Objective Explore the problems in the basic theories and skill operations in the results of the anesthesiologist skill competition, further reflect on the effect of undergraduate education, and strengthen the construction of anesthesia talent team. Methods Totally 66 anesthesiologists were selected from the Shandong Provincial Anesthesia Skills Competition in 2020, and their basic information was collected using questionnaire methods. The data analysis method was used to statistically analyze the results of the basic theoretical assessment and the skill operation assessment. The correctness rate was tested with χ², and the t-test was used when compared to passing scores. Results There were differences in the correctness of the answers to various subjects in the basic theoretical assessment of anesthesiologists. The accuracy rate of basic medical hygiene and health promotion method was the highest 90.5% (597/660), and the accuracy rate of anesthesia physiology was the lowest 51.1%(675/1 320); the score of endotracheal intubation(64.82±11.00)was lower than the passing score (76 points), and the scores of central venous puncture (82.67±11.70) as well as artery puncture manometry (82.48±9.19) were all higher than passing score (76 points). The difference was statistically significant (all P<0.001). Conclusions Anesthesiologists should improve the standardization of the operation of anesthesiology professional skills, and strengthen the two-way integration of the basic theory and skill operation.