, 40 (11):  853-857.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200309-00289 Abstract ( 636 )   PDF (2168KB) ( 379 )   Objective This paper analyzes the research hotspots and development trend of medical education in China, so as to provide reference for the later medical education reform and practice. Methods Using bibliometrics research method, 18 537 academic literatures from 2010 to 2019 published in four journals like Chinese Journal of Medical Education were taken as research objects, and visual charts were generated by Citespace software. Based on the results of the charts, research hotspots and development trends in the field of medical education were analyzed. Results The key words of high-frequency research in the field of medical education include medical students, teaching reform, clinical teaching, teaching methods, experimental teaching, etc.; research topics can be grouped into six categories: teaching, medical students, graduate students, experimental teaching, teaching reform, resident doctors; emergent topics include case teaching method, medical graduate education, professional degree, etc. Conclusions From 2010 to 2019, the hot spots of medical education research in China are teaching reform, teaching methods, experimental teaching, clinical teaching, practical teaching, professional quality training, etc. The trend of medical education research shows that the research field is gradually precise, the research object is specific, the research direction is tight, and the research content is closely related to the policy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An investigation on the intention of senior high school students for entrance into medicine college and reasons Yang Chaoqun, Lai Jingwei, Cheng Yaqing, Liu Zeyu, Deng Guoying 2020, 40 (11):  858-862.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200209-00118 Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (840KB) ( 45 )   Objective To understand the current situation of senior high school students' willingness to join entrance examination for clinical medicine and to explore reasons. Methods Totally 5 344 senior high school students from 10 high schools located in four provinces (cities) as Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guizhou and Jiangxi from March 2019 to June 2019 were selected to fill the questionnaire.The questionnaire were used to observe the difference of willingness in gender, academic performance, etc. Then analyzed the factors that affect their willingness.Chi-square test and Logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. Results The results showed that only 5.6%(300/5 344) of senior high school students had strong willingness to learn clinical medicine. Female and senior ones(the third year),ones with excellent academic performance and fathers who are engaged in the medical industry are more likely to choose medicine. The proportions are 6.8%(191/2 817)、8.6%(112/1 304)、7.3%(30/412)、16.3%(20/123). In terms of gender (χ2=15.298,P<0.01), grade (χ2=28.864,P<0.01), academic performance (χ28.393,P=0.039), whether father was engaged in the medical industry (χ2=26.931,P<0.01), the differences of high school students' willingness to learn clinical medicine are statistically significant. Students who interest in medicine(OR=200.24,95%CI:128.38~312.34), know about the current medical education model(OR=9.43, 95%CI:6.96~12.78), have high recognition of doctors' career prospects(OR=0.37, 95%CI:0.25~0.55), think that the current doctor-patient relationship is very harmonious(OR=0.38, 95%CI:0.21~0.71), get medical related information through traditional media or books(OR=2.87, 95%CI:1.64~5.05), have a deeper impression on the positive image created by the media(OR=1.66,95%CI:1.18~2.32), and prefer documentary films(OR=1.99,95%CI:1.49~2.65) trend to choose clinical medicine. Conclusions Senior high school students have lower willingness for the learning of clinical medicine, which is affected by many factors. In order to attract more high-quality students to get education of medicine and thus make contribution of the health of people in China, the joint efforts of schools, media and society are needed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A research on the quality monitoring of student-centered online teaching in medical universities Lin Aihua, Li Jianhua, Li Hui, Huang Hua, Zheng Yanru, Zhang Chiteng, Zhao Xingcun 2020, 40 (11):  863-867.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200410-00533 Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (1023KB) ( 89 )   During the pandemic of COVID-19 infection, the Ministry of Education requires colleges and universities to develop online education in order to avoid risk of infection and minimize negative impact on education How to effectively monitor the quality of online teaching and ensure the real equivalence of online and offline is a realistic problem that all universities must think about. This paper analyzes the weakness and challenges existing in online teaching quality monitoring, and explores the new normality in the development of student-centered online education in medical universities based on the experience from Guangzhou Medical University. On the basis of the earlier teaching reform, Guangzhou Medical University has effectively monitored online teaching by formulating and optimizing the evaluation criteria, carrying out the online teaching satisfaction survey, establishing online teaching supervision system as well as weekly quality report system and so on. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of professional values among faculty in nursing school Zhang Yanyun, Lyu Qingna, Zhao Honglin, Dong Lixia 2020, 40 (11):  868-871.