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01 May 2020, Volume 40 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Promoting integration innovation of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine for fighting COVID-19 Xu Jianguang, Shu Jing, Zhang Tingli, Li Qi, Hu Hongyi 2020, 40 (5):  321-324.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20200225-00187 Abstract ( 61 )   PDF (735KB) ( 42 )   Aiming at the role and existing problems of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the prevention and treatment of corona virus disease(COVID-19), and thus to evaluate current situation and identify the shortcomings of TCM education. It is critical to emphasize the integrated innovation of traditional Chinese and western medicine. It is great worth to find a scientific position of TCM, and to strengthen TCM innovation. The key is to cultivate innovative talents by deepening the integration of production and education, and to build a new development pattern of convergent innovation of Chinese and western medicine by updating the level of TCM industry. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The challenges and strategies of pediatric education under the “universal two-child” policy Hu Peng, Wu Yangfang, Fan Xiaochen, Hu Bo 2020, 40 (5):  325-328.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190611-00461 Abstract ( 53 )   PDF (736KB) ( 18 )   The “universal two-child” policy plays an important role in increasing the birth rate, supplementing the social workforce and stimulating the productivity. However, the shortage of pediatric resources seems more and more severe with the increased neonates and birth defects.The present report summerized the main problems in the whole process of pediatric education and advanced several improvements, which may be promising to relieve the shortage of pediatric resources caused by the “universal two-child” policy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The current situation and hotspot analysis of geriatric medical education based on bibliometrics Wang Zheng, Zhang Fan, Liu Huilin 2020, 40 (5):  329-333.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190628-00510 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (829KB) ( 63 )   With the aging in China getting seriously, the elderly population surged in these years. Therefore, the development of geriatric education can't meet the demand of the aging society. Using the full-text database (CNKI) and Wanfang database from 1988 to 2019, the total 280 articles related to geriatric education as the research object were included. Citespace software was approached to establish the knowledge mapping and visualization analysis. It was found that papers with the theme of geriatric education got faster increases in these years. Limited by the professional discipline setting in medical colleges and universities in China, the geriatric education research still has not formed the trend of collectivization and specialization. At the same time, humanistic education, narrative medicine and interprofessional education are complementary to geriatrics education. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The construction of medical functional experiment course guided by competence Zhu Kunjie, Qi Xiaojuan, Meng Nana, Xiao Wei, Du Xiaohui, Zhao Yu 2020, 40 (5):  334-337.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190924-00791 Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (883KB) ( 62 )   Depending on the basic connotation of competence oriented medical education reform, Basic Medical Science College of Qiqihar Medical University standardized the teaching work of the medical functional experiment course and designed it in an all-round way, and the course orientation and the overall teaching goal which are relative to the competency training of the medical students have been established. At the same time, we have carried out in-depth reform in teaching contents, methods, concept, classroom culture and evaluation of medical functional experiment course, explored the curriculum model of medical functional experiment, so as to meet the needs of social development and students' future development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the integration of clinical theory and practice in 16 medical universities Lu Shuming, Li Chunyan, Du Jianling, Zhang Jinbao, Yi Guilan, Liu Weiwei, Yin Jian, Shang Dong, Guan Youfei 2020, 40 (5):  338-342.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190721-00583 Abstract ( 61 )   PDF (752KB) ( 50 )   Objective To understand the current situation of the integration of clinical theory and practice in medical colleges and discover problems. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 593 teachers and 1 086 students from 16 medical colleges from September to December 2017. Results It shows that 91.9% (545/593) of the clinical teachers and 83.5% (907/1 086) of the interns believes that the proportion of theoretical and practical teaching hours is reasonable, most of which is concentrated in 1∶1, 2∶1 and 3∶1, most of the clinical teachers and the interns believe that the ratio of 1∶1 is the most appropriate. It is believed that most of the clinical theory courses and practical courses are partially connected, and the best way to integrate them is to combine the theoretical knowledge with clinical cases or to combine clinical cases with teach theories. As much as 53.0%(311/587) of the teachers understand that there is a systematic integration course and a systematic integration course in the institution, and nearly one-third of the teachers have participated in the integration course. Conclusions There are still several problems in the integration of clinical theory teaching and practical teaching. It should be guided by competency, continuously improve and optimize the system integration curriculum, coordinate and improve the integrated teaching within the medical disciplinary, and improve the quality of medical personnel training. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Empathy training in doctor-patient communication exercise of medical students Pan Chen, Wu Yan, Wang Lifeng, Tang Qiuping 2020, 40 (5):  343-348.