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A review of world medical education and some thoughts on eight-year medical education program of China Wu Hongbin, Wang Weimin 2018, 38 (5):  641-646.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.001 Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (7540KB) ( 89 )   In July 2017, the State Council issued the policy of “Deepening the synergy between education and health system for promoting the reformation and development of health professions education in China”, which has epoch-making significance and means a new era of medical education in China. This paper has reviewed three generations of medical education reform in the past century, and summarized the direction of medical education development in the world. Further, the process of medical education development and reform in China has been analyzed and the idea of development lags and directions nowadays in China was put forward. Thus, a systematic thinking on eight-year medical education program was made and some suggestions on its development were given. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prospects for the development of education quality assurance system in higher medical colleges Qu Wei, Liu Xuezheng, Zhang Ting 2018, 38 (5):  647-650.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.002 Abstract ( 64 )   PDF (845KB) ( 33 )   The demand of social development for high-quality medical talents is the guiding and driving force for the construction and development of quality assurance system of higher medical education. This paper enumerates that the current development concept of higher medical education quality assurance system is not clear. Then it specifies the development concept of higher medical education quality assurance system which takes the talent training as the goal, takes students as the center, takes the teaching result as a guide, and takes the quality improvement as the purpose. And it also explores the new trend of development of the education quality assurance system in the future, combining with the development of higher medical education. This is of great significance to further strengthen the construction of education quality assurance system of higher medical colleges and improve the quality of personnel training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and study of teaching quality assurance and monitoring system of provincial colleges and universities under the perspective of academic auditing Zhang Yuli, Cai Hong, Li Jianchang, Zhang Peigong 2018, 38 (5):  651-656.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.003 Abstract ( 47 )   PDF (1503KB) ( 23 )   Academic auditing is an important part of China's five in one undergraduate teaching evaluation system. It provides a new perspective of completing quality assurance and monitoring system and a new philosophy to improve quality guarantee ability. Establish and improve teaching quality assurance system, construct scientific and effective quality assurance and control mechanism, compromise teaching, administration and quality control to an organic whole are significant guarantees to improve personnel training quality of colleges and universities. Based on effective quality concepts, standards and monitoring measures that persist in years, taking academic auditing of undergraduate teaching as an opportunity, Binzhou Medical University is using organizational guarantee as a junction to unite assurance and monitoring two relatively independent parts as one the “six in one” (aim, standard, condition, policy, learning, group), which has played an important role in the evaluation and construction process and achieved positive feedback. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Raising the teaching level in higher medical colleges starting from the basic teaching skills competition of young teachers Yi Hui, Liu Suiyan, Zhu Bei 2018, 38 (5):  657-660.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.004 Abstract ( 41 )   PDF (841KB) ( 16 )   The teaching level of young teachers in higher medical colleges plays a key role in improving the quality of teaching and the medical talents. It becomes extremely important to raise the teaching level of teachers in medical colleges, especially of those young teachers being the mainstay of teaching forces. Based on the experience and exploration of basic teaching skills competition of young teachers in Peking University Health Science Center in recent years, this paper discusses how to promote the teaching level of young teachers and the development of teaching staff through teaching competitions, and some thoughts on further doing this work. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey of doctor-patient communication status of young doctors and the training model in the department of orthopedics Gu Honglin, Zhan Shiqiang, Chang Yunbing 2018, 38 (5):  661-664.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.005 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (877KB) ( 14 )   Doctor-patient communication skills play a vital role in medical education and clinical work. In this study, the young doctors in the Guangdong General Hospital were investigated by questionnaires to understand residents' cognition of doctor-patient communication, negative communications experience and interest in communication skills training. 50 young doctors completed the survey. This survey showed that 70.0% (35/50) of the residents had received unsystematic doctor-patient communication skills training; 96.0% (48/50) of the respondents had negative experience of doctor-patient communication; 98% of the respondents believed their communication skills were insufficient; 40.0% (20/50) of the respondents were not satisfied with current communication skills education; 92.0% (46/50) of the respondents hoped to further accept communication skills training. Therefore, it is important to integrate doctor-patient communication into the compulsory training course system for residents during their standardized training, strengthening residents' communication skills, by which making the residents have good professionalism and job competence. Finally, the importance and necessity of strengthening the training of residents' doctor-patient communication ability in department of orthopedics was analyzed. Considering with the particularity of orthopedic diseases, training methods are put forward to strengthen doctor-patient communication ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The construction and practice of basic medical curriculum for clinical medicine majors Lyu Lixia, Jiang Wenxia, Shao Zhihua, Li Yuxian, Cao Jinfeng, Cai Qiaoling, Yang Wenzhuo, Xu Lei, Xu Guotong, Zheng Jialin, Zhang Xiaoqing 2018, 38 (5):  665-667.