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200319-00381 Abstract ( 47 )   PDF (804KB) ( 25 )   Objective To investigate and analyze the nursing professional values of the nursing professional teachers, and analyze the nursing teachers' professional values and the main influence factors, to meet the demand of social effectiveness of high-quality nursing talents to provide empirical basis and practice guidance. Methods Using cross-sectional survey questionnaire survey method,to investigate the nursing professional values of 101 participants. Results Nursing professional teachers' professional values total score is 113.06±15.42,The degree of recognition was higher, the teaching working years and the wage level are related to the values measured. Conclusions Nursing teachers should know the main factors affecting their professional values, take the effective measures to constantly improve their professional values. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the development stage of medical students' professionalism on self-cognition Yang Guitao, Zhong Yanling, Chen Yantong, Huang Biling, Qiu Xiuhua 2020, 40 (11):  872-875.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200131-00100 Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (775KB) ( 67 )   Objective To compare the characteristics of development stage of medical students professionalism from different grades and to put forward the relative suggestions. Methods The questionnaire was self-designed. 427 students from grade 2014 to grade 2018 majoring in clinical medicine in Shantou University Medical College were selected by stratified random sampling to finish the questionnaires. The data were analyzed by and nonparametric rank sum test. Results Percent of pass of medical professionalism is 70.9%(303/427). Excellent and great rate of medical professionalism is 49.6%(212/427). The average scores of medical student's professionalism from the first grade to the fifth grade was 51.8,70.7,68.2,73.8 and 71.9 in turn. There were statistically significant differences between two average scores of the adjacent grades(all P＜0.05). Conclusions Generally the medical professionalism is good, and the development characteristics show the advance in waves and imbalance. The senior grade's professionalism level is higher than the junior grade's generally. It is suggested that pertinent measures should be taken to strengthen the humanistic knowledge education, think highly of educational function of clinical practice and cultivate medical students' professionalism contrapuntally according to different grades. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the tendency of moral dilemma for medical students in Shanghai Jiao Tong University Zhu Xiaoyan, Shen Li, Shi Lili, Cai Yuyang 2020, 40 (11):  876-878.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191202-01041 Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (791KB) ( 30 )   Objective To study the choice tendency of medical students in Shanghai Jiao Tong University when facing moral dilemma. Methods The choice of moral dilemma was designed in the emergency room situation and the “theme of scalpers” situation. In June 2019, a survey was conducted among 506 medical undergraduates of grade 2017 and grade 2018 from Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical College. Results In the emergency room situation, 60.5% (293/484) of the students preferred to treat the seriously injured patients and the deontological principle; 38.0%(184/484) of the students chose to treat the moderately injured patients and preferred the principle of maximum happiness. In the “theme of scalpers” situation, 89.3% (432/484) of the students thought that money should not be involved in the proper and reasonable distribution of medical resources. Conclusions Students tend to the deontological principle, and most of them think that market activities can not exclude and replace morality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between perfectionism, automatic thinking and depression in medical college students Lin Zhongli, Lin Xianhao 2020, 40 (11):  879-882.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200320-00384 Abstract ( 91 )   PDF (774KB) ( 71 )   Objective To explore the relationships between the perfectionism,automatic thoughts and depression in medical university students,to provide suggestions for improving students' negative emotions. Methods The questionnaire including the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale,Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory, was administrated among 334 students. Results Depression were significantly and correlated with automatic thoughts and perfectionism(except for the organized dimension),while automatic thoughts positively related to depression(r=0.42~0.47,P<0.01).Students' automatic thoughts had mediating effect between maladapitive perfectionism and depression (r=0.69,P<0.01), the ratio of mediating effect to total effect was 64.9%. Conclusions The effect of perfectionism on depression is partially mediated by automatic thoughts.This will provide a new perspective on depression intervention for maladaptive perfectionists. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation study on occupational attitudes and hardiness personality among nursing students in clinical practice in the Yangtze River delta during the prevention of COVID-19 Bi Xuanyi, Wang Dengtai, Chen Wenyao 2020, 40 (11):  883-887.