Chinese Journal of Medical Education

Speech at the ″Oriental Medical Education Forum and 2024 Annual Meeting of Medical Education Specialized Branch″ (full text)

Lin Huiqing

2025, 45 (1): 1-2. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20241216-01312

Abstract ( 36 )

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Medical professionalism: concept, assessment, and cultivating

Wen Deliang, Li Honghe

2025, 45 (1): 3-10. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20241013-01067

Abstract ( 42 )

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Medical professionalism (MP) constitutes the core of medical humanities education, intimately tied to healthcare quality, patient safety, and public well-being. Based on an analysis of the essence of MP, this paper elucidates the assessment strategies and cultivation principles of MP, and further establishes a framework for accessing and fostering MP. The study contends that the evolution of MP is manifested across three dimensions: time, culture, and subjectivity. Its connotations extend from individual professional ethics to the interactive relationships within the healthcare system. The underlying logic of this evolution lies in the upgrading of educational objectives, advancements in medical paradigms, and the altruistic demands inherent in medical practice. The assessment strategies for MP encompass three aspects: multidimensional construction of assessment indicators, combined application of assessment methods, and longitudinal continuity in assessment management. Its cultivation necessitates adherence to the principle of continuity, emphasis on situational transfer, and attention to underlying complexity. Consequently, this paper proposes a framework for the cultivation and assessment of MP, serving as a reference for medical educators in designing cultivation programs, setting curricula, and implementing multi-stage, diverse assessment approaches.

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Reflections on the reform and development of medical humanities education in the conceptual context of comprehensive health

Duan Zhiguang, Wang Chen, Shi Yan, Hu Anxia

2025, 45 (1): 11-20. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20240930-01017

Abstract ( 24 )

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The reform and development of medical humanities education has become one of the hot-spots in the conceptual context of comprehensive health.A comprehensive analysis of the current status of medical humanities education, coupled with a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of relevant Chinese and English literature, reveals that medical humanities education in China to focus primarily on talent cultivation and curriculum reform. Medical humanities education should deepen the reform vertically and expand horizontally to health humanities,in order to cope with the problems and challenges of the diversified needs of comprehensive health, and to meet the needs for the construction of a community of common health for mankind and a Healthy China initiative. This article reflects on the reform and development of medical humanities education in China from seven aspects: the renewal of educators′concepts, the adaptation of healthcare workers′ future roles, the modernization of educational content, the implementation of daily practice, the innovative research driving reform, the balanced innovation of the educational paradigm, and the guidance of evaluation indices.

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The construction and path of medical humanities integrated education model in China

Peng Shutao, Wang Lulan

2025, 45 (1): 21-25. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20240925-01002

Abstract ( 27 )

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Medical humanities education is an important part of medical education. Medical humanities quality is an important part of medical personnel training. The development of medical humanities education in China has gradually shown the characteristics of systematization, diversification and application, but there are still some practical difficulties, such as insufficient coordination of education policies, unclear subject positioning, need to improve the effectiveness of education and lack of innovation in evaluation mechanism. We should focus on the connotation and characteristics of interdisciplinary integration, practical orientation, flexible teaching, and whole-process evaluation to construct a medical humanities integrated education model, and effectively improve the effectiveness of medical humanities education by innovating educational concepts, strengthening discipline construction, focusing on practice orientation, and improving the evaluation system.

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Research on the progress of teaching content in 7 courses of medical humanities in higher education institutions in China

Wang Jinfan

2025, 45 (1): 26-31. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20241015-01073

Abstract ( 19 )

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Medical humanities education is an important part of enhancing the humanistic literacy of medical students and strengthening their professional spirit. Summarizing the development and evolution of medical humanities curriculum in higher education institutions in China since the 21st century is essential for the construction of medical humanities courses in various medical colleges. Through the study of medical humanities course textbooks and related literature, it was found that seven courses, including medical philosophy, are the main medical humanities courses. From the perspective of this discipline, they payed high attention to the current situation and development of the medical and health industry in the new era, and focus on six key aspects: the combination of medicine and humanities, focusing on medical service goals, emphasizing group organization and role behavior, viewing doctor-patient relationships from multiple dimensions, valuing events in the medical field, and multidisciplinary interpretation of doctor-patient rights and obligations in medicine and humanities. They have expanded the breadth and depth of medical humanities education and teaching.