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.006 Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (830KB) ( 27 )   Tongji University School of Medicine adheres to educational philosophy of “student-oriented and student-centered”, and constructs the basic medicine curriculum for clinical medicine majors. Some measures are carried out, such as integration of basic medical courses, the whole process of problem-based learning, strengthening the connotation of “early clinical exposure”, the whole process with medical humanity education, scientific and educational cooperation, top-level design practice teaching, closely combined with scientific research ability training. In accordance with the reform of the national medical practitioner examination and the compilation of bilingual textbook for basic integrated courses, the training of excellent physician program has been promoted substantially, and certain outcomes have been achieved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on teaching reform of clinical blood transfusion curriculum for different majors in a medical college Han Lele, Liu Chengyu, Wang Haiyan 2018, 38 (5):  668-671.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.007 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (870KB) ( 17 )   In order to guarantee the teaching quality of clinical blood transfusion and improve the quality and safety of clinical transfusion, a medical college reformed the teaching of clinical blood transfusion curriculum for students of different specialties. Students of different majors are in different links of clinical blood transfusion in future professional posts, the curriculum was set up according to the requirements of different majors for students' competence. After the curriculum reform, it not only strengthens the students' study of blood transfusion knowledge, but also helps them to be better qualified for the blood transfusion work in the future, and to apply what they have learned in clinical work. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of modular online information literacy curriculum for medical students Yang Zhaohui 2018, 38 (5):  672-675.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.008 Abstract ( 39 )   PDF (836KB) ( 21 )   To promote the autonomous learning ability and lifelong learning ability of medical students, Tianjin Medical College adopts ADDIE model, namely analysis, design, develop, implement and evaluate to establish modularized online information quality courses for medical students through 3 stages, namely course analysis, course design and development and course evaluation, and the courses have features like co-existence of implantation and independence, integration with evidence-based medicine, expandability, feasibility and interaction, etc. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Integrating patient safety education into the teaching of fundamental nursing course for the undergraduate nursing students Wen Xin, Feng Xianqiong 2018, 38 (5):  676-679.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.009 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (849KB) ( 9 )   Objective To explore the effects of integrating patient safety education into the teaching of “fundamental nursing” course for the undergraduate nursing students in terms of knowledge, attitude and skills about patient safety. Methods Seventy five undergraduate nursing students from a top medical school in Sichuan were enrolled in this study. The concept of patient safety and its related information were integrated into the teaching of “fundamental nursing” course using lecturing, key safety elements analysis for different nursing skills, and the safety warning case study. The patient safety knowledge, attitudes, and skills questionnaire (APSQ) were administered before and after the course. Results The pre-course questionnaire scores in the dimensions of “medical errors related knowledge”, “what should I do when medical error occurred”, and “personal attitude of patient safety” were higher than the post-course Questionnaire scores(all P<0.01). Conclusions Integrating patient safety education to the teaching of “fundamental nursing”course can effectively improve undergraduate nursing students' patient safety knowledge, attitudes and skills with regard to certain dimensions, however, more studies are needed to further confirm the results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on physician's professionalism cognitive status among medical students Sun Jiating, Wu Xi, Qu Geping, Cai Xinyi, Chen Junjian, Fang Yanjun 2018, 38 (5):  680-684.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.010 Abstract ( 55 )   PDF (865KB) ( 30 )   Objective To understand physician's professionalism status among medical students and its influencing factors, thus provide methods of improving it. Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used in this study, in which we surveyed on cognition of physician's professionalism among 547 students from two medical colleges by using a 27-item questionnaire. Results Students in two medical colleges have a mean of (4.00±0.460)(total score 5) in physician's professionalism, among which professional will is the highest (4.33±0.609) and medical occupational cognition is the lowest (3.63±0.511). There are significant differences between “parental advice or guidance” and “environmental impact” (all P<0.05) in the mean of physician's professionalism. There is a significant difference in the distribution of physician's professionalism between different majors and educational system (F=4.571,P<0.05). Also, there is a significant difference in the distribution of “weather to become a doctor in the future”(F=14.066,P<0.01). Conclusions Overall, the status of physician's professionalism cognition among students is good. However, professional will is better and medical occupational cognition is worse. Both the reasons for studying medicine and educational system have a significant influence on the professionalism among medical students. Strengthening the medical students' medical occupational cognition, clarifying the intention and attitude of studying medicine, will help to elevate the physician's professionalism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The paths of integrating core socialist values into the cultivation of medical ethics among medical students Liu Jian, Li Huaizhen, Shao Lucai 2018, 38 (5):  685-688.