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200317-00360 Abstract ( 64 )   PDF (818KB) ( 36 )   Objective To investigate the status quo and correlation of Occupational Attitudes and Hardiness Personality among Nursing Students in clinical practice in the Yangtze River delta during the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods On February 2020, 427 nursing students in clinical practice in the Yangtze River delta were investigated with self-reporting questionnaires consisted of demographic information, nursing occupation attitude scale and hardiness personality scale. Results The total score of occupation attitudes was(6.00±0.99), and the total score of hardiness personality was(2.78±0.54). Under the prevention of COVID-19, the nursing students' occupation attitudes was positively correlated with hardiness personality(P＜0.01). The scores of resilience, control, engagement and challenge were (0.61±0.12), (0.83±0.17), (0.62±0.13) and (0.72±0.15) respectively. There was a certain correlation between professional attitude and the total score of hardiness and its four dimensions (correlation coefficients were 0.278, 0.243, 0.247, 0.278, 0.289 respectively, P<0.01). Conclusions During the epidemic period, the professional attitude and personality of nursing interns in Yangtze River Delta were more positive, and there was a certain positive correlation between them. Nursing schools and teaching hospitals should actively guide nursing students to establish good occupational attitudes by improving their personality hardiness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research of psychological health factors among residents in affiliated hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic Ma Ruixin, Xu Wendi, Wu Zehua, Wang Fei, Xu Xiaofeng, Wang Chao 2020, 40 (11):  888-892.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200401-00471 Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (819KB) ( 32 )   Objective To explore the factors affecting the mental health of standardized training residents in affiliated hospital during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A questionnaire survey was distributed with the Kessler 10 scale to measure the mental health of all residents in training, and ordered logistics regression was used to analyzing its mental health influencing factors. Results It was found that 12.5%(141/1 125) of residents had a high risk of mental illness and 2.1% (24/1 125) of residents had a higher risk. Working in first-line departments, as well as residents and their relatives who have negative views on the choice of medical professions have an impressive impact on the risk of mental illness. In the same time, no exposure to infection cases, learning autonomously facilitated significantly of decreasing the risk of mental illness. Conclusions Multiple factors affect the mental health of residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Residents' exposure risk, learning capacity, and social environment are important factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The practice and exploration of the training of clinical scientific research of medical students in the theoretical teaching of otorhinolaryngology Wu Xuan, Chen Kaitian, Zhuang Huiwen, Wen Weiping 2020, 40 (11):  893-896.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200616-00917 Abstract ( 43 )   PDF (773KB) ( 38 )   Objective To explore the role and significance of clinical scientific research training for medical students in the teaching practice of otorhinolaryngology. Methods The otorhinolaryngology theory was introduced to the undergraduates of 2015 and 2016 five-year medical department of Sun Yat-sen University from September 2018 to December 2019.The comprehensive teaching method of research capacity building combined with case study was adopted. The questionnaire survey method was used to compare the students' cognition, attitude and evaluation of related clinical scientific research ability before and after the teaching.Chi square test was used for data analysis. Results According to the questionnaire survey, the students’ satisfaction rate for the teaching method of clinical research training was 93.9%(216/230); 87.8%(202/230) students were willing to carry out clinical research in the future clinical work; Before and after teaching, they were more interested in clinical research [31.4%(74/236) vs 56.5%(130/230)]. The importance of clinical research [29.7%(70/236) vs 54.8%(126/230)] and enthusiasm for participating in clinical research activities [20.3%(48/236) vs 46.1%(106/230)] were also improved. The abilities of making full use of school research resources [50.8%(120/236) vs 81.7%(188/230)] and being familiar with clinical research process [11.9%(28/236) vs 42.6%(98/230)] also elevated (all P<0.05). The differences were also statistically significant (P<0.05) in the ability to design clinical scientific research projects [12.7% (30/236) vs 30.0%(69/230)], the ability to consult Chinese literature [34.7%(82/236) vs 61.7%(142/230)], and the ability to consult foreign literature [28.0%(66/236) vs 46.1%(106/230)]. Conclusions The clinical research training can be applied to the teaching of otorhinolaryngology theory, which is helpful to improve students' interest and capacity of clinical scientific research-related ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis of the research skills development for postgraduates with professional degrees in pediatrics Zhou Yunlian, Wang Yuqi, Zhang Yuanyuan, Chen Zhimin 2020, 40 (11):  897-900.