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Analysis of the status quo, hotspots and frontiers of clinical pharmacy education research in China

Zhang Qiaoyue, Pan Zhenhua, Wu Haijiang, Zhang Qin

2025, 45 (1): 32-37. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20240307-00226

Abstract ( 9 )

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Objective To systematically sort out the relevant literature in the field of clinical pharmacy education research in China, and to summarize the status quo, hotspots and frontiers of clinical pharmacy education research. Methods Articles published before December 6, 2023 about clinical pharmacy education were selected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodical, and their authors, institutions, and keywords were retrieved, then visualized and analyzed using CiteSpace software. Results A total of 2 751 papers from 947 authors were included in the study, with only 2 hospitals among the top 10 institutions in terms of publications, and only 2 of the top 10 authors in terms of publications were from hospitals, and there was no strong inter-institutional collaboration. The top 5 high-frequency keywords were clinical pharmacy (944 times), clinical pharmacist (622 times), pharmacy service (270 times), pharmacy education (149 times), and teaching reform (138 times).The research theme involves 3 directions: pharmacy service, education and teaching research, discipline and specialty construction. The keywords with high emergence intensity are hospital pharmacy(20.63), teaching model(16.61), clinical pharmacist(15.90), teaching reform(11.64). Conclusions Clinical pharmacy education has developed somewhat, and research cooperation between universities and hospitals needs to be strengthened. Clinical pharmacists, pharmacy services, pharmacy education, and teaching reform are hot topics in the research field of clinical pharmacy education, and the teaching model and the teaching reform are at the forefront of current researches.

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A research on the correlations among learning belief, professional identity, learning satisfaction and learning outcome of medical students

Wu Ruiyan, Zhang Miao, Zhou Qing, Zhu Junyong, Yan Hong, Liu Qing

2025, 45 (1): 38-43. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230919-00271

Abstract ( 21 )

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Objective To explore the correlations among learning belief, professional identity, learning satisfaction and learning outcome of medical students. Methods From October 2021 to April 2023, 240 medical students from Wuhan University were selected as the research subjects by cluster sampling method, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted on their learning belief, professional identity, learning satisfaction and learning outcome. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between potential variables, further assuming their action paths, and verifying them by structural equation modeling. Results The scores of learning belief, professional identity, learning satisfaction and learning outcome of medical students were (137.41±15.62), (120.14±16.54), (64.13±10.16), and (57.31±7.99), respectively, with significant positive correlations among the variables (r = 0.50~0.68, all P<0.05). Learning belief (β= 0.63, P<0.001) and professional identity (β=0.30, P=0.007) had direct positive effects on learning outcome, professional identity had an indirect positive effect (β=0.50, P<0.001) on learning outcome through learning belief, and learning satisfaction had an indirect positive effect (β= 0.64, P<0.001) on learning outcome through professional identity. Conclusions Learning belief and professional identity have direct positive effects on learning outcome, and learning satisfaction has an indirect positive effect on learning outcome.

