2020至2024年我国三年制临床医学专业招生人数及其录取位次变化分析

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20260223-00239

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析我国高等职业教育专科(以下简称“高职专科”)院校2020年至2024年三年制临床医学专业招生人数与院校所在省级行政区最低录取位次百分比的变化及其相关性,为招生计划调整和生源状况监测提供参考。方法采用问卷调查和资料分析方法,选取截至2024年全国开设三年制临床医学专业(专业代码520101K)的高职专科院校为研究对象,收集2020至2024年招生人数和2022至2024年招收学生在本省级行政区普通高职(专科)批最低录取位次,计算本省级行政区最低录取位次百分比。采用描述性统计、Spearman秩相关分析对数据进行统计分析。结果参与调查的高职专科院校共99所,其中,87所院校具有完整的本省级行政区最低录取位次资料。99所院校招生总人数由41 557人降至35 371人,87所院校本省级行政区最低录取位次百分比的中位数由2022年的75.1%降至2024年的71.5%,65所院校(74.7%)下降。招生人数变化率与其最低录取位次百分比变化量的r_s＝0.267,P＝0.012,23个省级行政区中,13个省级行政区招生总人数减少,2个省级行政区保持不变,8个省级行政区增加。结论三年制临床医学专业招生人数总体减少,最低录取位次总体前移。招生人数变化与最低录取位次百分比变化的相关程度较低,招生人数减少不一定同时出现最低录取位次前移。各省级行政区招生规模调整存在差异,需要根据基层卫生人才需求、院校办学条件和生源情况合理调整三年制临床医学专业招生计划。

关键词: 临床医学, 专科教育, 招生人数, 最低录取位次百分比

Abstract: Objective To analyze changes in enrollment and the home-province minimum admission rank percentage of three-year clinical medicine programs in Chinese higher vocational colleges from 2020 to 2024, as well as the association between these two measures, and to inform enrollment planning and monitoring of incoming student characteristics. Methods A questionnaire survey and document analysis were conducted among higher vocational colleges nationwide that offered three-year clinical medicine programs (program code 520101K) as of 2024. Enrollment data from 2020 to 2024 and the minimum admission ranks for the regular junior college admission batch in the colleges′ home provinces for students admitted between 2022 and 2024 were collected. The home-province minimum admission rank percentage was calculated. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation analysis were used. Results A total of 99 colleges participated in the survey, of which 87 had complete home-province minimum admission rank data. Total enrollment in the 99 colleges decreased from 41 557 to 35 371. Among the 87 colleges, the median home-province minimum admission rank percentage decreased from 75.1% in 2022 to 71.5% in 2024, with a decrease observed in 65 colleges (74.7%). The Spearman correlation coefficient between the enrollment change rate and the change in the home-province minimum admission rank percentage was 0.267 (P=0.012). Among the 23 provincial-level administrative regions, total enrollment decreased in 13, remained unchanged in 2, and increased in 8. Conclusions Enrollment in three-year clinical medicine programs decreased overall, while minimum admission ranks generally shifted forward. Enrollment changes were weakly associated with changes in the home-province minimum admission rank percentage, and a reduction in enrollment did not necessarily coincide with a forward shift in the minimum admission rank. Enrollment adjustments varied across provinces. Enrollment plans should be appropriately adjusted according to primary healthcare workforce needs, institutional educational capacity, and incoming student characteristics.

Key words: Clinical medicine, Vocational education, Enrollment, Minimum admission rank percentage

中图分类号:

白玲, 谢宜南, 王璟, 叶红, 王瑾. 2020至2024年我国三年制临床医学专业招生人数及其录取位次变化分析[J]. 中华医学教育杂志, 2026, 46(10): 721-725, DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20260223-00239.

Bai Ling, Xie Yinan, Wang Jing, Ye Hong, Wang Jin. Changes in enrollment and minimum admission ranks in three-year clinical medicine programs in China from 2020 to 2024[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education, 2026, 46(10): 721-725, DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20260223-00239.

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2020至2024年我国三年制临床医学专业招生人数及其录取位次变化分析

Changes in enrollment and minimum admission ranks in three-year clinical medicine programs in China from 2020 to 2024

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