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01 September 2020, Volume 40 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Reflection on the construction duty and progression routes of new medicine under healthy China Liu Ying, Yu Rongbin, Chen Feng, Hu Zhibin, Shen Hongbing, Wang Changqing 2020, 40 (9):  657-661.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200309-00290 Abstract ( 169 )   PDF (831KB) ( 163 )   Based on the construction of healthy China, the analysis of the new round of medical education reform and the new medical concept of full-cycle health services, the article discusses the connotation of the new medicine construction and clarifies the mainObjectives and tasks of it. The “objective-oriented” promotion strategy of point-surface combination and hierarchical classification, focusing on building a “demand-oriented” model of medical education with cross-disciplinary support and improving the “problem-oriented” continuous improvement guarantee system are some of the construction path of new medicine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Perception and attitude to the reformation of human resources system inthe school of health human of a university from the faculty employed by the old system Han Wei 2020, 40 (9):  662-665.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-2020113-00053 Abstract ( 33 )   PDF (783KB) ( 29 )   The reformation of human resourcis system of medical college covers all faculty, and the reformation formulated by the college is an important step aiming for the integration of the old and new systems. This research collected data from the perspective of faculty in current system through interviews to find their understanding, attitude, and needs and thus to provide a basis for the formulation of college reform programs.Results showed that the majority of faculty agreed with the reform, and put forward the needs of discipline orientation, evaluation rules, discipline construction, policy guidance of the integration of the new and old systems, enthusiasm of the old system. It suggests formulating a reasonable reform plan from the aspects of improving the system design, clarifying the discipline positioning, strengthening team building, disciplinary adjustments, merging new and old system, and respecting historical contributions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Based on the post competency as the core in the training mode of young teachers of human anatomy Lin Ruying, Zhao Xiaozhen, Xu Jianwen 2020, 40 (9):  666-670.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200306-00276 Abstract ( 50 )   PDF (833KB) ( 56 )   This study is based on the mechanism of self-development of the subject features of young teachers, giving full play to the cohesion of the teaching teams. Some problems need to be solved, such as lack of young faculty of human anatomy, capacity building of teaching and scientific research. Making the ethics construction of the teacher is an important point, aiming at teaching and scientific research ability, building the four-in-one training mode that covers talent leadership, humanistic spirit cultivation, teaching ability and quality of scientific research. It can effectively promote the growth of young teachers by seeking talent, morality, education, the pursuit of truth, incentive measures, which will reserve strength for the development of subjects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The practice and analysis of outstanding traditional culture of clinical departments in occupational spirit education for medical undergraduates Zhou Jianping, Shao Jie, Li Qingyun 2020, 40 (9):  671-674.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200228-00209 Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (790KB) ( 33 )   Objective To analyze and evaluate the effect of the integration of excellent traditional culture in clinical departments into the occupational spirit education of medical students.Methods A simple random sampling method is used to collect 94 students of 5-year program undergraduates of clinical medicine from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June 2019 to December 2019, through a self-made questionnaire to investigate the student's evaluation on the education outcome of occupational spiritual education combined with outstanding traditional culture of clinical departments. The questionnaire includes two parts: the baseline situation of the participants and the implementation of occupational spirit education (including education content, teacher evaluation and learning outcome evaluation).Results The overall score of medical students on occupational spirit education in respiratory department was (46.49±1.87) of which the content of education was (18.27±0.86), the score of the teacher evaluation and teaching effect was (18.66±0.75), and (8.56±0.36), respectively. There are 78.7% (74/94) students expressed their curiosity about the development of respiratory medicine and the stories of famous doctors. There are 93.6%(90/94)students have become more clear about the goal of practicing medicine in the future by understanding the excellent traditional culture of the respiratory department, and at the same time, they have also increased their recognition of the organic combination of traditional teaching methods and modern models in the respiratory department.Conclusions The excellent traditional culture of clinical departments further enriches the connotation of medical students' occupational spiritual education and enhances occupational identity, responsibility and honor of being a medical student. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A questionnaire survey about physician-patient communication ability of residents in department of otolaryngology head and neck surgery Lyu Dan, Zou Zhuochi, Zhao Ziyi, Ji Shuoyu, Mao Minzi, Liu Jun 2020, 40 (9):  675-678.