Objective To analyze the influence of different academic qualifications on the results of standardized training graduation exam of surgical residents, and to put forward corresponding suggestions for formulating training plans for surgical residents. Methods From 2014 to 2016, 1 387 surgical residents in Beijing were selected as the subjects for the study, and the related factors were analyzed retrospectively. According to the highest academic qualifications obtained by the candidates in the examination, the candidates are divided into bachelor group, master group and doctor group. Using the methods of difference analysis, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis, the scores of different modules of the 7-station and the passing rates of the three groups of candidates in clinical skill examination are compared. Results Among 1 387 candidates, 540 were in the bachelor group, 460 were in the master group and 387 were in the doctor group. There was a significant difference about passing rate among bachelor group 63.9% (345/540) , master group 74.2% (341/460) and doctor group 75.7% (293/387) (P < 0.01). Among them, the pass rate of master and doctor candidates was higher than that of bachelor candidates, and the difference were statistically significant (All P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the pass rate between the candidates with master and doctor degree (P>0.05). Multivariate ANOVA analysis showed that among bachelor group, master group and doctor group, the scores of assistant examinations [(73.90±8.25) vs (75.76±8.86) vs (77.26±8.25)], medical documents [(69.71±22.85) vs (66.86±23.19) vs (72.17±23.40)], case analysis [(83.82±10.18) vs (83.43±8.14) vs (85.18±7.84)], humanistic communication [(87.62±8.05) vs (87.86±23.19) vs (72.17±23.40)] have significant differences (All P < 0.01), There were no significant differences in the scores of the medical record writing [(84.51±9.17) vs (85.09±7.97) vs (85.08±8.76)] and surgical operation modules [(87.08±9.04) vs (85.96±7.81) vs (86.37±7.75) ](P > 0.05). Conclusions The standardized training programs of surgical residents with different degrees should be different. In terms of training design, doctor degree students should mainly fill in the shortcomings such as surgical operation, and the training period of rotation can be reduced or exempted. The rotation period for master degree students should not be reduced, however, their traning plan should focus more on filling in the shortcomings. Bachelor degree students should conduct systematic clinical training in accordance with the training program.