Objective To understand the current status and demands for continuing medical education (CME) among healthcare professionals in a specialized cancer hospital and to analyze related influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. From January to March 2025, a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the current status, demands, and satisfaction regarding CME among 649 healthcare professionals in the hospital. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression. Results Work-study conflict [351(54.08%)] and limited learning pathways [160(24.65%)] were identified as the primary reasons affecting the completion of CME. Statistically significant differences were found in the reasons affecting CME completion across different professional titles, educational backgrounds, and specialties (all P<0.05). A gap was observed between the current offerings and the demand for specialized knowledge courses. Oncology-related knowledge remained the primary learning focus, while there was a strong demand for courses in medical psychology [209(32.20%)], doctor-patient communication [194(29.89%)], latest research advances [191(29.43%)], and grant application and scientific writing [173(26.66%)]. Online distance education was the main learning pathway [360(55.47%)], and its demand was projected to increase further [531(81.82%)]. The overall satisfaction with CME was relatively high [(4.55 ± 0.65) points]. Higher overall satisfaction was associated with learning motivations such as ″personal desire to improve professional skills,″ ″career development needs,″ and lower learning costs (all P<0.05). Conclusions Work-study conflict and limited learning pathways were identified as the primary reasons affecting the completion of continuing medical education among healthcare professionals in this hospital. Differences in the influencing factors were observed across groups with different professional titles, educational backgrounds, and specialties. A pressing demand for various course contents beyond oncology knowledge was reported. Online distance education was confirmed as the primary learning pathway, with its demand demonstrating continued growth. Overall satisfaction among healthcare professionals was relatively high and was associated with specific learning motivations and lower costs.