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200213-00129 Abstract ( 45 )   PDF (833KB) ( 34 )   Objective To analyze the residents' ability of physician-patient communication in department of otolaryngology head and neck surgery, and to investigate the needs of courses for physician-patient communication ability training.Methods An online survey was conducted on 42 residents. The questionnaire included five items: the information about participants, the survey on communication practices, the content of communication, the awareness of communication, the training needs for communication ability.Results 57.1% (24/42) of the residents considered their communication skills not very well; 88.1% (37/42) of the residents thought that the communication was very important; all residents agreed to communicate with the patients about diagnosis and treatment plan about the disease, risks for surgery, treatment effects and prognosis and perioperative precautions; and the doctors too busy to communicate was the most important influence factor for communication; 81.0% (34/42) of the residents wanted to attend courses for improving communication skills. The most popular approach is to be taught by experienced supervisors.Conclusions The physician-patient communication ability need to be improved in residents, and there was a high demand for training courses, the multiform courses for improving physician-patient communication ability would be set up in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Knowledge, awareness and needs of undergraduate nursing intern students on palliative care Liang Siyu, Li Hongyan, Wang Wei, Zheng Ying, Ge Nan, Qu Xuan, Shao Yajuan, Qin Ying, Wang Lei, Liu Wei, Ning Xiaohong 2020, 40 (9):  679-683.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200330-00456 Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (842KB) ( 29 )   Objective To investigate the knowledge, awareness and needs of undergraduate nursing intern students on palliative care through a cross-sectional survey and analyze the main influencing factors.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 126 undergraduate nursing intern students of Peking Union Medical College to investigate palliative knowledge, awareness, needs.Results 64.3% (81/126) students did not agree that “palliative care is aimed at prolonging the survival time of patients”; 37.3%(47/126) students did not agree that “palliative care takes symptom management as the treatment center”. 34.1% (43/126) students did not agree or were not sure that “psychological care for end-stage patients can reduce their psychological pain”. Nursing students have a strong demand for palliative care related skills training. Students who have been exposed to end-stage patients have higher demand for palliative care knowledge and training than those who have not.Conclusions Undergraduate nursing students who lack palliative care education have inaccurate understanding of the basic concepts of palliative medicine, insufficient knowledge of palliative practice, and high demand for palliative training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the relationship between mental health level, academic tasks and social support among medical postgraduates Zhang Qin, Fan Yiding, Cheng Chunyan 2020, 40 (9):  684-687.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200305-00262 Abstract ( 61 )   PDF (795KB) ( 36 )   Objective To understand the relationship among the mental health level, academic tasks, and social support of medical postgraduates, and provide an effective basis for conducting targeted mental health education interventions.Methods Self-assessment scale (SCL-90) and Occupational Stress Scale(OSI-R) were used to evaluate 778 graduate students in a well-known university in the west of China.Results The detection rate of medical postgraduates' psychological problems was 36.9%(287/778). The SCL-90 overall score were significantly higher than the national youth norms(1.57±0.55 vs 1.44±0.43); each factor of SCL-90 was significantly positively related to overweight tasks(r=0.127), and significantly negatively related to social support(r=-0.228);the overall scores of the SCL-90 factors in the group of the task overload reorganization were higher than those in the normal load group (1.61±0.59 vs 1.51±0.50),and high social support group were significantly lower than the general social support group(1.51±0.49 vs 1.73±0.67).Conclusions The mental health level of medical postgraduates is worse than that of normal young people. The heavier academic load and the lack of social support lead to the worse mental health level. We can improve the mental health of medical postgraduates by building a good social support system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of the professional identity and professional loyalty of standardized training resident during COVID-19 epidemic Wu Chunyan, Song Yingxiang, Fu Xiaoxuan, Xu Ji, Ying Zhenhua 2020, 40 (9):  688-691.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200218-00152 Abstract ( 72 )   PDF (802KB) ( 41 )   Objective To explore the status of professional identity and professional loyalty of standardized training resident during COVID-19 epidemic which provides a reference for development of strategy.