中华医学教育杂志

中华医学教育杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 438-443.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20240329-00330

• 住院医师规范化培训 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于对比分析的我国住院医师规范化培训专业目录优化研究

孙婧雯1, 刘婧1, 李力2, 王颖3, 方才妹4, 吴振龙5, 王建六6   

  1. 1北京大学人民医院教育处,北京 100044;
    2武汉大学中南医院重症医学科,武汉 430062;
    3北京大学第一医院儿内科,北京 100044;
    4浙江省医学科技教育发展中心,杭州 310005;
    5中国医师协会毕业后医学教育综合部,北京 100027;
    6北京大学人民医院,北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-29 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-06-03
  • 通讯作者: 刘婧, Email: Liujing56@163.com

Optimization study of the residency training program specialty directory based on comparative analysis

Sun Jingwen1, Liu Jing1, Li Li2, Wang Ying3, Fang Caimei4, Wu Zhenlong5, Wang Jianliu6   

  1. 1Department of Education, Peking University People′s Hospital, Beijing 100044 , China;
    2Intensive Care Unit, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430062, China;
    3Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100044, China;
    4Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Education Development Center, Hangzhou 310005, China;
    5Department of Postgraduate Medical Education, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Beijing 100027, China;
    6Peking University People′s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
  • Received:2024-03-29 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-06-03
  • Contact: Liu Jing, Email: Liujing56@163.com

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摘要： 目的 研究我国住院医师规范化培训(以下简称住培)专业目录,提出优化建议。方法 2021年,采用文献研究法分析我国住培专业目录与国内其他相关医学类目录的异同点,并据此设计调查问卷了解我国住培目录的现存问题和改进建议。采用简单随机抽样方法,选取全国17个省级卫生健康行政机构科教部门的28名工作人员和27个省(自治区、直辖市)的443所住培基地的740名住培管理者、15 586名住培指导医师、20 240名住院医师、86名中国医师协会毕业后医学教育专业委员会专家为研究对象。上述研究对象的选取旨在确保数据的广泛性与代表性,通过文献分析明确研究主题及关键问题,并借助调查问卷收集各级住培管理者、教师和住院医师等相关群体的实际经验和观点,从而全面探讨我国住培目录的现存问题及改进方向。采用描述性统计分析相关数据。结果 根据目录的对比分析和问卷调查结果发现,当前我国住培专业目录设置存在以下问题:部分学科专业目录与其他医学类目录不统一,如医学遗传科与预防医学科;部分学科过早专科化,如外科(神经外科方向)、外科(胸心外科方向)、口腔颌面外科、口腔修复科等。结论 住培专业目录应当与医学教育从培养到使用各环节的专业目录相统一;建议在住培专业目录设置中注重通科能力或大专科培养;对放射科、肿瘤学(科)等专业可以探索住培与专科医师规范化培训的一体化培养。

关键词: 住院医师规范化培训, 专业目录, 比较分析

Abstract: Objective This study aims to analyze the standardized residency training (hereinafter referred to as residency training) specialty directory in China and propose optimization recommendations. Methods In 2021, a comparative analysis was conducted between China′s residency training specialty directory and other domestic medical-related directories. A questionnaire survey was also carried out involving 28 staff members from the science and education departments of health administration institutions in 17 provinces, 740 residency training managers from 443 residency training bases across 27 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), 15 586 residency training faculty members, 20 240 residents, and 86 experts from the Chinese Medical Doctor Association′s Professional Committee. The selection of the research Methods aimed to ensure the breadth and representativeness of the data. Literature analysis was used to define the research topic and key issues, while the survey questionnaire collected firsthand experiences and perspectives from residency training administrators, instructors, and resident physicians at various levels. This approach allowed for a comprehensive examination of the existing issues in China′s residency training catalog and potential improvements. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied to analyze the relevant data. The study identified existing issues and gathered suggestions for optimizing the residency training specialty directory through practical evaluation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze relevant data. Results Based on a comparison of the directories and survey results, it was found that the current residency training program directory in China has several issues: certain specialties are inconsistent with other medical directories (e.g., Medical Genetics and Preventive Medicine), and some specialties (e.g., Surgery-Neurosurgery, Surgery-Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and Prosthodontics) are overly specialized at an early stage. Conclusions The residency training directory should align with the professional directories of all stages of medical education, from training to practice. It is recommended to emphasize generalist competencies or broad specialty training in directory development and explore integrated residency and specialty training models for disciplines such as Radiology and Oncology.

Key words: Resident standardization training, Specialty catalogue, Comparative analysis

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