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn70-2018-0712-00541 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (813KB) ( 56 )   Objective To evaluate outcomes of empathy training in medical students, and to provide empirical evidence to the comprehensive training of doctor-patient communication skill. Methods A parallel group controlled trial was implemented in this study. Participants included 64 junior students in eight-year- program. They were assigned to be intervention group (n=34) or control group (n=30). In addition to the traditional teaching as that in control group, the intervention group received six-hour empathy training. During the study period, the two groups received equal number of classes. Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale (CES-D) were adopted to evaluate empathy (perspective taking, empathy concern et al), depressive symptoms and positive emotion of medical students respectively before and one week after the training. Results Except that participants in intervention group are slightly older than that in the control group, there is no statistically significant difference in gender, empathy, depressive symptoms and positive emotion scores between the two groups (all P>0.05); There is no statistically significant difference in empathy, depressive symptoms, and positive emotion scores between baseline and one week after training in intervention group or control group (all P>0.05); Male participants receiving empathy training had a significantly increase in positive emotion score as comparing to the baseline (baseline: 8.23±2.72, post intervention: 8.89±2.72, t=-2.126, P=0.039). Female participants receiving empathy training had a significantly increase in perspective taking score as comparing to (before training: 11.26±2.91, after training: 12.48±4.05, t=-2.634, P=0.013); There is no statistically significant difference in male or female participants in control group in the field of perspective taking, empathy concern, depressive symptoms, and positive emotion scores (all P>0.05). Conclusions The empathy training does have effect on the improvement of perspective taking, emotional state of medical students. However, further research is still needed for longer observation and larger sample size. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A survey from medical students on the cognition and application of palliative care in end-stage kidney disease Li Ze, Liu Yumei, Guan Jian, Zhou Ting, Wang Niansong, Fan Ying 2020, 40 (5):  349-353.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190620-00492 Abstract ( 42 )   PDF (799KB) ( 22 )   Objective To investigate the cognition and application of palliative care in ESRD among clinical medicine students and to provide some reference for the reform of medical education in medical curriculums. Methods From December in 2018, self-designed questionnaires were sent out to 200 medical undergraduate selected randomly from the grade 2014 and 2015 of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Questionnaire stars were used to investigate the awareness of medical students on palliative care and its application in the treatment of end-stage renal disease, and the current situation of palliative medical education of medical students during undergraduate education. Results 59.6%(102/171) students failed to understand the difference between palliative care and palliative care; while 42.1%(72/171) of students had insufficient understanding of palliative care for ESRD patients. 81.3%(139/171) of students had never learned palliative care program in class and 83.5%(116/139) of them prefer to get knowledge of palliative care from clinical practice rather than in class. We also found students experienced clinical practice had deeper understanding on palliative care than those without clinical practice[(4.53±0.55)vs(4.34±0.69),t=2.08]. Conclusions Cognition and application of palliative care in ESRD among medical students still needs to be improved. Effective access is urged to obtain the knowledge of palliative care for medical students. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The challenges and potential resolutions for faculty development in simulation-based medical education Li Qi, Fang Liqun, Zuo Yunxia, Zhu Tao, Liu Jin 2020, 40 (5):  354-357.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190920-00775 Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (736KB) ( 59 )   The simulation-based medical education plays an important role in education of healthcare providers. However, the shortage of qualified educators has inhibited proper development of simulation-based medical education in China. Variable factors contributed to this situation. In this study, problems like the shortage of qualified educators, no standard of faculty development, no adequate train the trainer course and few support from stake-holders, will be discussed. Therefore, strategies should be taken to deal with challenges like system development, arousing the enthusiasm of educators, faculty development standards, quality maintenance of educators, training of teaching assistants and equipments innovation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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3D printing technology assistant teaching improve the learning outcome of orthopaedics teaching with different target levels Wang Min, Song Xin, Ke Song, Xu Yuan 2020, 40 (5):  358-361.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn70-2018-0503-00325 Abstract ( 47 )   PDF (741KB) ( 31 )   Objective To evaluate 3D printing technology-assisted teaching method in improving the orthopedic teaching based on Bloom's teaching goal. Methods A total of 24 medical students in grade 2014 at Army Medical University were randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 12 students in each. The same teacher gives same lecture of femoral intertrochanter fracture for the two groups, but experimental group had the lecture with the assistant of 3D printing femoral intertrochanter fracture model, and control group committed no such aide. After class, paper test were carried out, score and the number of multi-level questions, which students had in or after class were collected and analyzed with SPSS 12.0. Results The number of good question or wonderful treatment suggestion shows significant difference between the experimental group and control group (χ2=4.196, χ2=4.444, all P<0.05), with the former superior to the later, respectively; the results shows no significant between two groups in the number of innovative idea (χ2=2.182, P>0.05); the excellent score of theory examination shows no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=1.815, P>0.05), in spite of the fact the number of student with excellent score in experimental group was more than that in control group. Conclusions The 3D printing technology-assisted teaching method is helpful for the orthopedic teaching based on Bloom's teaching goal, but it is not significant to boost primary level to advanced level. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Mini-CEX combined with DOPS supported by WeChat in assessment of clinical teaching in oncology Liu Hongzhi, Xiao Yingsheng, Li Zhifeng, Huang Ruihong, Xu Shaowei, Zhang Yongqu, Zhang Fan, Chen Shaobin, Chen Lei, Zeng De 2020, 40 (5):  362-366.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190423-00312 Abstract ( 138 )   PDF (802KB) ( 77 )   Objective To explore the effect of mini-clinical evaluation exercise (Mini-CEX) and direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) evaluation supported by WeChat in assessing clinical capacity and clinical skills of medical students and residents. Methods Mini-CEX and DOPS evaluation forms in oncology were developed in this study. March to September 2018, questionnaire survey and WeChat Real-time Login were used to evaluate the performance of postgraduates and residents trained in the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC). The evaluation and feedback were streamlined within 30 minutes and conducted for 3 consecutive months. Results In the Mini-CEX, organizational effectiveness significantly decreased in the third month compared with the second month [(8.40±0.17)vs(8.83±0.10), P=0.030].In the DOPS,the ability to perform operations and communication skills significantly increased in the third month compared with the second month with statistical difference [(8.87±0.17)vs(8.17±0.20), (9.13±0.20)vs(8.11±0.28), all P<0.01]. Conclusions In clinical teaching of Oncology, using Mini-CEX and DOPS evaluation supported by WeChat has the merits of easy operation, direct observation, flexible choice of time and place, as well as high reliability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Qualitative research on professional degree education of medical doctor Zhang Chi, Wang Tingting, Jia Jinzhong, Liu Deping, Wang Peizhong 2020, 40 (5):  367-371.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190701-00516 Abstract ( 69 )   PDF (973KB) ( 61 )   Based on the grounded theory, this study systematically summarized the current status and major problems of the MD education through in-depth interview, text analysis and other qualitative research methods.The reform of clinical doctoral professional education should focus on clinical training institution, academic education system, students' actual feeling and participation of stakeholders. Feasible suggestionsare raised: strengthen macroscopical design, definite consensus of talent cultivation,encourage interaction and participation,optimize human resource management. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the effect of experimental skills training for research of academic graduate students of traditional Chinese medicine Wang Chenglong, Wu Hongjin, Zhang Jie, Wang Libo, Dai Weiwei 2020, 40 (5):  372-376.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190603-00431 Abstract ( 53 )   PDF (757KB) ( 34 )   Objective To analyse the effect of experimental skills training for research of academic graduate students of traditional Chinese medicine, clarify their training needs and improvement direction. Methods From October to November of 2018, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the experimental skills training for research of 146 academic graduate students of traditional Chinese medicine from 2014 to 2017 in Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were conducted to process the questionnaire data. Results Small class training can improve graduate students research skills (χ2=11.280,P<0.01), accelerate project progress (χ2=9.271,P<0.01) and enhance research interests (χ2=10.491,P<0.01). The longer graduate students were trained in the central laboratory, the better research project progress (χ2=22.822,P<0.01;trend χ2＝14.896,P<0.01) and research interests (χ2=18.576,P<0.01;trend χ2＝14.887,P<0.01) and skills (χ2=16.797,P<0.01;trend χ2＝8.574,P<0.01) was enhanced. The training components in the small class training were regarded as helpful by 64.0%-85.7% students. Adding the deep training items were considered necessary by 57.3%-89.8% students. There was no significant difference in the assessment between students for master's degree and for doctoral degree and nor their undergraduate and graduate period when they were surveyed. Conclusions Graduate students' participation in small class training and entering the central laboratory to carry out project research are conducive to the improvement of their research skills, progress of research projects and interest in Lab research. The training components meet the requirements but need to be updated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the standardized training's effect of pediatric residents in Beijing Wang Yujia, Jiao Liping, Wang Aihua, Wang Liping, Wang Tianyou 2020, 40 (5):  377-381.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190625-00503 Abstract ( 48 )   PDF (796KB) ( 29 )   Objective Based on the Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University to explore and evaluate the current effect of Standardization Training of Pediatric Resident in Beijing. To understand the problems and deficiencies in the training and facilitate the improvement of future work.Methods Conducted questionnaire survey respectively on 138 Beijing pediatric residents who completed training at Beijing Children's Hospital (BCH) from 2015 to 2017 and 40 management personnel from their original hospital (professional director, department director and doctors at the same level) and analyzed the survey results. Results The study shows that the residents were satisfied with the rotation arrangement, fair learning opportunities and treatmentwhich were (4.28±0.87), (4.17±0.92) and (3.74±1.09). The results of the training on professional quality, knowledge and skills were highly evaluated by the residents, which were (4.25±0.82) and (4.04±0.77). In addition to professional quality, the communication and cooperation and patient care were highly evaluated by the management personnel, which were (3.98±1.01) and (3.92±1.01) . Conclusions Beijing Children's Hospital has a good promoting effect on the capacity building of Pediatric resident in standardized training,the scientific research and teaching ability aspects should be further improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect evaluation of standardized training for general residents in Shanghai Yang Sen, Zhao Huaxin, Shi Jianwei, Ge Xuhua, Chen Chen, Niu Xiaomin, Zhang Hanzhi, Yu Dehua 2020, 40 (5):  382-386.