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to 484 standardized training residents from two National standardized training base for resident doctors in Zhejiang. The survey was based on the indicators of “I gained social recognition and respect by engaging in this profession” and “I agree my children to engage in medical work” to analyze the status of residents' professional identity and professional loyalty. Using participation in anti-epidemic and clinical situations, attitudes to the COVID-19 epidemic, areas during the epidemic to analysis the relevant factors of professional identity and professional loyalty.Results On question of “I gained social recognition and respect by engaging in this profession”, the agreement rate of residents is 71.3% (345/484). On question of “I agree my children to engage in medical work”, the disagreement rate of residents is 46.3% (224/484). Residents who were on the front line of the battle against the epidemic (χ2=11.344, P=0.023) and who take a positive attitude towards the epidemic (χ2=7.614, P=0.022), have a higher professional identity. During the epidemic, the professional loyalty of residents who in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai was higher than that in non-Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai (χ2=6.411, P=0.041). There is a positive correlation between professional training and professional loyalty of residents (r=0.386, P<0.01).Conclusions During the epidemic, the residents' professional identity was high, but professional loyalty was not raised. Participation in the battle against the epidemic, attitude towards the epidemic are relevant factors of professional identity. Areas during the epidemic and professional identity are relevant factors of professional loyalty. Priority needs to be given to the needs of residents who were on the front line of the battle against the epidemic, who were negative about the epidemic and who were in non-Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. It is need to cultivate resident physicians' professional identity, thereby improving professional loyalty. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of mind map teaching method based on modern information technology in teaching of clinical practice in general surgery Jia Benli, Yang Xi, Wang Yong, Tang Tong 2020, 40 (9):  692-695.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200218-00151 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (791KB) ( 73 )   Objective Through the application of mind mapping teaching method based on “modern information technology” in the practice teaching of general surgery for five-year clinical medicine students, the advantages and feasibility are evaluated.Methods From September 2018 to May 2019, 60 students from two small classes of 2014 grade five-year clinical medicine major were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 30 students in each group. The students in the experimental group used the teaching method of mind map based on “modern information technology” for practice teaching, while the students in the control group used the traditional teaching method. After 4 weeks of practice, the theoretical knowledge and clinical operation ability of the two groups of students were assessed, and the learning effect of the two groups of students was compared.Results The total score of theoretical assessment of the experimental group was better than that of the control group [(85.23 ± 3.19) vs (75.87 ± 3.23), P<0.01]. The scores of Mini-CEX(mini clinical examination exercise) and DOPS(direct observation of procedural skills)in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [(7.23 ± 1.33) vs (5.73 ± 1.76), (7.03 ± 1.19) vs (6.10 ± 1.52), all P<0.01].Conclusions The application of mind mapping teaching method based on “modern information technology” in clinical practice teaching of general surgery can stimulate students' interest in learning, improve students' knowledge memory method, and improve the clinical practice teaching effect of general surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application study of multidisciplinary cooperative teaching in the clinical pharmacy of general practitioners Su Na, Shen Chao, Wu Fengbo 2020, 40 (9):  696-699.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200108-00036 Abstract ( 56 )   PDF (790KB) ( 39 )   Objective To explore the practical effect of multidisciplinary disciplinary cooperative teaching model in the clinical pharmacy of general practitioners.Methods Clinical pharmacy of general practitioners from July 2018 to June 2019 in our hospital were selected as the research objects, which adopted the MDT teaching model with the traditional teaching model, for a period of 12 months.The teaching evaluation is carried out by means of questionnaire.Results Forty eight clinical pharmacy of general practitioners were included. practitioners' satisfaction with the MDT teaching model is 76.3%(29/38), their satisfaction with the theory teaching is 79.0%(30/38), and their satisfaction with the clinical practice teaching is 73.7%(28/38).The main four problems for MDT teaching model include lacking of clinical thinking[26.3%(10/38)], lacking of confidence in clinic[13.2%(15/38)], Rotation cycle was short[18.4%(7/38)] and optimizing theoretical courses[15.8%(6/38)].Conclusions MDT teaching model can improve the practitioners' satisfaction with teaching, and is beneficial to the cultivation of practitioners' thinking ability and comprehensive quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of standardized patient during clinical probation in acute abdominal disease in general surgery Wang Chaojun, Liu Zhaohui, Ke Ruisheng 2020, 40 (9):  700-703.