医学生死亡教育体验式学习需求评估工具的构建与信度和效度检验

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20250320-00303

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的编制具有科学性、实用性的医学生死亡教育体验式学习需求评估工具,并检验其信度和效度。方法 2023年1至2月,基于前期质性研究和文献研究结果形成评估工具条目池,采用目的抽样法对14名专家进行德尔菲专家函询。2023年2至4月,采用便利抽样法,选取16个省级行政区、23所院校的1 108名医学生进行问卷调查,以分析条目并进行信度和效度检验。结果构建出的医学生死亡教育体验式学习需求评估工具,包括“希望学习到的死亡教育内容”和“感兴趣的死亡教育教学方式”2个部分,共有14个维度53个条目,2个部分的累积方差贡献率分别为87.52%和85.52%, χ²和自由度之比(χ²/DF)分别为5.452和4.627,近似误差均方根(RMSEA)分别为0.069和0.062,拟合优度指数(GFI)分别为0.860和0.927,比较拟合优质指数(CFI)分别为0.957和0.972、规范拟合指数(NFI)分别为0.948和0.964、增值拟合指数(IFI)分别为0.957和0.972、非标准拟合指数(TLI)分别为0.950和0.965。总评估工具的克朗巴赫系数为0.985,重测信度系数为0.712。结论医学生死亡教育体验式学习需求评估工具具有较好的信度和效度,可以作为调查医学生对死亡教育体验式学习需求的可靠工具。

关键词: 学生,医科, 死亡教育, 体验式学习, 需求, 评估工具, 信度和效度

Abstract: Objective To develop an assessment tool on experiential learning needs for death education in medical students with scientificity and practicality, and to test its reliability and validity. Methods Between January and February 2023, an item pool for the assessment tool was developed based on findings from prior qualitative research and literature review. Using purposive sampling, a Delphi consultation was conducted with 14 experts. From February to April 2023, a convenience sampling strategy was employed to survey 1 108 medical students from 23 institutions across 16 provinces and municipalities. The survey data were used for item analysis as well as reliability and validity testing. Results The experiential learning needs assessment tool for medical students in death education was developed to include 2 sections: ″desired content in death education″ and ″preferred teaching methods″, comprising 14 dimensions and 53 items. The cumulative variance contribution rates for the two sections were 87.52% and 85.52%, respectively. The ratio of χ² and degrees of freedom (χ²/DF) were 5.452 and 4.627, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) were 0.069 and 0.062, the goodness of fit indices (GFI) were 0.860 and 0.927, the comparative fit quality indices (CFI) were 0.957 and 0.972, the normative fit indices (NFI) were 0.948 and 0.964, the incremental fit indices (IFI) were 0.957 and 0.972; and the non-normed fit index (TLI) were 0.950 and 0.965. The overall Cronbach′s α coefficient of the tool was 0.985, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.712. Conclusions The assessment tool on experiential learning needs for death education in medical students demonstrated good reliability and validity, which can be used as a reliable tool to investigate the needs of medical students for experiential learning in death education in the future.

Key words: Students, medical, Death education, Experiential learing, Needs, Assessment tool, Reliability and validity

中图分类号:

R-05

肖瑶, 唐倩倩, 许丽杰, 岳鹏. 医学生死亡教育体验式学习需求评估工具的构建与信度和效度检验[J]. 中华医学教育杂志, 2025, 45(12): 945-950.

Xiao Yao, Tang Qianqian, Xu Lijie, Yue Peng. Development of an assessment tool on experiential learning needs for death education in medical students and test of its reliability and validity[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education, 2025, 45(12): 945-950.

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