Objective To understand the current situation of collaboration in standardized residency training program (hereinafter referred to as residency training), so as to analyze the main problems, and propose the quality control countermeasures for collaborative training. Methods In November 2019, with the multi-stage random sampling method, the first batch of 15 national residency training hospitals and its 40 collaborative hospitals in 6 provinces (including autonomous regions), as well as 793 instructing physicians in collaborative hospitals were surveyed using questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed by Excel software. Results Among the 15 residency training hospitals, each one was cooperated with 3 collaborative hospitals on average. Thirty-nine point two percent (134/342) of specialties were carried out collaborative training, and 25.4% (34/134) of specialties were cooperated with more than two collaborative hospitals at the same time. Among the 40 collaborative hospitals, 85.0% (34/40) were tertiary hospitals, and 55.0% (22/40) were specialized hospitals, and 90.0% (36/40) implemented the “chief” responsibility system, and 90.0% (36/40) invested in residency training, and 60.0% (24/40) independently undertook the training work of the whole period. Thirty five percent (14/40) had less than 2 full-time management personal. Among the 22 specialized hospitals, 95.5%(21/22) reflected specialty characteristics. Among the 793 instructing physicians, 18.5% (147/793) did not meet the requirements for the title of instructing physician, and 12.5% (99/793) did not receive the training. Conclusions The collaborative hospitals have basically been equipped with the ability and conditions to assist residency training hospitals to carry out training. However, the requirements of collaborative training need to be clarified, the integrated collaborative management needs to be strengthened, and the training ability of collaborative hospitals needs to be improved. The suggested measures are to strengthen the top-level design of collaborative training system, improve the collaborative training mechanism, strictly control the quality of collaborative training, and strengthen the training ability of collaborative hospitals, especially the ability of instructing physicians, so as to further improve the collaborative training of standardized residency training program.