The specialty catalogue of postgraduate education serves as a crucial cornerstone for degree conferral and talent cultivation in China's postgraduate education sector. Its adjustments and changes function as a barometer for the development of graduate education. Against the backdrop of the release and official implementation of the 2022 edition of the discipline catalogue, this study, based on the theoretical perspective of historical institutionalism, sorts out the historical evolution of the specialty catalogue of postgraduate education in the health professions category in China, and analyzes the logic of institutional changes from three aspects: influencing factors, dynamic mechanisms, and path dependence. The paper finds that ideological factors, exogenous factors, and endogenous factors influence the adjustment of the medical discipline classification. Administrative entities, academic entities, market entities, and industry entities, as participating entities, drive gradual changes in the medical discipline classification through substitution, layering, drifting, and transformation patterns. Furthermore, increasing returns, power imbalances, institutional adhesion, and institutional complementarity facilitate the self-reinforcement of the 2022 edition of the medical discipline classification system and contribute to path dependence. In the process of implementing the 2022 edition of the specialty catalogue, medical colleges and universities should pay attention to the influencing factors of the setting and adjustment of the specialty catalogue, and promptly respond to the cultivation of urgently needed talents. They should also follow the dynamic mechanism of the setting and adjustment of the specialty catalogue to accurately grasp the direction of the adjustment, and utilize the path dependence of the setting and adjustment of the specialty catalogue, attaching importance to the cultivation of high-level applied medical talents, so as to promote the development of postgraduate education in health professions.
Li Chenxi
,
Cui Shuang
,
Duan Liping
. Analysis of the establishment and adjustment of the specialty catalogue of postgraduate education discipline in medical field based on historical institutionalism theory[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education, 2025
, 45(11)
: 860
-867
.
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115259-20241202-01240
[1] 王战军,张微. 新中国成立70年来我国高校学科结构调整——政策变迁的制度逻辑[J].中国高教研究,2019 (12):36-41. DOI:10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2019.12.06.
[2] 梁传杰. 研究生教育学科专业目录调整:理论逻辑、历史逻辑与实践逻辑[J]. 学位与研究生教育,2023 (2) :1-9. DOI:10.16750/j.adge.2023.02.001.
[3] 尹丹. 高校研究生教育发展方向及路径探究——基于《研究生教育学科专业目录(2022年)》调整的视角[J]. 北京教育(高教) ,2024 (3) :58-61.
[4] 朱德米. 新制度主义政治学的兴起[J]. 复旦学报(社会科学版) , 2001(3): 107-113. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0257-0289.2001.03.019.
[5] 河连燮.制度分析:理论与争议[M].李秀峰,柴宝勇,译.2版.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2014:21-24.
[6] 杨院,王荷艳. 我国工学博士培养模式的变迁——基于历史制度主义的分析[J].研究生教育研究,2020(3) :8-13. DOI: 10.19834/j.cnki.yjsjy2011.2020.03.02.
[7] 中华人民共和国教育部. 国务院学位委员会办公室负责人就新版研究生教育学科专业目录和目录管理办法答记者问[EB/OL].(2022-09-14)[2023-05-23]. http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/s271/202209/t20220914_660966.html.
[8] 中华人民共和国教育部. 杨斌:以“三并”为着力点,构建新时代中国特色学科专业管理新机制[EB/OL]. (2022-09-14)[2023-05-23].http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/moe_2082/2022/2022_zl24/202209/t20220914_660973.html.
[9] 黄宝印,唐继卫,郝彤亮. 我国专业学位研究生教育的发展历程[J]. 中国高等教育,2017(2): 18-24.
[10] 黄宝印. 我国专业学位研究生教育30年[J].中国研究生,2021(10):16-31.
[11] 中华人民共和国教育部. 教育部 国家卫生健康委联合启动高层次应用型公共卫生人才培养创新项目[EB/OL]. (2020-12-07)[2025-08-19].http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/gzdt_gzdt/s5987/202012/t20201207_503915.html.
[12] 国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于加快医学教育创新发展的指导意见(国办发〔2020〕34号)[EB/OL].(2020-09-17)[2023-05-23].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2020-09/23/content_5546373.htm.
[13] 国务院学位委员会、教育部. 关于印发《研究生教育学科专业目录(2022年)》《研究生教育学科专业目录管理办法》的通知(学位〔2022〕15号)[EB/OL]. (2022-09-13)[2024-12-02].http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A22/moe_833/202209/t20220914_660828.html.
[14] 周建军,胡伟力,谢鹏等. 医学领域学科专业目录调整的国际适应性问题探讨[J]. 西北医学教育,2010,18(3) :429-431,441. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2769.2010.03.001.
[15] 何俊志. 结构、历史与行为——历史制度主义的分析范式[J].国外社会科学,2002(5):25-33. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4777.2002.05.004.
[16] Mahoney J,Helen K.A theory of gradual institutional change in explaining institutional change: ambiguity, agency, and power[M].Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010:19.
[17] 马雪松. 历史制度主义的发生路径、内在逻辑及意义评析[J].社会科学战线,2022(6) :187-197.
[18] Arthur, W. Brian. Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock - in by historical events[J]. Econ J, 1989, 99(394):116-131. DOI: 10.2307/2234208.
[19] Paul A. David. Why are institutions the 'carriers of history'?: path dependence and the evolution of conventions, organizations and institutions[J]. Struct Change Econ Dyn, 1994, 5(2): 205-220. DOI: 10.1016/0954-349X(94)90002-7.
[20] Pierson P. Increasing returns, path dependence, and the study of politics[J]. Am Polit Sci Rev, 2000, 94(2), 251-267. DOI: 10.2307/2586011.
[21] North, D C. Institutions, institutional change and economic performance[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press. 1990: 9.
[22] 张大庆. 学科评估对医学人文学科发展的冲击[J]. 中国医学伦理学, 2019,32(7) : 845-848. DOI:10.12026/j.issn.1001-8565.2019.07.08.
[23] 中华人民共和国教育部. 国务院学位委员会办公室负责人就新版研究生教育学科专业目录和目录管理办法答记者问[EB/OL].(2022-09-14)[2023-12-26].http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/s271/202209/t20220914_660966.html.