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200414-00561 Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (801KB) ( 34 )   Objective To explore the current situation of the research skill training for postgraduates with specialized degree in pediatrics and to put forward some suggestions. Methods There were 56 graduates were enrolled in the present study. Quantitative questionnaire method was used during the data collection in order to evaluate the current research abilities of these students and to provide feedbacks for the adoption of improvement measures of research skill. Results There are only 25.0%(14/56) of graduates published articles as the first author, 64.3% (36 / 56) of the postgraduates read less than 4 articles per month, 92.9% (52 / 56) of the postgraduates thought that scientific research training courses should be carried out, and 82.1% (48 / 56) of the postgraduates thought that clinical work had an impact on the cultivation of scientific research ability. Conclusions The research ability of the postgraduate students in pediatrics major needs to be further improved. It is suggested to strengthen the cultivation of scientific research thinking, optimize the setting of scientific research courses, strengthen the construction of the tutor team, promote the combination of scientific research and clinical practice, train pediatricians with comprehensive development of scientific research and clinical practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of medical students' readiness for the trans-discipline learning Sun Pengxia, Li Shuya, Li Fan 2020, 40 (11):  901-904.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200511-00729 Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (818KB) ( 50 )   Objective To understand the medical students' readiness for trans-discipline learning. Methods All 471 medical students from the three top hospitals in Beijing were selected as the objects of the survey from August 2018 to August 2019. General Information Questionnaire, Chinese Version of Readiness for trans-discipline Learning Scale, and trans-discipline Communication Ability Questionnaire were used to investigate the current situation of medical students. Results The scores of the 471 medical students' readiness for trans-discipline learning were 72.45±9.82, there are differences in the level of RIPLS among medical students of different majors (76.02±0.64,71.16±0.59 vs. 70.74±1.68,F=12.388, P<0.01).The results of level analysis showed that the scores of medical students with different age, gender, major, school duration and communication skills had statistically significant differences (F=14.479,P<0.01). Conclusions The medical students' readiness for trans-discipline learning is ranked at the middle level. The recognition of occupation, their roles and responsibilities of medical students need to be improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice and evaluation of online PBL teaching in oral and maxillofacial oncology Zhang Wenbo, Su Jiazeng, Guo Yuxing, Wang Diancan, Shan Xiaofeng, Liu Shuming, Huang Mingwei, Guo Chuanbin, Peng Xin 2020, 40 (11):  905-908.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200313-00333 Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (766KB) ( 76 )   Objective To practice and evaluate the outcome of online PBL teaching in oral and maxillofacial oncology. Methods The study was conducted among the undergraduate students in Peking University School of Stomatology.A total of 60 undergraduate students, divided into 8 groups, participated in the online PBL courses of oral and maxillofacial oncology.The courses of oral and maxillofacial oncology were carried out with online PBL teaching model. The students and teachers were required to complete an assessment questionnaire and evaluate the outcome subjectively. Additionally, the outcome was also evaluated in an online examination objectively. Results All the teachers and 60.0% (36 / 60) of the students agreed with the online PBL teaching method,76.7% (46 / 60) of the students and 62.5% (5 / 8) of the teachers thought that the online PBL teaching method could achieve the same effect as the traditional offline PBL teaching method. The average score of the whole class was 92.83. Conclusions The online PBL teaching is a reliable and effective model which is worthy of promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experience of application of online simulation teaching on clinical reasoning training for medical students Yu Hong, Zhang Jin, Li Yanjun, Chen Qi, Liu Xueyong 2020, 40 (11):  909-912.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200324-00417 Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (845KB) ( 73 )   Objective To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of online simulation on clinical reasoning training. Methods Online clinical reasoning training was implemented through tencent Meeting platform for graduate medical students. Associated medical knowledge was arranged before the class for preparation. In the online classroom, history taking, physical examination, lab or imaging examination prescription and explaining, and decision making of diagnosis and treatment were performed by the students, who played as physician,while the trainer as standardized patient.A briefing was taken after the procedures. Process-evaluation was made and questionnaires were distributed to inquire of satisfaction of students and barriers of undertake online class for teachers. Results The class was successfully performed without difficulty. The students were interested in online training and highly involved in discussion. 70.0% of students interacted with the trainer without delay,which means they were concentrated on the class on the other end of computer or smartphone. 100% students were satisfied with the class and expected the similar class. Conclusions Online simulation on clinical reasoning training is feasible and effective with high satisfaction, which is valuable in distant education or in some special context. