Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of critical thinking capacity of general practice residents. Methods Questionnaire survey was used. Totally 141 general practice residents in affiliated Hospital of Tongji University from 2017 to 2019 were selected as the research objects. Use the critical thinking scale and questionnaire on the influencing factors of critical thinking ability to conduct an electronic questionnaire survey on the general practice residents. T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the scores of critical thinking ability under different factors of general practice residents; multiple independent variable analyses of variance were used to explore the influencing factors of critical thinking capacity. Results The average score of critical thinking scale was (252.96±36.54), and only 19.9% (28/141) of them showed a positive critical thinking capacity. The influencing factors are: gender,frequency of learning English,ways of dealing with clinical problems and teaching pathway in the hospital (all P<0.05). Conclusions The capacity of critical thinking by the general practice residents is weak. It is necessary to intervene the influencing factors through the change of teaching methods and the adjustment of contents, such as teaching rounds, bilingual teaching and training models in the hospital.