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.011 Abstract ( 147 )   PDF (843KB) ( 83 )   Under the new situation, it is a new requirement to integrate the core socialist values into the medical ethics for medical students. It is also an important guarantee for the personal value and professional value of medical students. Medical ethics cultivation combines patriotism, devotion, integrity and friendliness, so that medical students can establish a correct outlook on life and medicine, and enhance their sense of social responsibility. Through the guidance of public opinion, the core socialist values are infiltrated into the daily life of medical students. Taking the core values of socialism as a guide, medical humanities curriculum resources are integrated. Playing the role of Ideological and political education, the core socialist values are run through the whole process of medical students' education and teaching. Through the practice of medical ethics, the core socialist values are understood, identified, internalized and practiced by medical students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The correlation between positive attitude towards communication skills and empathy ability among medical students Hu Shiyu, Huang Lei, Feng Wei, Li Qingwei, Fu Yi 2018, 38 (5):  689-693.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.012 Abstract ( 53 )   PDF (991KB) ( 31 )   Objective To evaluate the current status of medical students positive attitude towards communication skills and to explore the correlation between positive attitude towards communication skills and empathy ability among medical students. Methods One thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight medical students from three medical colleges in Shanghai were participated in this study, and questionnaire survey was conducted by cluster sampling of class from grade one to grade five. Descriptive analysis, t-test, F-test, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results The mean score of positive attitude dimension of CSAS among the participants was (51.68±6.760) and total mean score of empathy ability was (103.24±14.348). Positive correlations were found between positive attitude towards communication skills and empathy ability (r=0.588, P<0.01). Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that medical students' attitude towards medicine, the importance of communication skills and empathy ability had significant prediction on positive attitude towards communication skills. These variables can explain 0.359 of total variance. After controlling the two other variables, empathy ability can explain 0.272 of the variance. Conclusions Communication skills attitude of medical students was positive on the whole. Enhancing their empathy ability was beneficial to improve their positive attitude towards communication skills. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The current situation of mental health in standardized training residents and impact factors analysis Zhang Lei, Wu Hao, Du Minghui, Wang Zhengyang 2018, 38 (5):  694-698.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.013 Abstract ( 134 )   PDF (951KB) ( 34 )   Objective To explore measures to improve mental health in standardized training residents, analyzing the problems and impact factors of them. Methods The residents in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital were selected as the research object. Through questionnaire, the paper explored the problems of mental health, and the data from the investigation were analyzed. Results 56.6%(138/244)of the residents felt great pressure, 31.6%(77/244)of the residents' mental health was not optimal. Work load, income and mental health knowledge understanding level were the main factors influencing the residents' mental health. Conclusions Lessening the working pressure, increasing the income, cultivating the practice-based learning ability, mental health education and supportive psychological intervention were the main measures to improve the mental health in standardized training residents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between perception of instructor caring and professional identify of nursing and midwifery students Dou Shanshan, Jia Meng, Bai Hua 2018, 38 (5):  699-704.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.014 Abstract ( 33 )   PDF (956KB) ( 17 )   Objective To investigate the current status of perceptions of instructor caring and professional identity of nursing students during the clinical practice in a hospital, and to explore the correlation between them. Methods 595 nursing and midwifery students were surveyed by using self-reporting questionnaires consisted of demographic information, the nursing students' perception of instructor caring (NSPIC) and the professional identity scale during June to July 2017. The relationship between the NSPIC and the professional identity were analyzed by Pearson correlation. Results The total score of 595 nursing students' perception of instructor caring and professional identity were (133.93±11.73) and (43.85±4.69). It was found that the two were positively correlated (r=0.440, P<0.01). Conclusions The care of nursing students need to be strengthened, and the professional identification of nursing students needs to be improved. The NSPIC has positive influence on nursing professional identity. Instructors should strengthen caring of nursing students to improve their professional identity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of the components in problem-based learning system on critical thinking ability of undergraduate medical students Pu Dan, Wu Liling, Wang Yun 2018, 38 (5):  705-708.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.015 Abstract ( 43 )   PDF (844KB) ( 14 )   Objective To investigate the influence of 3 components in problem-based learning system, that is students, tutors and learning cases, on the critical thinking ability of undergraduate medical students. Methods A total of 114 medical students of grade 2013 in Peking University were involved in this study. The scores of student performance, tutor performance and case quality were collected after PBL teaching. The Chinese version of the critical thinking disposition inventory (CTDI-CV) was used to assess the critical thinking ability. Multiple linear regression analysis was used with the CTDI-CV scores as dependent variable, and the scores of student performance, tutor performance and case quality as independent variable. Correlation was analyzed between the 3 components in PBL system and the critical thinking ability. The analysis of numerical data was conducted by using SPSS 16.0. Results Critical thinking disposition of third-year undergraduate medical students in Peking University was at a positive level, the average total score was 303.5 and all subscale scores were over 40. Multiple linear regression analysis results showed 2 factors were of significance, that were students and case quality. Positive correlation was found between the scores of students and case quality with the scores of critical thinking ability, especially with the self-confidence subscale and the inquisitiveness subscale. Conclusions The performance of students and the case quality in PBL system are the key components which exert a significant influence on critical thinking ability and should be improved in medical education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and optimization of medical information retrieval blended teaching based on an empirical research of study preference Wang Yufang, Fu Liping, Cao Bing, Liu Zhenqiu 2018, 38 (5):  709-713.