Objective To explore the learning outcome of traditional teaching combined with evidence-based medicine model in the clinical teaching of pediatric ophthalmology. Methods Experimental control methods were used. Sixty students from the eight-year curriculum in Pediatric Ophthalmology Department, Peking University Third Hospital from 2012 to 2016 were selected as subjects. They were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 30 in each group. In the clinical teaching of pediatric ophthalmology, the experimental group used the combination of traditional teaching and evidence-based medicine, and the control group used classic teaching methods. The theoretical scores and the questionnaires of the two groups were compared to evaluate the teaching effects. Results The theoretical scores of the experimental group (93.4±1.12)were better than those of the control group(90.5±0.68)(t=12.75, P<0.05). The clinical scores of the experimental group( 98.6±0.58)were better than those of the control group(93.2±1.23) (t=21.47, P<0.05).The results of the questionnaire showed that the experimental group was more satisfied with the education experience than the control group. Conclusions The combination of traditional teaching and evidence-based medicine could lead students to learn and understand the basic knowledge of ophthalmology through traditional teaching, and to find clinical problems, to search references then to find best evidences model. The students' attention is paid mainly to patient they can use knowledge with a smart approach with the development of lifelong learning.