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of the virtual reality in traing skill of pediatric lumbar puncture by eight-year program students in medical college Ding Jing, Liu Jing, Xiao Yihan, Zeng Chaomei 2020, 40 (11):  913-916.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200209-00117 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (772KB) ( 46 )   Objective To study the effects of virtual reality in pediatric lumbar puncture clinical skill training of medical students. Methods This study uses an experimental control method. A randomized controlled study was conducted with 33 eight-year program students of the Peking University Health Science Center(16 in experimental group and 17 in the control group) from May 2018 to April 2019. The students in experimental group were taught by the virtual reality lumbar puncture model and the those in the control group were taught by traditional rubber lumbar puncture model. All the students were evaluated by clinical skill and theoretical knowledge tests after training. The degree of recognition of virtual reality lumbar puncture training system was investigated via symposium and questionnaire survey. Results The operating skills of the students in the experimental group were better than those in the control group [(73.4±3.6) vs (69.6±3.9),t=2.804, P＜0.01]. There was no significant difference in the communication skills[(8.3±0.6) vs (8.4±0.6),t=-0.042, P=0.967)] and theoretical knowledge [(8.4±0.6) vs (8.5±0.4),t=-0.191, P=0.850)] between the two groups. The virtual reality lumbar puncture training system was accepted by most of the students in experimental group. Conclusions The virtual reality plays an active role in lumbar puncture skill training of eight-year medical students. It can improve the skills of lumbar puncture References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The flash animation video assisted skill training for pulpectomy of primary teeth Jia Weiqian, Li Jing, Guo Yidan, Qin Man 2020, 40 (11):  917-920.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200418-00596 Abstract ( 55 )   PDF (808KB) ( 46 )   Objective To evaluate the application of flash animation video about pulpectomy of primary teeth in the prophase of clinical practice teaching. Methods Totally 60 students of 8-year-program and 5-year-program in undergraduates enrolled in 2015 who participated in the prophase of Pediatric Dentistry of Peking University School of Stomatology from May 2019 to July 2019 was randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 30 students in each. Flash animation video and clinical operation video were carried out respectively. The implementation effect was evaluated from the following two aspects: Students' mastery of basic knowledge and operation points, pre-clinical practice operation score. Results In terms of students' mastery of basic knowledge and operation points, the scores in the experimental group were higher than that in the control group [(4.29±0.49)vs(4.03±0.47)], especially in the access of the pulp[(4.29±0.55) vs (3.90±0.55)], root canal preparation[(4.36±0.49) vs (4.09±0.54)] and root canal filling[(4.18±0.62) vs (3.72±0.57)] (all P<0.05). In the evaluation for clinical operation, the students in the experimental group had the scored (90.67 ± 5.98) significantly higher than that of the control group (87.00 ± 6.90), (t=2.20,P=0.03). Conclusions The teaching assisted by flash animation video for pulpectomy of primary teeth is helpful to improve students' learning outcomes and support efficacy of skill training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current situation of graduate education for master candidates of nursing Jia Jinzhong, Cao Wei, Wei Ruinan, Song Hong, Wang Zhifeng, Duan Liping 2020, 40 (11):  921-925.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200318-00372 Abstract ( 122 )   PDF (786KB) ( 44 )   Objective To explore the challenges existing in graduate education of nursing master's degree and put forward corresponding countermeasures. Methods The theme framework method was used to analyze the special evaluation summary report from 28 universities and 15 experts' comments during a special evaluation for candidates of master degree of nursing in 2014. Results It was found that 53.6%(15/28) of the training institutions for master of nursing degree were located in the eastern developed areas, while high-uality talents were scarce in the western region. And 14.3%(4/28) of the training institutions and 4 experts believed that the training objectives of various professional fields of nursing professimal degree were still unclear. The results also showed that 21.4%(6/28) of the training institutions and 5 experts thought that the type of clinical practice base could not meet the requirements of professional degree practice The setting of training links such as course teaching and clinical practice can not reflect the training goal of professional degree meeting the needs of clinical posts. Conclusions There are still some problems in the professional degree education of master of nursing, such as the mismatch between the supply and demand of talents in the eastern and western regions, the ineffective integration of resources such as clinical practice base, teaching staff and funding, and weak training links. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the discipline construction, improve the support and training system construction, so as to cultivate high-level practical nursing talents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bibliometric analysis of English dissertations of doctoral students in nursing discipline abroad Shi Xiuxiu, Zhou Chenxi, Zhou Ying, Li Zheng 2020, 40 (11):  926-930.