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.016 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (895KB) ( 19 )   Objective With advantages of different teaching approach, design and optimize a blended teaching model and learning resource based on study preference and rules of learning. Methods Analyze the study preference and study behaviors of students who have participated in the medical literature retrieval and application A in Fudan University in 2017. The 194 students include grade 2015 in clinical medicine major with 8-year-program and grade 2015 in Basic Medicine major with 5-year-program. The study behavior data were collected from the online platform, and the study preference data from questionnaire. Chisq analysis and ANOVA analysis were applied to analyze the data. Results The study preferences were significant different among four teaching methods (online autonomous learning, PBL, flipped classroom, traditional teaching) in different type of knowledge, such as introduction (χ2=36.01,P<0.001). For basic knowledge, students preferred the online autonomous learning; for comprehensive application and thinking method, students preferred traditional class teaching. There were significant differences in the discussion participation of students with different preferences in teaching form (χ2=17.87,P<0.001), but there was no significant difference in online self-test scores. In the form of learning resources, the PPT divided by knowledge points in PDF format is the most popular. Conclusions In blended teaching design, Teachers should not only focus on micro-video and flipped classroom, the learning characteristics of various kinds of knowledge should be fully considered. Comprehensive implementation of a variety of teaching forms should be applied in view of the students' learning preference. Teachers should give full play to the advantages of online autonomous learning, carefully design the PBL and flipped classroom to deepen the knowledge internalization, build the micro-grid and multi-dimensional learning resource system, and establish the mechanism of self-learning supervise. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of peer-assisted learning in practice teaching of gastroenterology Ding Wenjin, Jiang Gengru, Gui Xi, Fan Jiangao 2018, 38 (5):  714-717.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.017 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (918KB) ( 26 )   Objective To explore and evaluate the application of peer-assisted learning(PAL) teaching in the clinical skills of gastroenterology department. Methods The teaching and practice of abdominal puncture and gastric tube retention were carried out in 87 medical interns of Xinhua Hospital in 2015-2017, of which 43 were along to the control group, and 44 were along to the test group. The traditional teaching method was used in control group while the PAL teaching was received in test one. The practice test and theoretical examination results were compared in the two groups. The assessment about the ability of the critical thinking ability on the 7 dimensions was used. Besides, the effect of teaching was evaluated through a questionnaire survey. Results The scores of abdominal puncture and gastric tube operation in test group were (84.86 ±4.54) and (83.76±4.14), respectively, higher than those of the control group (80.09±4.64) and (79.79±5.05), with statistical significance (all P<0.05). The difference between two groups in the total scores of practice test and theoretical examination was statistically significant [(83.75 ±2.35) vs (80.92±3.63), P< 0.05]. The total score of critical thinking ability in test group (217.62 + 31.76) was superior to that of the control group (80.92 + 3.63) (P<0.05). It had obvious advantages in “finding the truth”, “systematized ability” and “self-confidence” (all P<0.05). Conclusions PAL teaching could improve the practical skills and critical thinking ability. More communication and collaboration among students occurred during the PAL teaching. Therefore, it had certain feasibility. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of simulation-based diagnosis and treatment in clinical teaching of obstetrics and gynecology Wang Fang, Zhang Yang, Feng Wen, Liu Yaqiong, Sun Qian, Gao Yuan, Yang Wen, Wu Xiaoyan 2018, 38 (5):  718-721.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.018 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (855KB) ( 24 )   Objective To explore the effect of simulation-based diagnosis and treatment in obstetrics and gynecology teaching. Methods 62 clinical medical students of five-year program, grade 2012, in Xuzhou Medical University were divided into two groups randomly, 32 students in experimental group and 30 in control group. The experimental group added a course of simulation-based diagnosis and treatment, while the control group received regular teaching. Each of the students was examined, investigated and evaluated for grades and satisfaction degree. Results There was no significant difference between experimental and control group in the scores of writing admissions records(t=1.67,P>0.05); but the scores of experimental group students were higher than the control group in the three clinical skills assessment and satisfaction degree, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P<0.05). Conclusions The simulation-based diagnosis and treatment can improve the clinical skill operation ability and teaching satisfaction degree of the interns obviously in the clinical teaching of obstetrics and gynecology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary application of problem-based learning combined case-based learning teaching methods in standardized training of general practitioners Yang Xilan, He Huiwei, Lu Xiang, Qu Chen, Jia Jian, Zhan Yiyang 2018, 38 (5):  722-725.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.019 Abstract ( 40 )   PDF (845KB) ( 21 )   Objective To explore the application effect of problem-based learning(PBL) and case-based learning(CBL) methods in standardized training of general practitioners. Methods 41 students who were trained in general practice in the Department of Geriatrics of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were selected as the study subjects from July 2013 to June 2017. 