Objective To explore the application effects of Augmented Reality technology in spinal surgery training. Methods Experimental control method was used in this study .From September 2018 to January 2019, 50 graduates majoring in clinical surgery at Wuhan University were selected as research subjects. The students in this study all practiced in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. In the training of spinal surgery, the experimental group adopted the teaching method of augmented reality technology. The control group adopted traditional teaching methods. By the end of the training, the two groups of students were tested and asked to evaluate the learning gain from the teaching process with augmented reality technology. Results The average scores of the experimental group and the control group were 87.76 and 78.24 respectively. The difference is significant (t=9.559,P<0.05) .The results of the questionnaire showed that the scores covering five points of the experimental group and the control group were (88.64±3.62)vs.(77.92±3.89),(87.16±4.12)vs.(75.96±3.66),(89.84±3.04)vs.(80.12±4.49),(89.00±4.26)vs.(76.88±3.70),(89.80±3.23)vs.(79.72±3.91) , the differences are significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions In the training of spinal surgery, the augmented reality has achieved good teaching effect. This teaching method is conducive to the improvement of students' capacity building of learning and clinical reasoning, so is worthy of further research and promotion.