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Research on virtual standardized patient application based on ChatGPT-4

Chen Naping, Tang Luzhen, Huang Xiansheng, Zheng Jinbin, Fan Yizhou

2025, 45 (1): 44-49. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20240307-00225

Abstract ( 39 )

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Acting with standardized patients is an important way to train the skills of medical history taking. The newly developed large language model ChatGPT has powerful language function and can communicate with human-like natural language. To further explore and develop the prompt engineering for ChatGPT-4 to act as virtual standardized patients (VSP), this study established, tested, and iterated the prompts from October 2023 to February 2024. The logs of ChatGPT-4′s interaction with participants and the evaluations of medical students participating in the test were collected. Qualitative text analysis was used to evaluate the influence of different versions of the prompt lexemes on improving the effectiveness of ChatGPT-4 as a VSP. The results showed that ChatGPT-4 had a better understanding of narrative history, mastered the interaction skills of SP, and effectively evaluated the consultation. After adjustment and optimization, the prompts can adapt to various medical cases. Students rated their performance as excellent, especially if there was emotional interaction. The establishment of the prompt engineering provides a new way for medical teachers to easily create VSPs, and creates a chance for medical students to practice medical history taking.

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The efficacy of structured questioning in the pedagogical approach to clinical internships in obstetrics and gynecology

Yang Zhe, Ou Xiangyang, Zhang Qixuan, Wu Gengxiang

2025, 45 (1): 50-54. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20230821-00150

Abstract ( 31 )

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Objective This study aims to investigate the impact of implementing structured questioning techniques in the clinical internship education of obstetrics and gynecology. Methods Utilizing a trial-control methodology, this study selected 206 clinical medicine students from the 2017 and 2018 cohorts who interned in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the First Clinical College of Wuhan University between September 2021 and September 2023. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups using a random number table. The experimental group, comprising 98 students, received instruction in structured questioning and diagnosis, whereas the control group, consisting of 108 students, was taught using conventional questioning and diagnosis techniques. A questioning assessment and a patient satisfaction questionnaire were employed to evaluate the educational outcomes of the two student groups. Statistical analyses were conducted using the t test and χ² test to interpret the data. Results The test group students′ scores on the diagnostic examination (80.34±3.18) were higher than those of the control group students (77.39±3.23), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001), which was mainly reflected in the fact that the test group students′ scores on the history of current illnesses (33.49±1.23) were higher than that of the test group students (32.60±1.92), and that the scores on the history of menstruation and marriage and parenthood (12.54±1.73) were higher than that of the control group students (11.38±1.11), all P<0.05. The length of consultation of the control group students (12.34±1.71) minutes was less than that of the experimental group students (14.89±2.04) minutes, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001); and the patient satisfaction scores of the experimental group students (15.35±1.42) were higher than that of the control group students ( 14.50±1.58), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001), mainly reflected in the number of interruptions of students in the experimental group (3.05±0.81) was significantly less than that of students in the control group (3.92±0.94), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusions The implementation of structured questioning techniques enhances the questioning abilities and patient satisfaction levels among obstetrics and gynecology interns, while also advancing students′ doctor-patient communication skills, which can be further developed.

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Reflection of the current situation of clinical practice ability cultivation of professional doctoral degree on clinical medicine in China

Lyu Ying, Cui Shuang

2025, 45 (1): 55-59. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20240419-00413

Abstract ( 21 )

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The professional doctoral degree education on clinical medicine is an essential way to train high-level clinicians. Based on the current situation of clinical practice ability cultivation of professional doctoral degree on clinical medicine in China, this paper analyzes the key problems, and suggests that cultivating talents should be defined based on moral cultivation; promoting the construction of relevant system with the aim of homogeneously producing fit-for-purpose graduates; taking competence as the core and implementing classification training step by step; strengthening collaboration as the key to ensure the quality of clinical practice. For purpose to cultivating high-level clinicians to serve the strategy of healthy China.