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190822-00677 Abstract ( 59 )   PDF (791KB) ( 31 )   Objective To explore the application effect of standardized patients in clinical probation teaching of acute abdomen in general surgery.Methods From June to July 2019, 133 clinical medicine students enrolled in 2015 from Xiamen University Medical College were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group (68) adopted standardized patient teaching method, while the control group (65) adopted traditional teaching method.The teaching effectiveness of the two groups of students was evaluated by clinical skills assessment,humanistic care assessment and the two groups of students to do a questionnaire survey of the effect of teaching evaluation.Results The students in the experimental group and the control group scored [(85.43 ± 4.72) vs (80.93 ± 3.16)], physical examination scores [(83.75 ± 3.81) vs (75.49 ± 6.38)], first disease course writing scores [(87.10 ± 4.92) vs (83.91 ± 6.26)], humanistic care scores [(88.62±5.13) vs (70.29±3.69)],The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.01). The results of questionnaire survey showed that there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in the improvement of autonomous learning interest[95.6%(65/68),81.5% (53/65)], the cultivation of communication skills [97.1%(66/68),47.7% (31/65)], the improvement of clinical reasoning [92.7%(63/68),72.3% (47/65)], and the improvement of clinical skills[94.1%(64/68),75.4% (49/65)] (all P<0.05).Conclusions The introduction of standardized patients into clinical probation training of acute abdomen illness management in general surgery is helpful to improve the clinical skills and humanistic care of students, and improve the effect of clinical probation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the effect of on-site training of the self protection during the COVID-19 in Hospital Ou Peng, Li Ying, Tan Ling, Lin Minjie, Zhang Yonghong, Chen Yan, Zhu Jieting, Zhu Rong, Yang Yifeng 2020, 40 (9):  704-708.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200224-00184 Abstract ( 51 )   PDF (854KB) ( 29 )   Objective To study the effect of on-site training during the epidemic period of COVID-19 on hospital staffs' self-protection knowledge and confidence against COVID-19, and to provide theoretical basis for reducing the infection of medical staff.Methods From January 30 to February 19, 2020, all of the 2 137 staffs who attended the on-site training were enrolled. A 9-item question test was taken before and after the on-site training to evaluate the training effect. A survey of current status of the staffs was done before the on-site training and a satisfaction of on-site training was investigated after the training to understand the satisfaction degree of on-site training.Results The pre-training survey show that 72.8%(1 556/2 137) of the staffs have not received training in wearing biosuit, 85.5% (1 827/2 137)had never worn biosuit, and only 16.8% (359/2 137) believed personal protection would be warranted if exposed to a confirmed case,84.4% (1 804/2 137) of them thought an on-site training of personal protective knowledge was needed. Compared with pre-training test, the correct rate of all 9 items after training was improved, especially for hand hygiene, from 38.6% (825/2 137) before training to 73.3% (1 414/1 930) after training, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Vast majority of the participants considered it necessary to attend the on-site training and very satisfied with the training content and training arrangements. The training was consistent with their expectations and can increase their confidence to fight with COVID-19 .Conclusions On-line training is not enough to help the hospital staff doing self-protection during the epidemic period of COVID-19. It is necessary to organize on-site training under the condition of ensuring safety, systematic on-site training can improve the self-protection awareness and self-protection ability of hospital staff, and increase confidence in coping with COVID-19. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on master's cultivation mode of radiotherapy physics in Peking University Chen Yanglin, Shen Lin, Cui Shuang, Wang Qing, Wu Hao, Zhang Yibao 2020, 40 (9):  709-712.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200310-00301 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (829KB) ( 38 )   Radiotherapy physics is a new interdisciplinary subject in medicine. The development of radiotherapy physics graduate education in China is lagging behind, which has become the bottleneck restricting the effectiveness and service accessibility of radiotherapy for cancer patients in China. This paper introduces the training mode of postgraduates of radiation therapy physics in Peking University from five aspects: trainingObjectives, training process, curriculum system, teaching content, teaching methods and student evaluation. It is proposed to strengthen the systematization and standardization of the postgraduate training process, improve the level and scale of the instructor team, actively carry out international cooperation and guide graduate students to scientifically plan their career development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the evaluation index system of medical postgraduate tutor in double first-class universities Wu Hengjing, Li Jinhui, Wu Jing, Qian Shulei, Zhao Aixia, Chen Lin 2020, 40 (9):  713-716.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191022-00876 Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (781KB) ( 45 )   Objective To explore the evaluation index system of medical postgraduate tutor in double first-class universities.Methods The study preparation was based on preliminary survey, literature research and policies analysis. The study data was collected by two rounds of expert consultation and analyzed by using descriptive analysis, non-parametric test, and weight factor judgment table.Results The overall authority coefficient was 0.84.The Kendall's W coordination coefficient was 0.122, P=0.001, for indicating a high degree of expert concentration and coordination.Conclusions The Evaluation Index System of Medical Postgraduate Tutor in Double First-class Universities has been established, which consists of 3 first-level indexes, 9 second-level indexes and 31 third-level indexes. The study provides a reasonable and effective evaluation system for the process of training postgraduate students by medical tutors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Situation and countermeasures of continuing medical education for general practitioners in China Guo Yuanmei, Jia Xuemei, Zhu Junyong, Lei Hongbo, Li Yuan, Dong Weiguo 2020, 40 (9):  717-720.