Abstract: Medical education assessment has gone through three stages: assessment of learning, assessment for learning, and assessment as learning. The focus of evaluation in each stage is respectively summative assessment, formative assessment, and programmatic assessment, which has led to the continuous evolution of evaluation models and connotations. The purpose of assessment has shifted from educational measurement to determine whether learners are qualified, to increasing educational effect and catalytic effect of assessment, and then integrating multiple assessment methods to systematically evaluate learners′ core competencies. It is necessary for medical education to keep up with the times and take advantage of the trend of artificial intelligence development to gradually improve the methods and practices of educational assessment, and accelerate the implementation and development of competency-based medical education.

Key words: Assessment of learning, Assessment for learning, Assessment as learning, Programmatic assessment