Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of a hybrid teaching mode in the training of endoscopic spinal surgery. Methods A questionnaire survey was adopted. Twenty-one learners, who were trained for endoscopic spinal surgery skills in pain medicine department of Peking University Third Hospital from January to June in 2020, were included in this survey to investigate the teaching effect of the hybrid teaching mode, the satisfaction of learners, and the impact of COVID-19's pandemic on the training. Results The hybrid teaching methods consisted of invasive surgery video, online teaching, simulating training and clinical practices of minimally invasive surgery. The results of survey showed that 42.9%(9/21) of the trainees were able to carry out endoscopic spinal surgery independently, and the remaining 57.1%(12/21) of the learners failed to do that even after 3 months of training. The reasons to explain this result limited resources of surgical instruments support from director of department, poor trust from patients and less clinical cases. Among the trainees who were not able to perform the surgery independently, ten of them do have the confidence to carry out endoscopic surgery on their own. All the trainees were satisfied with the hybrid training mode and 90.5%(19/21) of them thought that the COVID-19's pandemic had no significant impact on this training. Among the four teaching methods, 57.2%(12/21) of trainees thought that observation of surgery videos was the most helpful method. Conclusions The hybrid training mode during COVID-19's pandemic achieved a good result in endoscopic spinal surgery training. It was characterized by few negative impacts from COVID-19 pandemic, high satisfaction from trainees and repeatable training method.

Key words: Endoscopic spinal surgery, Hybrid training mode, Application effect