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191023-00882 Abstract ( 120 )   PDF (787KB) ( 53 )   General practitioners, who serve as “gatekeepers” of residents health, provide primary health care in community. Continuing medical education is an important means to improve the comprehensive quality of general practitioners. The article briefly analyzes the situation of continuing medical education for general practitioners in China, discusses existing problems, and puts forward several countermeasures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The quality of published survey instruments used in medical education research in China Liu Chang, Dong Yue, Zhang Zixun, Hu Chang, Peng Zhiyong 2020, 40 (9):  721-725.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200121-00084 Abstract ( 118 )   PDF (854KB) ( 50 )   Objective Surveys are widely used in medical education research, yet little is known about the quality of the instruments employed. This study evaluated the quality of published survey instruments in the field of medical education in China.Methods The project covers original research articles that employed at least one survey which is published in two high-impact Chinese journals in the field of medical education from December 2018 to November 2019. The descriptive data on the design, development and implementation of surveys, as well as the quality of survey items were collected and assessed independently.Results Totally 212 articles employed surveys as research method, 68 articles included 73 surveys met inclusion criteria. Response rate, validity and reliability evidence were reported in 33, 18 and 20 surveys, respectively. Item-quality assessment revealed that 17.2% (10/58) articles did not violate established best practices in the design of Likert-type rating items.Conclusions Although surveys were commonly used in medical education research in China, their quality need to be improved. The setting of questions and options in the questionnaire was prone to errors. Aimed to improve the quality of survey and facilitate the delivery of academic information, detail information regarding the design, development and implementation of surveys should be reported. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of learning outcome by online teaching in medical undergraduates during COVID-19 pandemic Gu Feng, Qi Wenxiu, Meng Chang, Li Yujing, Xue Shilin, Yin Zhaodi, Li Meiyao, Lan Xueli, Zhang Meng 2020, 40 (9):  726-730.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200413-00554 Abstract ( 167 )   PDF (856KB) ( 114 )   Objective To analyze the differences in the evaluation of online teaching outcome of Peking University medical undergraduates at different learning stages and different learning weeks during the epidemic of COVID-19, and to explore effective strategy to improve the online teaching outcome of medical students.Methods From February 17, 2020 to March 15, 2020, 644 undergraduates in 2016-2019 grade majoring in five-year and eight-year clinical medicine, five-year and eight-year stomatology, five-year preventive medicine were selected as the research objects, who were in the three stages of medical preparatory, basic medicine and clinical medicine of Peking University and engaged in online learning. Questionnaire survey method was used to investigate the online teaching effect of students in different stages and learning weeks.Results Students from pre-medicine, pre-clinical and clinical learning stage have increases in their satisfaction. Meanwhile, the quality of communication with faculty decreases significantly(F=10.393,P＜0.01). With the advancement of online teaching and learning weeks, the communication between students and teachers has increased significantly, but student’ interest in learning has decreased significantly (all P <0.01).Conclusions The online learning outcomes of medical undergraduates vary with different learning stages and in different online learning weeks. It is necessary to adopt a targeted teaching method so as to improve the online learning outcome of students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of formative assessment in undergraduate clinical medicine education Zhang Jin, Yang Libin, Guo Qingfeng, Cao Depin 2020, 40 (9):  731-735.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190926-00808 Abstract ( 164 )   PDF (835KB) ( 116 )   Formative assessment refers to the process of improving and adjusting teaching based on students' learning situation and to find out weakness in time, so as to gain timely and effective feedback of education. This paper reviews the research status of formative evaluation in undergraduate clinical medicine education including the theoretical framework, evaluation methodology, learning outcome test, evaluation system construction, and the cultivation of medical students' autonomous learning ability with data from literature review. In addition, this paper summarizes the problems existing in the research and application of formative assessment in undergraduate clinical education from the aspects of cognitive bias of the concept of formative assessment, insufficient breadth and depth of formative assessment research, lack of research on formative assessment system and lack of research on innovation of formative assessment. Finally, the research prospect of formative assessment is put forward in order to provide reference for the follow-up research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of non-standardized test to behavioral medicine in eight-year program students Yang Xia, Zhang Jun 2020, 40 (9):  736-739.