23 students from grade 2016 and 2015 adopted PBL and CBL methods as the experimental group, while 18 students from 2014 and 2013 adopted traditional teaching methods as the control group. After the training, two groups of students were surveyed and assessed. Results Questionnaire survey results showed that the scores of the experimental group is higher than those of the control group in the evaluation of learning effect and teaching effect, and the difference were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). The results in medical history collection, physical examination, the judgment of auxiliary examination and the total score of the experimental group were superior than those of the control group, and the difference were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions In the standardized training of general practitioners, PBL combined with CBL teaching methods can improve the comprehensive ability and cultivate the general thinking ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The practice and exploration of the blended learning in functional experiment teaching Tian Yuan, Jia Ziyi, Di Yang, Yu Li, Lin Yuhan, Jiang Yan, Mu Hua 2018, 38 (5):  726-729.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.020 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (1235KB) ( 13 )   To construct small private online course (SPOC) experimental network teaching platform which was suitable to our school students, and teaching of SPOC was used in functional experiment course of undergraduate five-year clinical medicine major of grade 2015. The effect of the teaching was evaluated by questionnaire, follow up, comparing experimental results in different groups and statistical analysis of the final experimental results. The results of this study showed that 97.0%(32/33) of the students in the SPOC blended learning group were more interested in learning. Better operation quality and success rate were obtained in 90.9%(30/33) of students. Nearly 80% of the students thought that the SPOC blended learning was helpful to preview the experiment, and the learning efficiency and the ability of communication and cooperationit were improved. More than 80% of the students believe that SPOC was helpful for mastering key contents and improving self-learning ability. The way of learning was well received by 84.8%(28/33) of students, who wanted to participate in similar courses. The experimental and theoretical scores of SPOC mixed learning group were higher than those of traditional teaching group, and the difference of results were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Therefore, SPOC blended learning could give full play to subjective initiative and creativity of students. The ability to analyze and solve problems of students would be improved and scientific research spirit of students would be cultivated by using the SPOC blended learning, thus classroom efficiency and teaching quality would be improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of situational simulation in the training of aseptic technique for medical students Dong Ji, Zhu Yu, Liu Chang, Sun Liqun, Wang Peisong, Wang Zhan, Li Wencui, Li Shengyun 2018, 38 (5):  730-733.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.021 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (852KB) ( 12 )   Objective To discuss the application of situational simulation in the training of aseptic technique for medical students. Methods Totally 255 interns who were clinical medicine in Henan Medical Technical College wereselected. 120 interns from grade 2014 who accepted the traditional training as the control group; 135 interns from grade 2015 who accepted the situational simulation training as the experimental group. The Kirkpatrick model was used to assess the effects of the training. Results The scores of the four levels of Kirkpatrick model including reaction, learning and behavior in the experimental group were all significantly higher than those of the control group,and there were statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusions The training of aseptic technique by using situational simulation to medical interns is helpful to improve the learning effects, to strengthen the aseptic concept and to make the aseptic behaviors be more standard. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of 3D printing technique in the teaching of total knee arthroplasty Li Yang, Tian Hua, Zhang Ke 2018, 38 (5):  734-738.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.022 Abstract ( 36 )   PDF (2966KB) ( 19 )   Objective To demonstrate the advantages of 3D printing as a teaching tool in total knee arthroplasty and the effectiveness of improving the understanding on anatomy and operative skills of young trainee surgeons. Methods 3D printing in TKA provides 3D printing models which could assisted pre-operative training of design and provided surgical rehearsals, 3D printing cutting block which could guided intra-operative osteotomy, and 3D printing software which could reviewed the patient-specific implants results. Results The 3D printing model can show the real anatomical structure to young trainee surgeons more intuitively, and the surgical rehearsal on the model provide the opportunities to operate real cases for the trainees. With the intra-operative usage of cutting block, young trainee surgeons are going to have exercise whilst ensuring there is no detriment to patient safety. At last, 3D printing software will help young trainee surgeons understand the complex cases and the patient-specific implants, as well as used for distance education. Conclusions 3D printing has a valuable role as a training tool to improve young trainee surgeons skills for it have tremendous teaching advantages in total knee arthroplasty. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and practice of virtual simulator experiment teaching center in nursing Li Hong, Hu Rongfang, Lin Yan, Liu Ying 2018, 38 (5):  739-743.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.023 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (972KB) ( 11 )   The teaching center of virtual simulation experiment of nursing of Fujian Medical University is built according to the educational idea of “ability standard”, three experimental teaching modules of “ basic nursing module, specialized nursing module and humanistic nursing module” have been formed, the teaching system of virtual simulation experiment is preliminarily constructed. In the course of construction, a series of reform of experimental teaching methods have been carried out, and laboratory management is strengthened from the aspects of construction of teachers, open sharing and information security. Experiences were accumulated in the construction of virtual simulation experiment teaching center of nursing science. