Objective To structure the new training mode and the results of on-the-spot assessment of standardized training for residents of cancer radiotherapy specialty,and evaluate the implementation effect. Methods From June 1 to December 31, 2016, by using the methods of literature research, expert interview and Delphi, the improved training mode of tumor radiotherapy residents was initially established, and the two-way selection method and questionnaire survey method were used for evaluation. Based on the questionnaire survey, the evaluation of the new training mode by the resident trainees and teachers in Jiangsu cancer hospital base(hereinafter referred to as "the base") was collected, and the results of the resident training test, clinical operation skill test and communication ability test between the base trainees and other base trainees were compared. Results A total of 78 questionnaires were sent out, the recovery rate was 97.4% (76/78) and the satisfaction rate was 76.3% (58/76). A total of 21 points were given out in the questionnaire (teacher part), the recovery rate was 100% (21/21), and the satisfaction rate was 66.7% (14/21). Compared with other base students, the scores of resident training test of the base students (77.89±14.83), clinical skill operation level (83.01±12.67) , communication ability (85.94±9.33) were all better than those of other base students(72.45±18.78),(77.34±15.11),(81.76±11.19),the difference are statistically significant. Conclusions Compared with the traditional training mode, the training effect of the improved training mode is significantly improved.