Objective To investigate the effect of mentor team system in the training of ophthalmology postgraduate students. Methods Sixty-four Postgraduates of department of ophthalmology in Peking University Third Hospital were enrolled from 2016 to 2018. The postgraduate students were divided into two groups: 17 students were enrolled in mentor team group as experimental group while 47 students were enrolled in single mentor group as control group. The training programs, self-assessment questionnaire, examination scores and scientific research achievements of the two groups were compared. Results The self-assessment questionnaire scores of the postgraduate students were (8.9 ± 0.7), 0.47 per capita academic articles were published with 0.41 per capita of academic conference speech were given in mentor team group. In single mentor group, the self-assessment questionnaire scores of the postgraduate students were (7.6 ± 1.2), 0.21 per capita academic articles were published with 0.11 per capita of academic conference speech were given. (all P<0.05) The average score of the examination in the mentor team group was (90.2±3.2) and (88.7±4.3) in the single mentor group without statistically significant difference (t=0.309, P=0.581). Conclusions The mentor team system is more conducive to the cultivation of self-confidence and progress of scientific research ability than the single mentor system for postgraduates. The mentor team system helps young doctors grow better.