Objective To understand the instructors' evaluation of the capabilities of residents, and analyze the homogenization of the capabilities of different types of residents during residency training program. Methods Totally 254 instructors were investigated about residents' capabilities between November 2017 to June 2018. Results Totally 377 residents were evaluated and showed imbalance capabilities, among which, teaching skills and professional knowledge and clinical skills were defects. There were statistically significant differences between the different types of residents in terms of individual ability and total score. After controlling for education and grades, logistic regression results showed staff (OR=2.106, 95% CI=1.185～3.745), eight-year medical students (OR=3.121, 95% CI=1.836～5.306) and medical graduate student (OR=1.374, 95% CI=0.976～1.934) had better capabilities than the residents from other hospitals. Conclusions The capabilities of different types of residents were not homogeneous. Only defining the same identity in laws, providing the same resources and implementing the same standards in training, can the homogenization of residency program be achieved.