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191223-01111 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (1532KB) ( 108 )   Objective To explore the research status and hot trends of philosophy doctoral dissertations of nursing in foreign countries, so to provide reference for related research in China. Methods The bibliometrics method was used in this study. From August to December 2019, based on the 15 526 philosophy doctoral dissertations of nursing in the Pro-Quest Dissertations & Theses since January 1, 1990 to August 20, 2019, the keywords were analyzed by visual analysis, co-word clustering analysis and strategic coordinate analysis. Results Researches of doctoral dissertation focus on nine aspects:nursing of obstetrics and gynecology, studies of diabetes and nutrition, health care management, nursing of cancer patients, mental health and psychology, studies of children and teenagers, women's studies and sociology, geriatric nursing care, nursing education.The related researches on mental health, the elderly and women are in the core research position and have developed relatively maturely. Conclusions There are a wide range of topics and research objects in the doctoral dissertation of nursing discipline in foreign countries. Mental health, elderly care, female group and sociology are hot areas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the working and learning state of professional degree postgraduates and residents under the combined training mode Chen Lifen, Wang Yajun, Li Yue, Wang Qiaoyan, Lei Liping, Luo Linzhi, Wang Peizhong, Wang Ying, Lu Ning 2020, 40 (11):  931-935.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200227-00206 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (789KB) ( 61 )   Objective To better understand the working and learning status of professional degree postgraduates and residents under the combined training mode, so as to provide basis and reference for the formulation of relevant policies of the state and Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 476 trainees in 20 training bases of Beijing from July to August 2019. The survey contents include: baseline information such as gender and age, training information such as university, training base, training period, working and learning state information such as working time, duty times, and leave regulations, satisfaction with base management, welfare treatment and value realization,physical and mental conditions such as learning pressure, work demand and ownership feeling. Statistical description method was used for analysis. Results Under the combined training mode, the trainees have long working hours[only 3.2% (15/476) worked less than 40 hours per week], many times on duty[69.7% (332 / 476) were on duty more than three times a month], and the average value of working and learning pressure has reached 74.06; 85.7% (408 / 476) of the trainees agreed or basically agreed that the tutor provided them with the opportunity to increase their new experience and growth through various ways, and 76.5% (364 / 476) of the trainees agreed or basically agreed that the training would be helpful to their actual ability improvement; the mode was approved by master degree and resident doctors, and 78.2% (372 / 476) would still choose the mode if they had the opportunity to choose again, However, it is generally believed that the salary is relatively low, and social insurance, base welfare and vacation arrangement can not meet the demand. Conclusions The trainees are satisfied with the combined training mode, but they are more aware of their work intensity and pressure, less satisfied with their salary and welfare; their psychological pressure, emotional response and progress requirement need to be paid attention to. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of neurology specialist training in China and Australia Liu Ye, Dong Yi, Chen Yan, Dong Qiang 2020, 40 (11):  936-939.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200304-00256 Abstract ( 67 )   PDF (770KB) ( 45 )   The standardized resident training for neurologists in China is implemented in recent years,however,the training programs for neurology-specialist only established in very few provinces.This review provides a detailed description for the educational and training program of the neurologist in China and Australia.Comparisons are made between the training processes and the exam pathways.These comparisons may provide insights to improve the system for our neurology-specialist training with improving stratifying teaching resource, homogenous training system and fragmentary assessment,and thus contribute to training more qualified and outstanding neurologists in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Death education in medical schools of the United States and its implications Zhao Xinyi, Chen Yifan, Liu Shu, Fu Fang 2020, 40 (11):  940-944.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191203-01044 Abstract ( 137 )   PDF (802KB) ( 96 )   With the development of social economy and the progress of medical technology, medical workers are facing more and more death and dying situations, so death education in medical colleges is becoming more and more important. This paper focuses on the origin of death education in the United States, reviews the development process of death education in medical colleges, and introduces its teaching method and learning outcomes. The development of death education in American medical colleges is promoted by mass media, academic research and social development, which enlightens us to promote the development of death education in Chinese medical colleges by giving full play to the role of mass media, promotion of medical education reform and support of academic research. References | Related Articles | Metrics