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of clinical internship on competency of medical students Wang Qiuke, Rui Biyu, Xie Xuetao, Zou Jian, Chen Yunfeng 2018, 38 (5):  744-748.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.024 Abstract ( 51 )   PDF (902KB) ( 33 )   Objective To explore the influence of undergraduate medical students internship on competency and conduct a survey about internship-plan satisfaction. Methods All students who were major in clinical medicine were asked to fill a test and a questionnaire before and after their internship, which reflects students’ competency and contains 7 parts, including clinical skills, medical knowledge, clinical communication skills, professional responsibility, team work, literature-searching and scientific research ability. At the same time, an internship satisfaction questionnaire was required to be filled by every student. The same questionnaire was required to be filled by teachers at last. Results After internship study, clinical skills, clinical communication skills, professional responsibility and team work were improved significantly, while medical knowledge was controversial, literature-searching and scientific research ability were not improved. 63.9% (23/36)students were satisfied with internship plan, while the rest were not. Conclusions Undergraduate medical students improve their competency during the internship, however, there are some limitations need to be noted, especially, scientific research ability. Internship plan should be modified to get the goal for improving competency as well as students’ satisfaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of ultrasound in teaching of puncture and catheterization in percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy Zhang Mingbo, Huang Peng, Wang Yuexiang, Wu Chengzhi 2018, 38 (5):  749-752.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.025 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (889KB) ( 11 )   Objective To evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided puncture and catheterization in teaching of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). Methods From October 2017 to May 2018, 40 refresher doctors with no experience of PELD who were trained in the minimally invasive spine center in the Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA were selected as the research subjects. These doctors were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, each group had 20 doctors. The ultrasound guided teaching method was adopted in experimental group and traditional teaching method was adopted in control group. The teaching hours and teaching objectives of the two groups were the same. After the end of teaching, subjective and Objective evaluation indicators such as questionnaires and examinations were used to investigate the teaching effect. Results The doctors in the experimental group had higher score than the control group in the anatomical relationship, the surgical approach, the puncture and cannulation, the mastery of the surgical skills and total score (all P<0.05). Results of the questionnaire survey showed that the ultrasound guided teaching method was more helpful to improve the learning efficiency, to improve the understanding of the puncture approach and puncture technique of PELD, to improve the understanding and memory of the process of puncture and cannulation, and to make the surgeons more confident to perform PELD by themselves. Conclusions Ultrasound guidance is beneficial to improve the teaching effect of puncture and catheterization for PELD, and is worthy of promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The establishment and effect of Institute for Simulation and Interprofessional Studies in the education of clinical medicine postgraduate students Wang Zhenlong, Tao Lei, Zhang Peng, Li Hecheng, Xue Yuquan, Li Zhaolun, Wang Ziming, Chong Tie 2018, 38 (5):  753-756.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.026 Abstract ( 33 )   PDF (880KB) ( 14 )   Objective To explore the effectiveness of the model of ISIS system and courses of simulation training. Methods From January 2015 to January 2017, there were 43 clinical medicine postgraduate students in urology department. Based on the ISIS system, a simulated training course is offered. Assess the effect and pass rate of clinical simulation operation. Count students' satisfaction with the course. Results 43 postgraduate students were able to complete the main professional operation required by the syllabus, the pass rate of basic skills assessment was 100.0%, and the advanced skills assessment was 90.7%, 100.0% postgraduate students approve of the introduction of simulated training courses, 97.7% postgraduate students agree with model of ISIS and benefit from it. 83.7% have great interest in courses of simulation training. Conclusions System of ISIS and courses of simulation training were effective teaching model, can significantly improve the medical postgraduate in clinical practice skills of clinical education stage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Building the second and third indicators and their weights for nursing doctors' dissertations Cheng Shanshan, Zhao Qiuli, Zhang Hongli, Yuan Jiacong, Duan Xicheng, Li Hongwei 2018, 38 (5):  757-761.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.027 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (871KB) ( 14 )   Objective To build the second and third indicators and their weights for nursing doctors' dissertations . Methods Using the Delphi method to built the index system for nursing doctors' dissertations. Results After two rounds of expert consultation, the secondary and tertiary index number was 24 and 51, respectively. Conclusions The representative of the correspondence is representative, and the secondary and tertiary indicators of the construction can more comprehensively and concretely evaluate the doctoral dissertation of nursing doctors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The outcome of integrated rotation and discipline rotation in the standardized training of ophthalmology residents Hong Ying, Liu Ziyuan, Li Xuemin, Wang Wei 2018, 38 (5):  762-765.