中华医学教育杂志

中华医学教育杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 187-192.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20240903-00920

• 人文素质教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

医学生共情反应水平量表的编制及验证

周诗琪1, 叶庚辰2, 王一朴3, 靳心如4, 申林鑫5, 牛璇6   

  1. 1西安交通大学医学部2021级五年制口腔医学专业, 西安 710061;
    2西安交通大学医学部2020级五年制临床医学专业, 西安 710061;
    3西安交通大学医学部2020级五年制基础医学专业, 西安 710061;
    4西安交通大学医学部2021级“5+3”一体化临床医学专业, 西安 710061;
    5西安交通大学医学部2021级八年制临床医学专业, 西安 710061;
    6西安交通大学第一附属医院医学影像科, 西安 710061
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-03 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 牛璇, Email: niuxuan@xjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省卫生健康科研创新能力提升计划项目(2023PT-09)

The development and validation of the empathy response scale for medicine students

Zhou Shiqi1, Ye Gengchen2, Wang Yipu3, Jin Xinru4, Shen Linxin5, Niu Xuan6   

  1. 1Oral Medicine, Five-year Program, Enrolled in 2021, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China;
    2Clinical Medcine, Five-year Program, Enrolled in 2020, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China;
    3Basic Medicine, Five-year Program, Enrolled in 2020, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China;
    4Clinical Medcine, ″5+3″ Program, Enrolled in 2021, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China;
    5Clinical Medicine, Eight-year Program, Enrolled in 2021, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China;
    6Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
  • Received:2024-09-03 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-02-28
  • Contact: Niu Xuan, Email: niuxuan@xjtu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Health Research and Innovation Capacity Strengthening Platform Program of Shaanxi Province (No.2023PT-09)

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摘要： 目的 编制医学生共情反应水平的评估量表并检验其信度和效度。方法 2021年8月—2023年6月,采用文献回顾和半结构化访谈方法,构建测量医学生共情反应水平的核心维度和初始条目池,通过专家咨询法确定医学生共情反应水平量表。2023年8月,用方便抽样法,选取陕西省7所高校11个医学门类专业396名学生进行在线调查,应用克朗巴赫系数、因子分析等方法检验量表的信度和效度。结果 医学生共情反应水平量表包括情感、认知、行为、文化4个维度,共18个条目,条目水平的内容效度指数为0.63~1.00,量表水平的内容效度指数为0.89,所有条目均满足纳入标准。经过筛选,确定322份问卷为有效问卷,有效问卷回收率81.3%。统计结果显示,量表总分为126分,医学生评分为(102.73±14.07)分;量表克朗巴赫系数为0.939,4个维度的克朗巴赫系数分别为0.770、0.906、0.824、0.781;组合信度(CR值)分别为0.765、0.905、0.829、0.782。提取4个公因子进行因子分析,可以解释总变异程度的67.3%,各维度之间的r 为 0.631~0.801,各条目载荷系数处于0.516~0.861,量表的模型拟合指标RMSEA =0.086,RMR=0.064,CFI=0.908,其他拟合指标均接近 0.900。结论 本研究编制了医学生共情反应水平量表并进行了验证,量表条目较为全面准确,具有良好的信度和效度,可以用于评估医学生的共情反应水平。

关键词: 医学生, 共情反应水平, 量表编制, 验证

Abstract: Objective To develop and validate a scale for assessing the level of empathy responses in medical students. Methods From August 2021 to June 2023, a literature review and semi-structured interviews were conducted to construct the core dimensions and initial item pool for measuring empathy responses in medical students. Expert consultation was used to finalize the scale. In August 2023, a convenience sampling method was applied to select 396 students from 11 medical disciplines across 7 universities in Shaanxi Province for an online survey. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and factor analysis. Results The scale consists of four dimensions—emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and cultural—comprising 18 items. The content validity index for individual items ranged from 0.63 to 1.00, while the scale's content validity index was 0.89. All items met the inclusion criteria. A total of 322 valid questionnaires were selected, resulting in a valid response rate of 81.3%. Statistical analysis revealed that the total score for the scale was 126, with a mean score of (102.73±14.07) for the medical students. The Cronbach's alpha for the entire scale was 0.939, with individual dimensions scoring 0.770, 0.906, 0.824, and 0.781, respectively. The composite reliability (CR) values for the four dimensions were 0.765, 0.905, 0.829, and 0.782. Factor analysis identified four common factors that explained 67.3% of the total variance, with correlations between dimensions ranging from 0.631 to 0.801. Item loadings ranged from 0.516 to 0.861. The model fit indices were RMSEA = 0.086, RMR = 0.064, and CFI = 0.908, with other fit indices close to 0.900. Conclusions The empathy response scale for medical students was developed and validated. The scale demonstrates comprehensive accuracy with good reliability and validity, making it suitable for evaluating empathy responses in medical students.

Key words: Empathy, Medical students, Scale development, Validation

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