Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the national multi-center CBL teaching method based on a network platform. Methods From June 2017 to October 2019, 51 hospitals and 201 neurology residents from 11 provinces were organized to join a case-based learning (CBL) training on the network platform. The outcomes were evaluated by questionnaire survey. Results The scores of neurology residents for electrophysiology and neurodegenerative diseases were significantly higher than those obtained before the training,[(8.16±1.21) vs. (3.76±1.59) , t=30.02] and [(6.29±1.41) vs. (3.72±0.81) , t=22.19], all P<0.05. All neurology residents accepted the CBL teaching method, and their satisfaction reached 95.5%. Among them, the items with good evaluations were the appropriate learning content, the improvement of personal capacity for team cooperating, and their mean scores were (12.46±1.36), (3.71±0.80) and (3.70±1.00) respectively. Conclusions Network-based online CBL training functions as a more convenient and intuitive way of communication, overcome the barrier of spatial distinctions and significantly improve the satisfaction of residents.