Objective To analyze the differences of training performance and underline causes of resident trainees with different degrees, and to provide the reference for standardized resident training program fitting trainees with different education background. Methods Collected examination scores of all the residents training at Shanghai tenth people's hospital for three consecutive years, trainees were divided into three groups based on their degrees(Bachelor, Masters and PhD) and the training results were collected and analyzed. Results Totally 303 residents joining the 3-year program of standardized training were included in this research, including 108 with bachelor degree, 110 with Master degree and 85 with Ph.D. The results of operation test were (91.3±4.2), (90.1±4.1) and (86.1±6.7), the difference was statistically significant(P=0.032); the final pass rate was 90.7 % (98/108), 97.2 % (107/110) and 84.7%(72/85), respectively, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The potential cause of the difference is associated with the heavy research burden and so neglecting clinic training. Conclusions The residential training system needs to be improved. When making the residential training teaching plan, the residential training mode of the students with different education background should be diversified.