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191113-00983 Abstract ( 58 )   PDF (789KB) ( 28 )   Objective To explore the effects of non-standardized test through group collaboration in the courses of introduction to clinical medicine-behavioral medicine among eight-year program students.Methods Seventy grade 2017 eight-year clinical medical students of Sichuan University were enrolled in June 2018 in this study. The feedback was collected by questionnaire on some elements of curriculum reform application of non-standardized test.Results Totally 55.7%(39/70) students strongly supported the examination method of non-standardized. 80.0%(56/70) students tended to the model of teaching partly by teachers and group collaboration for studying and testing. 72.9%(51/70) students were more likely to choose the way of group collaboration test but not individual test and suggested that the most suitable number of group members is 3 to 4.Conclusions Non-standardized examination of group collaboration can help to improve some clinical abilities of eight-year clinical medical program students, and it is worth exploring and improving in the further teaching of behavioral medicine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of direct observation of procedural skills in clinical practice training of nursing students Peng Yaqin, Gao Guozhen 2020, 40 (9):  740-743.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200207-00113 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (793KB) ( 63 )   Objective To explore the application of direct observation of procedural skills(DOPS) in clinical training evaluation of nursing students, to provide reference for improving teaching evaluation.Methods Totally 9 undergraduates majoring in 4-year nursing education curriculum, 7 clinical teachers and 4 teaching learning education managers were selected as the research objects in the first affiliated hospital of Guangzhou medical university in June 2019.The semi-structured interview was conducted, and the results were analyzed by the phenomenological research method of Colaizzi.Results The three subjects' experience in DOPS can be summarized into 4 themes: DOPS can promote teaching and learning, DOPS can improve evaluation efficiency, DOPS assessment is deficient and DOPS teaching and learning burden is different.Conclusions DOPS plays a positive role in nursing practice training, but there are still weakness. It is necessary to develop DOPS evaluation tool suitable for nursing profession and improve the teachers' training program, so as to ensure the right application of DOPS. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Medical experiment teaching model of medical school in University of California, Los Angeles in the United States and its reference to medical physiological experiment teaching in China Ai Heng, Wang Jue, Qian Lingbo , Zhou Xinru, Xiao Chi , Pan Jie, Lu Wen 2020, 40 (9):  744-747.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190926-00805 Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (832KB) ( 34 )   The author learned about the characteristics of medical experimental teaching through a six-month observation of David Geffen Medical College at the University of California, Los Angeles in the United States. Notably, the functional experiment courses set up by David Geffen Medical College of the University of California, Los Angeles focus on human body experiments, and emphasize a combination of medical basis and clinical practice, as well as group discussions. These measures are conducive to the cultivation of students' critical thinking and innovation ability. Meanwhile, the problems existing in the physiological experimental course have been pointed out in some medical school in our country, such as the lack of experimental design of human physiology, and the lack of cultivation of innovative thinking of medical students, and reform of physiological experimental course has been given. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Longitudinal integrated clerkships in developed countries and their inspiration for Chinese medical education Li Honghe, David A Hirsh, Tara A Singh, Yamini Saravanan, Rachel Hathaway, Bianca Shagrin, Elizabeth Gaufberg, Arundhati Ghosh, Liu Jun, Li Chloe, Wen Deliang 2020, 40 (9):  748-698.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190910-00742 Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (859KB) ( 117 )   Clinical clerkships are an important learning experience for medical students to translate theoretical knowledge into professional practice in the clinical environment. The longitudinal integrated clerkship (LIC) model represents a new and innovative approach in medical education that uses continuity as the organizing principle. The LIC model addresses a critical problem in clinical medical education: the lack of educational continuity. Educational continuity is comprised of continuity of the curriculum, continuity of care, and continuity of supervision. Medical schools across the US, Canada, Australia, and other nations are implementing LICs to advance clinical education reform. This article introduces the definition, principles, and characteristics of the LIC model. The authors describe Harvard Medical School's LIC model as an example, describe the growth of LICs internationally, and reflect on LICs for the Chinese medical education context. Lessons learned from LICs and educational continuity can inform and guide approaches to improve the health of the Chinese population through three new strategies: medical student education reform, medical workforce enhancement and practice reform, and resident training reform. References | Related Articles | Metrics