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Investigation and problem analysis on the training status of ″5+3+X″ doctoral students in clinical medicine in Tongji University

Yu Xuju, Yu Jia, Song Jianren

2025, 45 (1): 60-64. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20231110-00458

Abstract ( 22 )

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Objective To explore the present situation and existing problems of the training of ″5+3+X″ doctoral students in clinical medicine in Tongji University, and put forward suggestions for improvement. Methods In March, 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the ″5+3+X″ doctoral students in Tongji University from grade 2016 to grade 2022. Based on the theory of ″input-process-output-development″ in the theory of student development, two sets of questionnaires for students and graduates were compiled through literature review and the General Principles of Standardized Training for Specialists in Shanghai, and the relevant data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results (1)Input situation: 27 boys and 70 girls; There are 74 students and 23 graduates; There are 41 undergraduate graduates and 81 master graduates from ″Double First-class″ construction universities. (2)Process: Doctoral students have a high degree of acceptance of the education in the specialized training stage and are familiar with the policies and objectives of the specialized training system; The learning situation and satisfaction of the special training stage are better. (3)Output: 92.78%(90/97) of doctoral students′ academic achievement is to publish academic papers. (4) Development: The satisfaction of doctoral graduates with career development evaluation is at a general level. Conclusions ″5+3+X″ doctoral students in clinical medicine have a high sense of identity and acceptance of the training content in the specialized training stage, and their satisfaction with the learning process and results is generally good. However, there is still room for improvement in clinical practice ability, scientific research ability and career development ability.

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Comparative analysis of research hotspots in standardized residency training for general practitioners between literature in Chinese and English

Ye Zhuojun, Shen Yanli, Jiang Xiao, Fan Shulei, Feng Zhiying, Meng Chao, Yuan Huiyun

2025, 45 (1): 66-71. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20240116-00056

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Objective To conduct a comparative analysis of the research hotspots in the field of standardized residency training of general practitioners in Chinese and English literature, aiming to inform relevant research in China. Methods Searches were conducted for literature related to general practice residency training from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2023, in CNKI, Chinese Medical Journals, and the Web of Science database. The analysis of keyword co-occurrence and clustering was performed using CiteSpace.6.2.R4 package. Results A total of 749 Chinese and 482 English literature was included in this study. From 2004 to 2015, English publications amounted to 222, nearly three times the volume of Chinese publications in the same period. Since 2016, the average annual number of Chinese publications has increased to 71.5, while English publications have remained at only 33 per year. Chinese publications accounted for only 1.9% (9/482) of the English publications, with a centrality of 0. Cluster analysis of high-frequency keywords revealed that English literature focused on the development of residents′ comprehensive abilities, identification and management of mental health, educational practice and effectiveness evaluation, and demand-oriented curriculum design. In contrast, Chinese literature centered on cultivating residents′ post-competency, optimizing training models, strengthening base construction, and evaluating teaching outcomes. Both Chinese and English literature highlighted the importance of improving training quality and residents′ comprehensive abilities. Chinese literature placed greater emphasis on meeting the training needs of residents from diverse backgrounds, whereas English literature prioritize improvement of residency training courses guided by the needs of special populations and current trends in disease prevalence. Conclusions Since 2016, research on standardized residency training of general practitioners in China has gained significant interest, yet its international influence remains to be enhanced. In the future, it is essential to adopt international best practices, foster global exchanges and collaborations, and improve the quality and impact of China′s research in this field.

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Structural competency curriculum in the U.S. medical education and its implications

Fu Longwen, Hu Xinyu, Zhou Yinhua, Ju Niu, Zhang Changhua, Cheng Yu, He Yulong

2025, 45 (1): 72-77. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20231024-00390

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Facing the challenges of health inequalities and the social, political, and economic structures behind them, scholars in the U.S. proposed the idea of structural competency. They also designed the structural competency curricula in medical education. This article outlines the concept of structural competency and the components of this new competency. It also describes the content structure, teaching strategy, evaluation of and feedback on structural competency curricula with examples from the U.S. The U.S. experience is a valuable reference for medical humanities curriculum development and the integration of medical sciences and humanities in China. In the effort to explore a structural competency curriculum with Chinese characteristics, it is necessary to strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration between medical sciences and social sciences while enhancing experiential learning in course design. It is also important to develop such a curriculum based on the context of healthcare in China.

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