Objective To understand the influencing factors of post competency of public health practitioners in Xinjiang and provide scientific basis for the training of public health talents in Xinjiang Medical College. Methods Questionnaires were distributed to 450 public health practitioners in 8 regions medical institutions(CDC, MCH and occupational disease hospitals, etc) in Xinjiang using stratified cluster sampling. The competency model of the collected questionnaire data is established and the influencing factors are explored. Results The survey results of 396 valid questionnaires show that the public health practitioners in Xinjiang have the characteristics of female [64.4%(255/396)], less than 40 years old [57.1%(226/396)], more middle and senior professional titles [58.3%(231/396)], and factor analysis is carried out on the six competency main factor scores of the subjects with different characteristics in Xinjiang. The professional titles, working hours , two factors have influence on the post competence (F=3.953, F=3.685, F=4.773, P＜0.05). Conclusions The influencing factors of the post competency of Xinjiang public health practitioners obtained by this research are in line with the regional and economic characteristics of Xinjiang, and provide the basis and reference for the undergraduate and postgraduate education and training, job recruitment and post graduation education of public health major in medical colleges and universities.