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.028 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (879KB) ( 10 )   Objective To compare the outcome of integrated rotation and discipline rotation in the standardized training of ophthalmology resident. And to provide support for improving the standardized training of ophthalmology residents in China in the future. Methods The ophthalmology residents in the Peking University Third Hospital standardized training item were included in this study. The rotation style, the number of professional groups, the number of management diseases and the number of surgeries were recorded. The feedback of the residents, supervisor and patients were compared. Results In the integrated rotation, the number of professional groups and management diseases of residents was higher than that of disciplinary rotation with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the number of surgeries (P>0.05). The results of the resident self-assessment questionnaire showed that there were statistically significant differences in the overall rotation effect, learning interest, clinical ability, clinical reasoning, and doctor-patient communication skills (all P<0.05). The teacher feedback and patient experience in integrated rotation is better than in discipline rotation. Conclusions In an integrated rotation, residents contact more cases than in discipline rotation, which is more conducive to learning interest, clinical ability, clinical reasoning, and doctor-patient communication skills. The feedback from teachers and patients are better. The integrated rotation allows the trained residents to learn professional knowledge step by step, which is helpful for the rapid growth of young doctors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of severe simulated cases in the training of residency competence Ge Qinggang, Liu Fei, Wang Zongyu, Li Hongliang, Zhao Zhiling, Zhang Qi, Yu Lihua, Yao Gaiqi 2018, 38 (5):  766-769.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.029 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (873KB) ( 18 )   Objective To explore the application of severe simulated cases in the competency training of intensive care physicians. Methods Physicians who underwent standardized training for residents in the Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital from July 2016 to January 2018 were randomly divided into a simulation training group and a regular training group, and passed assessment (case analysis and theory) and questionnaires. The way of the survey is to compare the differences in the competency of the resident training positions between the two training methods. Results There were 55 simulated training groups and 48 regular training groups. The simulated training group scores were higher in the clinical basic ability, mastering and applying medical knowledge ability, team cooperation ability and information quality than the control group, and the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). In terms of case examination, the clinical basic ability, doctor's professional spirit and quality, mastery and application of medical knowledge, teamwork ability and information quality of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group. The differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05) ). Conclusions Severe simulated cases are better than conventional training methods for the training of resident positions. It is worth learning and promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of reading report meeting on capability of clinical scientific research in standardized training of pediatrics residents Tie Lijun, Yang Yonghua, Zhang Hui, Cao Xiaoqin, Liu Huasheng, Huang Yanping, Liu Xiaohong 2018, 38 (5):  770-773.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.030 Abstract ( 41 )   PDF (846KB) ( 17 )   Objective To explore effect of reading report meeting on improving capability of clinical scientific research in standardized training of pediatrics residents. Methods The questionnaire survey of capability of medical scientific research before and after reading report meeting were conducted among 22 pediatrics residents. Capability of clinical scientific research includes searching literatures, reading and analyzing papers, professional English, making power point as well as language expression. The effect of reading report meeting was also explored. Data were analyzed using mean, proportion for description and the results in capability of research on two different times were used Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results Compared with the first reading report meeting, the capability of research including searching literatures, reading and analyzing papers, professional English, making power point as well as language expression were improved after 24 months training (P<0.05). Interest in learning(100.0%), capacity of independent thinking (90.0%) and active exploration (68.2%) in standardized training of pediatrics residents were improved by reading report meeting. Conclusions The reading report meeting is proved to be one of the most feasible and effective method in improving capability of clinical scientific research in standardized training of pediatrics residents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of checklist to improve the effect of critical care medicine training for residents Xing Jinyan, Yuan Zhiyong, Han Xiaoning, Zhou Weigui, Shi Gengyu, Sun Yunbo 2018, 38 (5):  774-777.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.031 Abstract ( 23 )   PDF (856KB) ( 13 )   Objective To observe the training effect of checklist in the process of standardized resident training of the critical care medicine. Methods From April 2016 to January 2017 the residents entered intensive care unit for standardized resident training were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. A checklist was used in the experimental group during daily rounds and shifting of duty while the control group trained completely through traditional way. The residents' clinical competence were assessed by mixed method include daily assessment, question bank examination(QBE), mini-clinical evaluation exercise(Mini-CEX). Results Finally 114 residents finished this program. The experimental group achieved higher examination score in daily assessments and final Mini-CEX, including medical interview, physical examination, clinical decision, communication skills, organization efficiency (all P<0.05). Experimental group showed higher satisfaction no matter for trainee or trainer (all P<0.05). Conclusions Checklist utilization for standardized training residents during critical care rotation would be helpful in improving the clinical training performance and satisfaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of team-based learning teaching method in the residents training of electrocardiography Li Xiaodong, Ji Conghua, Luo Hui, Pan Yige 2018, 38 (5):  778-781.