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190813-00658 Abstract ( 43 )   PDF (796KB) ( 25 )   Objective To investigate the effect of the standardized training for general practitioners in Shanghai, so as to further improve the training. Methods In this study, the questionnaire method was used. From March 2019 to June 2019, 320 students who participated in and completed the standardized training of general practitioners in Shanghai (hereinafter referred to as ‘residential training’) from 2016 to 2018 were randomly selected as research objects. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the situation of the trainees during the training period, as well as the questions and recommendations in the training. The survey was conducted by network questionnaire and in-depth interview. Results The satisfaction of participants with the clinical thinking method and typical case analysis used in the residential training was 77.8% (249/320), the satisfaction with rotation arrangements in general hospitals and community primary hospitals was 85.9% (275/320) and 79.1% (253/320), respectively, and the satisfaction of remuneration during the period was 25.9% (83/320), and the satisfaction of scientific research of undergraduate students and graduate students was 25.4%(66/260),45.0%(27/60). 78.1% (250 / 320) of the students thought that teachers lacked the pertinence of teaching. Conclusions At present, Shanghai general residents are satisfiedwith the training. The remuneration, general medical research ability training and the pertinence of teaching need to be further improved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The exploration and research of management information construction of practical skills examination in ChineseNational Medical Licensing Examination Zhang Wenjuan, Zhang Saiyi, Wang Haifeng, Ding Yimin, Wen Jiyuan, Xuan Haihua 2020, 40 (5):  387-391.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191029-00913 Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (780KB) ( 42 )   With the development of information technology, the traditional organizational model of the practical skills test for physician qualification examinations has become increasingly prominent.The National Medical Examination Center has jointly studied some of the examination areas, test sites and test bases to study the information management of the practical skills test for physician qualification examinations. The research shows that the information process control system and the non-examination examination system can solve some problems existing in the traditional examination mode, improve the examination efficiency and improve the homogeneity of the examiner's examination.According to the requirements of the physician qualification examinations practice skills examination reform, the informatization construction of the base will be strengthened in the future, and the informationization examination management will be gradually realized in the physician qualification examination, and the non-examiners base exam test system will be put into use in the appropriate examination base. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of scoring accuracy of clinical thinking ability assessment Lu Yan, Li Guojian, He Ju, Zhang Ying 2020, 40 (5):  392-396.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20191029-00911 Abstract ( 90 )   PDF (796KB) ( 80 )   Objective To analyzes scoring accuracy of clinical thinking ability assessment in the empirical study of National Medical Licensing Examination(NMLE) phased examination, so as to provide reference for the follow-up study of CTA system. Methods In 2018,a simple random sampling method was used to select 35 candidates who participated in the CTA test as the research object. Eight clinical doctors of position of senior or higher from the third class hospital were invited as clinical experts to evaluate the clinical thinking ability of 35 examinees, then the consistency between CTA system score and clinical expert grade evaluation is analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient and general theory (GT). Results Pearsonal correlation coefficient of CTA system and clinical expert rating in information collection, disease analysis, clinical diagnosis and treatment and dynamic decision making were 0.824, 0.697, 0.856 and 0.815; The generalizability coefficient of GT analysis were 0.879, 0.904, 0.879, 0.878, dependent index were 0.674, 0.863, 0.869, 0.797. Conclusions The evaluation system of CTA is consistent with clinical experts evaluation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment of the testing pattern of the integrated curriculum of basic medicine based on data analysis of comprehensive test results Liu Kan, Zheng Shuyuan, Tian Tian, Wang Zhenyu, Xiao Tian, Zhuang Ran 2020, 40 (5):  397-400.  DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20190419-00298 Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (904KB) ( 51 )   With the development of integrated medical curriculum, it is imperative to establish an appropriate testing pattern to evaluate the outcomes of the teaching reform. On the basis of the data analysis of the comprehensive test results of basic medicine at Air Force Medical University, this paper integrates curriculum and examination, testing theories, and testing purposes, and explores an appropriate assessment criterion for the testing pattern of the integrated curriculum of basic medicine with regard to testing orientation, testing form and test quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics