目的 分析虚拟仿真技术应用于我国医学教育领域的相关研究现状、主题演化以及热点前沿,为其在医学教育领域的深入开展及应用研究提供借鉴。方法 在中国知网、万方数据和维普数据库中,检索截至2019年12月31日发表的关于虚拟仿真技术应用于我国医学教育领域的研究文献,采用CiteSpace和VOSviewer软件分析其发文趋势、关键词共现、关键词主题演化趋势以及研究热点分布情况,生成知识图谱。 结果 纳入本研究的文献数量共计682篇,最早的研究出现在1996年。科学知识图谱显示,“实验教学”“虚拟仿真实验”和“虚拟手术”是研究热点。关键词“虚拟现实技术”和“虚拟手术”出现较早,具有较好的研究热点延续性,2013年后研究主题逐渐多样化,出现了如“口腔医学”“康复医学”和“整形外科学”等学科关键词。结论 虚拟仿真技术应用于医学教育领域的研究主题相对宽泛,1996年起文献整体增长趋势明显,“虚拟仿真实验”为当前的研究热点。研究大致历经起步阶段、扩大阶段和爆发阶段。

Objective To analyze the research status, theme evolution and hotspots of the application of virtual simulation technology in medical education in China, so as to provide some ideas for further research and support application of virtual simulation technology in medical education. Methods Up to December 31st 2019, we retrieved the literatures from Wan fang Data, VIPs Database and China Knowledge Network (CNKI). Publishing trends, keywords' co-occurrence, keyword topic evolution trend and research hotspot distribution were examined by Cite Space and VOS viewer software based on the available literature data and visual graphs were then generated. Results Totally 682 literatures were retrieved, and the earliest study was reported in 1996. Knowledge structure indicates that “experimental teaching”, “virtual simulation experiment”and “virtual surgery” are the hot spots “virtual reality technology” and “virtual surgery” appeared early and have a good continuity of research hotspots. Research topics gradually diversified after 2013, such as “stomatology”, “rehabilitation medicine”, “plastic surgery” and other keywords showed up. Conclusions The research topics of virtual simulation technology in medical education of China are relatively broad. Since 1996, the overall growth trend of research literature is obvious. “virtual simulation experiment” is the current research hotspot. The research has experienced the initial stage, the expansion stage, and the outbreak stage.