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.032 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (847KB) ( 16 )   Objective To study the efficiency of team-based learning (TBL) teaching method in the residents training of electrocardiography. Methods In 2016, 38 residents from The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University were randomly divided into 6 groups,3 groups were experimental groups, other 3 groups were control groups. TBL was used in experimental groups and traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) was used in the control groups. The final exam scores of probation were compared between experimental and control groups. For the experimental group, students' performance in the TBL lessons and their feedback towards TBL teaching after lessons were recorded. Results The theory exam average results of the experiment group were better than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(t=4.398,P<0.001);The image reading exam average results of the experiment group was better than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(t=3.202,P=0.002).The results of questionnaire survey showed that TBL teaching method is well received among the residents. Conclusions The TBL teaching method can improve the self study capacity,the communication and expression capacity in ECG teaching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The exploration on a comprehensive evaluation method for clinical doctors Li Xinbao, Zhao Dongbing, Li Ziyu, Li Yan 2018, 38 (5):  782-786.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.033 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (1004KB) ( 12 )   Objective To establish a comprehensive method to evaluate clinical doctors, by which the quality of clinical doctor could be assessed comprehensively, objectively and precisely. Methods Taking clinical oncologists as the study sample, a total of 13 doctors from Cancer Center of Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were evaluated on 5-dimensional key parameters in this study, including clinical work, scientific research, medical education, popular medical science education to the public and daily work performance. The score of each dimension and an integrated score were collected. Radar chart methodology was used to analyze the doctors' comprehensive quality, based on the score collected. Results The overall median integrated score for the whole study population was 36.5. The integrated scores of academic leaders, backbone doctors and main force doctors were 122.6, 39.7 and 31.2 respectively. Academic leader got relatively high score in each dimension, especially in scientific research. The comprehensive quality among the 3 levels of doctors is not balanced, which shows the reality of daily performance. Conclusions The 5-dimensional comprehensive evaluation system combined with radar chart methodology for oncologist can reflect the comprehensive quality of 13 doctors in daily work. This comprehensive evaluation method contributes to Objective evaluation of doctors' comprehensive quality, as well as providing reliable evidence for medical talent cultivation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multiple analysis on the evaluation of medical students' comprehensive quality Lu Juan, Liu Bin 2018, 38 (5):  787-790.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.034 Abstract ( 49 )   PDF (846KB) ( 16 )   Objective To scientifically evaluate medical students' comprehensive quality. Methods Self-made questionnaires was used to survey in 2138 students of some medical universities(latitude study). The freshmen were evaluated every 6 months, and the results were analyzed (longitude study) respectively with paired test, repeated measures of ANOVA and data envelopment analysis. Results The comprehensive quality score of the medical students was (0.934±0.037), and the ranking of the concrete qualities was: psychology>specialty>body>morality>basic ability>science-culture. The comparison between adjacent evaluations showed that science-culture, psychology and basic ability quality in the second evaluation were advanced relative to those in the first, still specialty and body quality were on the contrary. The comparison among the three evaluations showed that thecomprehensive quality and all the concrete qualities were boosted of different magnitudes and the comprehensive quality was improved in general, especially in the later period. Conclusions The latitude study is contributed to generally grasp the quality’ status and characteristics of medical students. In longitude study, the effects of quality education in different stages are gotten and quality education is showed effectively, the subjective efforts of students are good as well. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The evaluation of nursing standardized training to enhance critical thinking in Beijing municipal hospitals Chai Yuan, Zheng Yining 2018, 38 (5):  791-796.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.035 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (925KB) ( 12 )   Objective To explore the evaluation of nursing standardized training to enhance critical thinking in Beijing municipal hospitals, and to provide evidence for the revision of this program. Methods Convenience sampling was used to recruit 418 nurses who started their career in 2014. They were divided into two groups equally. 209 nurses from the 3 standardized training pilot hospitals were set up as experimental group, and 209 nurses from 3 non-pilot hospitals were set as control group. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the critical thinking of the training program before and after the intervention. Results After the one-year standardized training, the mean score of critical thinking was improved from (282.57±28.16) to (294.78±29.25), and higher than the non-pilot nurses (283.59±27.33), the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). The subgroup of nurses with specialist qualifications showed an improved scores of core competence (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the subgroup of nurses with bachelor degree or above(P>0.05). Conclusions Standardized training has a positive effect on improving the critical thinking of nurses, but it needs long-term and systematic training for nurses' specific circumstances, to ensure that different levels of nurses can effectively enhance critical thinking. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The characteristics and enlightenment of medical education curriculum of Seoul National University in South Korea Lee Sujin 2018, 38 (5):  797-800.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-677X.2018.05.036 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (846KB) ( 20 )   Taking the clinical medicine major of Seoul National University in South Korea as an example, this study examines the characteristics and contents of clinical medical education in South Korea by examining the curriculum and teaching features of clinical medicine in Seoul National University. Therefore, this study put forward some suggestions for the healthy development of clinical medicine in Chinese medical colleges and universities. References | Related Articles | Metrics